Levels of Abstraction; Levels of Reality

2012 ◽  
pp. 201-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Levels Of Reality ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Abstraction As a Configuration Design Methodology

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Snavely ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Configuration Design ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Abstract Configuration design can be thought of as a process of generating artifacts by assembling pre-defined components. This paper introduces a method for reducing the size of configuration problems by abstracting components to higher levels of abstraction. At higher abstraction levels, less important detail is temporarily ignored, and each component represents a family of lower-level components. Configuration is then performed at the highest level, explicitly enumerating all configurations at that level. Any complete configuration at the highest level is recursively instantiated to lower levels. At the same time, any incomplete configuration at the highest level is eliminated, thereby eliminating all possible lower-level instantiations of that configuration. In this manner, all configurations of components at the lowest level of abstraction are implicitly enumerated.

Modeling Process-Driven SOAs

2011 ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Huy Tran ◽  
Ta’id Holmes ◽  
Uwe Zdun ◽  
Schahram Dustdar
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The One ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Model Driven Approach

This chapter introduces a view-based, model-driven approach for process-driven, service-oriented architectures. A typical business process consists of numerous tangled concerns, such as the process control flow, service invocations, fault handling, transactions, and so on. Our view-based approach separates these concerns into a number of tailored perspectives at different abstraction levels. On the one hand, the separation of process concerns helps reducing the complexity of process development by breaking a business process into appropriate architectural views. On the other hand, the separation of levels of abstraction offers appropriately adapted views to stakeholders, and therefore, helps quickly re-act to changes at the business level and at the technical level as well. Our approach is realized as a model-driven tool-chain for business process development.

An Object-Oriented Formalism for Geometric Reasoning in Engineering Design and Manufacture

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravisrinivas Navaneethakrishnan ◽  
Kristin L. Wood ◽  
Richard H. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Geometric Reasoning ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Modeling Technology ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Form Features ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Abstract Geometry is a language for representing and communicating mechanical design information. To enhance the integration of design and manufacturing tasks, a representation of product geometry at appropriate levels of abstraction for geometric reasoning is necessary. In addition, a mechanism to perform reasoning with the representation is needed. This paper describes a computational formalism for representing and manipulating geometry at different abstraction levels. Geometry is abstracted in terms of form features. Spatial relationships between features, which are important components for geometric reasoning, are represented using a modification of a previously developed technique — the intermediate geometry language (IGL). To enable geometric reasoning, information abstracted using features and the IGL is transformed into a data model based on object-oriented modeling technology. An object algebra is defined to query the data model for information.

scholarly journals Construction of High School Students’ Abstraction Levels in Understanding the Concept of Quadrilaterals

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Teguh Budiarto ◽  
Siti Khabibah ◽  
Rini Setianingsih
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Plane Figure ◽  
School Students ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Mathematical Concepts ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
Abstraction Levels

The purpose of this study was to examine the abstraction thinking or the vertical reorganization activity of mathematical concepts of high school students while taking account of the abstraction that was constructed earlier, and the socio-cultural background. This study was qualitative in nature with task-based interviews as the method of collecting the data. It involved 62 high school students, and conducted for one year. The study focused on activities related to how the subjects grouped plane figures, recognized the attributes of each two plane figure, recognized the relation among them based on their attributes, defined plane figures, connected their attributes, as well as constructed the relations among plane figures. The results indicates that the abstraction level of high school students in constructing the relations among quadrilaterals consists of concrete visual level, semi-concrete visual level, semi-abstract visual level, and abstract visual level, together with indicators of each level. Therefore, the researchers suggest that it is necessary to design a learning activity that facilitates the four levels of abstraction, so that a student might increase his/her level of abstraction.

Investigating novelty–outcome relationships in engineering design

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
Amaresh Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Abstraction Level ◽  
Design Creativity ◽  
Think Aloud Protocol ◽  
Concept Space ◽  
Abstraction Levels

AbstractDesign creativity involves developing novel and useful solutions to design problems. The research in this article is an attempt to understand how novelty of a design resulting from a design process is related to the kind of outcomes, described here as constructs, involved in the design process. A model of causality, the SAPPhIRE model, is used as the basis of the analysis. The analysis is based on previous research that shows that designing involves development and exploration of the seven basic constructs of the SAPPhIRE model that constitute the causal connection between the various levels of abstraction at which a design can be described. The constructs are state change, action, parts, phenomenon, input, organs, and effect. The following two questions are asked. Is there a relationship between novelty and the constructs? If there is a relationship, what is the degree of this relationship? A hypothesis is developed to answer the questions: an increase in the number and variety of ideas explored while designing should enhance the variety of concept space, leading to an increase in the novelty of the concept space. Eight existing observational studies of designing sessions are used to empirically validate the hypothesis. Each designing session involves an individual designer, experienced or novice, solving a design problem by producing concepts and following a think-aloud protocol. The results indicate dependence of novelty of concept space on variety of concept space and dependence of variety of concept space on variety of idea space, thereby validating the hypothesis. The results also reveal a strong correlation between novelty and the constructs; correlation value decreases as the abstraction level of the constructs reduces, signifying the importance of using constructs at higher abstraction levels for enhancing novelty.

