Regulation of Genes Encoding Chloroplast Antioxidant Enzymes in Comparison to Regulation of the Extra-plastidic Antioxidant Defense System

2010 ◽  
pp. 337-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete Baier ◽  
Nicola T. Pitsch ◽  
Marina Mellenthin ◽  
Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Genes Encoding

scholarly journals Increased Activity of Hippocampal Antioxidant Enzymes as an Important Adaptive Phenomenon of the Antioxidant Defense System in Chronically Stressed Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša Popović ◽  
B. Snežana Pajović ◽  
Vesna Stojiljković ◽  
Ana Todorović ◽  
Snežana Pejić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractThis study examined the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 2 hours × 14 days) on gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD 1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) and catalase (CAT) in the rat hippocampus. Also, we examined changes in the activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Investigated parameters were quantifi ed by using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and assay of enzymatic activity. We found that CRS did not change mRNA and protein levels of SOD 1 and CAT, but increased mRNA and protein levels of SOD 2. However, CRS treatment increased the enzyme activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT. Our fi ndings indicate that the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT) in the hippocampus may be an important adaptive phenomenon of the antioxidant defense system in chronically stressed rats.

scholarly journals Results of the use of a sorbent in a carp feed with signs of mycotoxin contamination

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
О. Deren ◽  
◽  
N. Syrovatka ◽  
M. Koryliak ◽  
О. Dobryanska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Diene Conjugates

Purpose. The aim of the work was to study certain morpho-physiological parameters of carp as a result of additional introduction of a mycotoxin sorbent to a feed with signs of spoilage. Methodology. During 2019–2020, two experiments were conducted in the laboratory. The first one included 7 groups-analogues of age-1+ Nyvky carp, 20 fish in each group, with an average weight of 22.5 g. The control group of fish was fed for 24 days with a compound feed with signs of spoilage, «Mykosorb» was additionally added to the diet of the experimental groups in the amounts of 0.05, 0.1; 0.15; 0.2; 0.25 and 0.4%, respectively. The second group included 4 groups of age-1+ fish, 12 fish in each group, with an average weight of 20.0 g. The diet of the control group was identical to that of the first experiment, and the experimental groups with the addition of 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% of «Mycosorb», respectively. During the study, optimal conditions for keeping fish were provided. Fish after were measured and weighed at the end of the experiment and their weight gains were analyzed according to generally accepted methods in fish farming. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxidation products depending on the composition of the diet were studied. Findings. The studies used compound feed with signs of spoilage as a result of violation of their storage technology, which identified three groups of toxins: Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol. As a result of the first stage of the study, the rates of application of mycotoxin sorbent into the diet of carp at amounts of 0.05 - 0.2% were determined. At the same time, there was no clear proportional pattern of changes in the average weight of fish depending on the amount of introduction of «Mycosorb», the value increased in all experimental groups compared to the control by 0.4 – 15.2%. Muscles of age-1+ fish were found to have higher (p<0,001) catalase activity after application of 0.15% of the test drug by 1.4 times, 0.2% — by 46%, 0.25% — by 69 and 0.4% — by 79%. Superoxide dismutase activity also increased, except for the groups of 0.2, 0.25 and 0.4% of «Mycosorb». There was a tendency of 21.0 and 22.6% decrease in the content of diene conjugates as a result of feeding 0.05 and 0.1% sorbent and some increase as a result of feeding 0.15; 0.2; 0.25 and 0.4% additives. Studies of the next stage showed that addition of «Mykosorb» at the rate of 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% to the feed, the average weight of age-1+ carp in the experimental groups increased by 45.4; 37.2 and 30.3%, the condition factor — by 41.9; 40.8 and 42.7%, the relative growth rate is 4.3; 5.9 and 4.6 times, respectively. The fish body height to length ratio was lower by 10.3, 7.0 and 7.4% relative to the control group. Addition of 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% of «Mycosorb» increased resistance of fish due to an increase in the hepatopancreatic activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase by 28.3, 30.5 and 5.0% and catalase by 56.5 (p<0.001), 55.5 (p<0.001) and 46.3% (p<0.05). At the same time, addition of 0.05 and 0.1% of «Mykosorb» increased the content of diene conjugates by 11.3 (p<0.01) and 12.3% (p<0.01), TBC-active products by 19.7 (p<0.05) and 13.2%. Originality. For the first time, the feasibility of addition of the mycotoxin sorbent «Mykosorb» into the feed with signs of spoilage was studied. The effect of feeding age-1+ carp with diets of various compositions on some morpho-physiological parameters of carp in the conditions of model tests was carried out. Practical value. Additional weigh gains and improvements of the antioxidant defense system of the carp organism were observed. The use of «Mykosorb» in carp feeding allows reducing the negative impact of low quality feed on fish body. Key words: carp, feed, feed additives, mycotoxins, sorbent, morphological parameters, growth, antioxidant defense system

scholarly journals The antioxidant defense system of Varroa destructor mites facilitates the infestation of Apis mellifera

