Effects and Side-Effects of Essential Oils

1985 ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schilcher
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils

scholarly journals Essential Oil-Based Bioherbicides: Human Health Risks Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9396
Author(s):  
Chloë Maes ◽  
Jeroen Meersmans ◽  
Laurence Lins ◽  
Sandrine Bouquillon ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Negative Side Effects

In recent years, the development of new bio-based products for biocontrol has been gaining importance as it contributes to reducing the use of synthetic herbicides in agriculture. Conventional herbicides (i.e., the ones with synthetic molecules) can lead to adverse effects such as human diseases (cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive perturbations, etc.) but also to disturbing the environment because of their drift in the air, transport throughout aquatic systems and persistence across different environments. The use of natural molecules seems to be a very good alternative for maintaining productive agriculture but without the negative side effects of synthetic herbicides. In this context, essential oils and their components are increasingly studied in order to produce several categories of biopesticides thanks to their well-known biocidal activities. However, these molecules can also be potentially hazardous to humans and the environment. This article reviews the state of the literature and regulations with regard to the potential risks related to the use of essential oils as bioherbicides in agricultural and horticultural applications.

scholarly journals The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3506
Author(s):  
Jorge M. Alves-Silva ◽  
Mónica Zuzarte ◽  
Henrique Girão ◽  
Lígia Salgueiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Current Therapies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health burden that greatly impact patient quality of life and account for a huge number of deaths worldwide. Despite current therapies, several side effects have been reported that compromise patient adherence; thus, affecting therapeutic benefits. In this context, plant metabolites, namely volatile extracts and compounds, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents. Indeed, these compounds, in addition to having beneficial bioactivities, are generally more amenable and present less side effects, allowing better patient tolerance. The present review is an updated compilation of the studies carried out in the last 20 years on the beneficial potential of essential oils, and their compounds, against major risk factors of CVDs. Overall, these metabolites show beneficial potential through a direct effect on these risk factors, namely hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, or by acting on related targets, or exerting general cellular protection. In general, monoterpenic compounds are the most studied regarding hypotensive and anti-dyslipidemic/antidiabetic properties, whereas phenylpropanoids are very effective at avoiding platelet aggregation. Despite the number of studies performed, clinical trials are sparse and several aspects related to essential oil’s features, namely volatility and chemical variability, need to be considered in order to guarantee their efficacy in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Essential oils for the treatment of demodex

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04034
Author(s):  
Chun-Xia Huang ◽  
Hai-gang Li ◽  
Huai-Qing Luo ◽  
Qing-Ming Fu ◽  
Bin-Sheng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Acaricide Resistance ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Structure Activity Relations ◽  
Demodex Infestation

The Demodex infestation is widely spread among older people. The conventional treatment of demodex involves chemicals and antibiotics. However, these treatments have a number of side effects, such as environmental risks, acaricide resistance, toxicity to humans and animals. Benefit from abundant sources of plants and plant extractions have been a new choice for treating demodex infections. This review summarizes the anti-demodex and side effects of certain botanical essential oils. The high efficacy and low side effects of essential oils, such as TTO and its active ingredient terpinen-4-oil, camphor oil, sage oil, peppermint oil, neem oil, clove oil make them good candidates for the treatment of mites. Further studies on the biological mechanisms of the acaricide effects of these active essential oils and the structure-activity relations are necessary to clarify the functions of these drugs.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of quince seed mucilage hydrogel decorated with essential oils of Nigella sativa, Citrus sinensis and Cinnamon verum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzaii ◽  
Marzieh Yaeghoobi ◽  
Meysam Afzali ◽  
Neginsadat Amirkhalili ◽  
Majid Mahmoodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antifungal Properties

Background and Objectives: Candidiasis and pityriasis versicolor are opportunistic fungal infections that are caused by Candida spp. and Malassezia spp. yeasts. Conventional drugs like azole and amino derivatives are known to treat fungal skin diseases. However, drawbacks like long-term side effects and drug resistance lead to investigate on antifungal properties of phytochemicals as an alternative to available synthetic drugs. Materials and Methods: The herbal nano hydrogel was successfully synthesized from Quince Seed extract followed by ultrasonic treatment and it has been formulated using a mixture of essential oils. We evaluated the antifungal in vitro assay for a mixture of essential oils in combination with herbal nano hydrogel against Candida albicans and Malasezia furfur strains by micro dilution method. Results: The results indicated that essential oils possess antifungal activity with the MIC value of 12.5 and 6.24 mg/ml against C. albicans and M. furfur, respectively. No fungicidal effect was reported for the herbal hydrogel before nanofabrication while it shown some antifungal activity after ultrasonic treatment for 5 and 10 minutes. As anticipated; the antifungal property of essential oil mixture was appreciably improved when it combined with herbal nano hydrogel where the highest level of inhibition was observed at concentration of 3.125 mg/ml for both strains. The loss in biological activity observed when the ultrasonic treatment on herbal nano hydrogel performed for longer time. Conclusion: The proposed plant-based nano formulation shown promising in vitro antifungal activities against C. albicans and M. furfur strains and its antifungal properties were comparable with commercially available agents like clotrimazole. The new formulation expected to be safe with minimum long-term side effects. Further investigations are underway to confirm the safety and the mechanism of the action of this new herbal formulation.