A MULTI-AGENT APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENT EXPLORATION

1996 ◽  
Vol 05 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 213-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARIO MAIO ◽  
STEFANO RIZZI
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Clustering Techniques ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Environment Representation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Exploration is a central issue for autonomous agents which must carry out navigation tasks in environments of which a description is not known a priori. In our approach the environment is described, from a symbolic point of view, by means of a graph; clustering techniques allow for further levels of abstraction to be defined, leading to a multi-layered representation. In this work we propose an unsupervised exploration algorithm in which several agents cooperate to acquire knowledge of the environment at the different abstraction levels. All agents are equal and pursue the same local exploration strategy; nevertheless, the existence of multiple levels of abstraction in the environment representation allows for the agents' behavior to differ. Agents carry out exploration at different abstraction levels, aimed at reproducing an ideal exploration profile; each agent dynamically selects its exploration level, based on the current demand. Inter-agent communication allows for the agents to share their knowledge and to record acquaintances of the other agents. A communication protocol for organizing teams of agents is provided.

scholarly journals A UNIFIED SPECIFICATION FORMAT FOR INTERLEVEL RELATIONS BETWEEN AGENT MODELS IN MULTIPLE ABSTRACTION DIMENSIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250026 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN TREUR
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Multi Agent System ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Temporal Abstraction ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Multi-agent systems for a certain application area can be modeled at multiple levels of abstraction. Interlevel relations are a means to relate models from different abstraction levels. Three dimensions of abstraction often occurring are the process abstraction, temporal abstraction, and agent cluster abstraction dimension. In this paper a unifying formalization is presented that can be used as a framework to specify interlevel relations for any of such dimensions. The approach is illustrated by showing how a variety of different types of abstraction relations between multi-agent system models can be formally specified in a unified manner.

APPLYING MDE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLEXIBLE AND REUSABLE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTINA VICENTE-CHICOTE ◽  
FERNANDO LOSILLA ◽  
BÁRBARA ÁLVAREZ ◽  
ANDRÉS IBORRA ◽  
PEDRO SANCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
System Development ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Model Transformations ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Abstraction Levels

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are a very promising research field since they are applicable in many different areas. Current proposals for WSN system development are mainly focused on implementation issues and rarely use a Software Engineering methodology to support their development life cycle. The Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) approach can be used as a solution to this by allowing designers to model their systems at different abstraction levels, providing them with automatic model transformations to incrementally refine abstract models into more concrete ones. In this vein, this paper presents an MDE approach to WSN application development. Three levels of abstraction have been defined which allow designers to build: (1) domain-specific models, (2) component-based architecture descriptions, and (3) platform-specific models. Automatic model transformations between these three abstraction levels have been designed and, in order to demonstrate the viability of the proposal, a real WSN application has been developed using the implemented tools.

scholarly journals Matching models across abstraction levels with Gaussian Processes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Caravagna ◽  
Luca Bortolussi ◽  
Guido Sanguinetti
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Gaussian Processes ◽  
Random Function ◽  
Statistical Machine Learning ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Matching Models ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Proof Of Principle

AbstractBiological systems are often modelled at different levels of abstraction depending on the particular aims/resources of a study. Such different models often provide qualitatively concordant predictions over specific parametrisations, but it is generally unclear whether model predictions are quantitatively in agreement, and whether such agreement holds for different parametrisations. Here we present a generally applicable statistical machine learning methodology to automatically reconcile the predictions of different models across abstraction levels. Our approach is based on defining a correction map, a random function which modifies the output of a model in order to match the statistics of the output of a different model of the same system. We use two biological examples to give a proof-of-principle demonstration of the methodology, and discuss its advantages and potential further applications.

Scale-free architectures support representational diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Fields ◽  
James F. Glazebrook
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Abstract Representations ◽  
Computational Architecture ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
Cognition Scale

Abstract Gilead et al. propose an ontology of abstract representations based on folk-psychological conceptions of cognitive architecture. There is, however, no evidence that the experience of cognition reveals the architecture of cognition. Scale-free architectural models propose that cognition has the same computational architecture from sub-cellular to whole-organism scales. This scale-free architecture supports representations with diverse functions and levels of abstraction.

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