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Kamila Dmochowska-Ślęzak ◽  
Małgorzata Dmitryjuk ◽  
Ewa Zaobidna ◽  
Krystyna Żółtowska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Parasitic Mite

Abstract Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite of the Western honey bee. The activity of five antioxidant enzymes of V. destructor were analysed. Glutathione content and total antioxidant status was also evaluated. Our results suggest that antioxidant enzymes constitute the main line of defense against ROS in V. destructor, whereas low-molecular-weight antioxidants play a limited role in the antioxidant system of mites.

Curcumin protects the testis against cadmium-induced histopathological damages and oxidative stress in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Momeni ◽  
N Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Total Glutathione

Background: Cadmium is an environmental pollutant which can induce the overproduction of free radicals while suppressing the antioxidant defense system. Curcumin is considered a free-radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of curcumin on serum antioxidant enzymes and histopathological changes in mice treated with cadmium. Methods: In this experimental study, adult mice were divided into four groups, namely, control, cadmium chloride (5 mg kg−1), curcumin (100 mg kg−1), and curcumin+cadmium chloride. The animals received curcumin 24 h prior to cadmium chloride injection. After 24 h, blood samples were collected and used to assess the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), total glutathione, total thiol, and hydrogen peroxide. Histopathological evaluation was also performed for testicular tissue. Results: Mice treated with cadmium showed a significant ( p < 0.001) decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, serum amounts of total glutathione and total thiol, and the diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. This pollutant also significantly ( p < 0.001) increased serum levels of MDA and hydrogen peroxide and the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control group. In the curcumin+cadmium group, curcumin significantly ( p < 0.001) reversed the adverse effects of cadmium, compared to the cadmium group. In addition, curcumin alone significantly ( p < 0.001) increased serum glutathione peroxidase activity and thiol content compared to the control group. Conclusion: Curcumin, as a potent antioxidant, could compensate the adverse effects of cadmium on lipid and protein peroxidation, potentiated serum antioxidant defense system, and ameliorated some morphometrical parameters in the testis of cadmium-treated mice.

scholarly journals Physiological changes and antioxidant enzymes activity in Biquinho and Malagueta pepper seeds during the maturation process

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Fontes Araújo ◽  
Haynna Fernandes Abud ◽  
Laércio Junio da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Fontes Araujo ◽  
Cleide Maria Ferreira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Low Activity

ABSTRACT Seeds held inside fleshy fruits after harvest can continue metabolically active, the process of maturation is not interrupted, which can promote the increase on germination and vigour. Also, during maturation and fruit after-ripening period, changes in the mechanisms of protection against oxidative damage can occur, including the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality and enzymatic activity of antioxidant defense system of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Represented by the Biquinho pepper and Capsicum frutescens L. represented by the Malagueta pepper seeds, collected from fruits at different developmental stages and subjected to post-harvest storage. Fruits harvested at 40, 55 and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) were stored at 25 °C, for 0, 6, 12 and 18 days. Seeds were evaluated for germination and accelerated aging tests. In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were determined. For both species, seed from fruits collected at 70 DAA, presenting red colour, have higher germination and vigour compared to the seeds harvested at 40 and 55 DAA. The harvest of the fruits on this stage is recommended for obtain high quality seeds. The after-ripening of Biquinho pepper seeds harvested at 55 DAA contribute to increase the germination potential of the seed, while for Malagueta seeds this procedure has little benefit. The catalase enzyme has great potential to monitor the physiological quality of Biquinho and Malagueta pepper seeds; low activity of this enzyme in seeds during the fruits after-ripening is related to better physiological quality.

scholarly journals Effect of a novel thiazole derivative and its complex with polymeric carriers on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in murine lymphoma cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
M. V. Popovych ◽  
◽  
Ya. R. Shalai ◽  
S. M. Mandzynets ◽  
N. E. Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Thiazole Derivatives ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Thiazole Derivative ◽  
Polymeric Carriers