Aromatherapy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Maria Ayub ◽  
Amna Islam
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Eligibility Requirements ◽  
Quality Evidence

Aromatherapy is most commonly used therapy for the relaxation purpose to overcome the symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders. Essential oils are most commonly used substances for this purpose. These are obtained from various plant species including lavender, rosemary, sage, and salvia. The objective of this study was to evaluate aromatherapy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. A computer-based search of Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsycINFO, AMED, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed. Trials were included if they were potential human trials assessing aromatherapy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and utilized validated instruments to assess participant eligibility and clinical endpoints. Selection criteria of the study was decided and taken into consideration. Trials were identified that met all eligibility requirements. Individual trials investigating botanical sources and clinical effects of essential oils used in aromatherapy. Results of the trials are discussed to form the basis of a recommendation. No good quality evidence was identified on which to base a recommendation. However, no serious side effects were reported in any of the studies on the use of aromatherapy. Further studies are recommended to reach at any conclusion.

An In Silico Approach Towards Investigation of Possible Effects of Essential oils Constituents on Receptors Involved in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and Associated Risk Factors (Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Hamedi ◽  
Amirhossein Sakhteman ◽  
Seyed Mahmoud Moheimani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aim: Aromatherapy products, hydrosol beverages and distillates containing essential oils are widely used for cardiovascular conditions. Investigation of the possible activity of their major constituents with the cardiovascular related receptors may lead to develop new therapeutics. It also, may prevent unwanted side effects and drug-herb interactions. Materials and Methods: A list of 243 volatile molecule (mainly monoterpene and sesquiterpene) were prepared from literature survey in Scopus and PubMed (2000-2019) on hydrosols and essential oils which are used for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its risk factors (diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia). The PDB files of the receptors (229 native PDB files) included alpha glucosidase, angiotensin converting enzymes, beta-2 adrenergic receptor, glucocorticoid, HMGCoA reductase, insulin, mineralocorticoid, potassium channel receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, were downloaded from Protein Data Bank. An in silico study using AutoDock 4.2 and Vina in parallel mode was performed to investigate possible interaction of the molecules with the receptors. Drug likeliness of the most active molecules was investigated using DruLiTo software. Results: Spathulenol, bisabolol oxide A, bisabolone oxide, bergapten, bergamotene, dill apiole, pcymene, methyl jasmonate, pinocarveol, intermedeol, α-muurolol, S-camphor, ficusin, selinen-4- ol, iso-dihydrocarveol acetate, 3-thujanone, linanool oxide and cadinol isomers made a better interaction with some of the named receptors. All of the named molecules had an acceptable dug likeliness except for α-bergamotene. Also, all of the named molecules had the ability to pass the blood brain barrier and it is possible to produce unwanted side effects. Conclusion: Some ingredients of essential oils might be active on cardiovascular related receptors.

The effect of some green insecticides from essential oils onAphis craccivora, and their side effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed F. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Wafaa L. Abdou ◽  
Elham A. Abdel-Hakim ◽  
Fatma M. El-Hawarya ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Bakry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils

Side effects of a mixture of essential oils on Psyttalia concolor

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358-1367
Author(s):  
Thiago J. S. Alves ◽  
Ana Murcia-Meseguer ◽  
Celeste Azpiazu ◽  
Andrea Wanumen ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Psyttalia Concolor

scholarly journals Antispasmodic Effect of Essential Oils and Their Constituents: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heghes ◽  
Vostinaru ◽  
Rus ◽  
Mogosan ◽  
Iuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Antispasmodic Effect

The antispasmodic effect of drugs is used for the symptomatic treatment of cramping and discomfort affecting smooth muscles from the gastrointestinal, billiary or genitourinary tract in a variety of clinical situations.The existing synthetic antispasmodic drugs may cause a series of unpleasant side effects, and therefore the discovery of new molecules of natural origin is an important goal for the pharmaceutical industry. This review describes a series of recent studies investigating the antispasmodic effect of essential oils from 39 plant species belonging to 12 families. The pharmacological models used in the studies together with the mechanistic discussions and the chemical composition of the essential oils are also detailed. The data clearly demonstrate the antispasmodic effect of the essential oils from the aromatic plant species studied. Further research is needed in order to ascertain the therapeutic importance of these findings.

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