Background. Previous studies have shown a pronounced cytotoxic effect of thiazole derivatives in combination with polymeric carriers on tumor cells. At the same time, the derivatives were not cytotoxic against non-cancerous cells in vitro. It was shown that thiazole derivatives at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM affected the prooxidant and antioxidant systems of lymphoma cells in vitro. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the complex of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) in combination with polymeric carriers poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th1), poly(PEGMA) (Th3) and poly(PEGMA-co-DMM) (Th5) on the antioxidant defense system of the NK/Ly cell in vitro. Materials and Methods. The experiments were performed on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Tumor cells were inoculated into mice intraperitoneally. Ascites was drained from the abdominal cavity of anaesthetized mice with a sterile syringe on the 7th-10th day after inoculation. Investigated compounds BF1, BF1 + Th1 (Th2, Th12), BF1 + Th3 (Th4, Th14), BF1 + Th5 (Th6, Th16) at a final concentration of 10 μM were added to the lymphoma samples and incubated for 10 min; the activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined according to the techniques described previously. Results. It was found that all the studied complexes based on thiazole derivative BF1 and polymeric carriers poly (VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th2, Th12), poly (PEGMA) (Th4, Th14) and poly (PEGMA-co-DMM) (Th6, Th16) at a concentration of 10 μm increased the activity of SOD, while the activity of CAT and GPX were reduced compared to control. Complexes Th2, Th12 and Th4 increased the significance of the BF1 influence on lymphoma cells from P <0.05 to P <0.01. Pure polymeric carriers did not affect the level of the antioxidant defense system enzymes. Conclusions. Thus, it was found that the polymeric carriers in combination with thiazole derivative BF1 increased the significance of thiazole derivative BF1 influence on the activity of the antioxidant defense system of lymphoma cells, while pure polymeric carriers did not affect the activity of SOD, CAT or GPX. The results of this work can be used for further studies of complexes of thiazole derivative and PEG-containing polymeric carriers as potential antitumor drugs.

scholarly journals Bacillus siamensis Reduces Cadmium Accumulation and Improves Growth and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 878
Author(s):  
Samrah Afzal Awan ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ali Raza ◽  
Abd Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) metal in the soils due to the scarcity of good quality water and industrial waste could be the major limiting factor for the growth and yield of crops. Therefore, there is a need for a prompt solution to the Cd toxicity, to fulfill increasing food demand resulting from growing world population. Today, a variable range of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is being used at a large scale in agriculture, to reduce the risk of abiotic stresses on plants and increase crop productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus siamensis in relieving the Cd induced damage in two wheat varieties (i.e., NARC-2009 and NARC-2011) grown in Cd spiked soil at different concentrations (0, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg). The plants under Cd stress accumulated more Cd in the roots and shoots, resulting in severe oxidative stress, evident by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Moreover, a decrease in cell osmotic status, and alteration in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also observed in wheat plants under Cd stress. As a result, the Cd exposed plants showed a reduction in growth, tissue biomass, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, total soluble sugars, and amino acids, in comparison to control plants. The extent of damage was observed to be higher with an increase in Cd concentration. However, the inoculation of wheat with B. siamensis improved plant growth, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both wheat varieties. B. siamensis amendment brought a considerable improvement in every parameter determined with respect to Cd stress. The response of both wheat varieties on exposure to B. siamensis was positively enhanced, whereas NARC-2009 accumulated less Cd compared to NARC-2011, which indicated a higher tolerance to Cd stress mediated by B. siamensis inoculation. Overall, the B. siamensis reduced the Cd toxicity in wheat plants through the augmentation of the antioxidant defense system and sugars production.

The effects of diazinon on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Altuntas ◽  
Ibrahim Kilinc ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Reha Demirel ◽  
Halis Koylu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Public Health Programs

Diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides (OPI) in agriculture and public health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate how an OPI, diazinon, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in vitro. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the effects of various concentrations of diazinon on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each diazinon concentration was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte samples at +4°C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. In experiment 2, in order to determine the direct effect of diazinon on the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, the erythrocytes were haemolysed and incubated with the various concentrations of diazinon at +4°C for 0, 60 and 180 min. In experiment 1, MDA levels and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px increased with increasing diazinon concentration and incubation period, but CAT activity remained unchanged. In experiment 2, SOD activity was significantly decreased, and GSH-Px activity was significantly increased. From these results, it can be concluded that in vitro administration of diazinon results in the induction of erythrocyte LPO and changes the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the toxic effects of diazinon.

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