Introduction to the Study of Bacillus sphaericus as a Mosquito Control Agent

Intervention measures to control the transmission of vector-borne diseases include control of the vector population. In mosquito control, synthetic insecticides used against both the larvae (larvicides) and adults (adulticides) create numerous problems, such as environmental pollution, insecticide resistance and toxic hazards to humans. In the present study, a bacterial pesticide, Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV), was used to control the dengue and filarial vectors, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV) was very effective against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus, showing significant larval mortality. Evaluated lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were age-dependent, with early instars requiring a lower concentration compared with later stages of mosquitoes. Culex quinquefasciatus was more susceptible to Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV) than was Aedes aegypti. Fecundity rate was highly reduced after treatment with different concentrations of Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV). Larval and pupal longevity both decreased after treatment with Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV), total number of days was lower in the B. sphaericus treatments compared with the control. Our results show the bacterial pesticide Bacillus sphaericus (Bs G3-IV) to be an effective mosquito control agent that can be used for more integrated pest management programs.

Download Full-text

THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-8-893-896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (8) ◽

pp. 893-896

Author(s):

Svetlana A. Roslavtseva

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Bacillus Sphaericus ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Blood Sucking ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Bacterium Bacillus

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.

Download Full-text

Phytochemistry and GC-MS screening and biocidal potentiality of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) pods against mosquitos’ larvae

International Journal of Science and Research Archive ◽

10.30574/ijsra.2021.3.2.0135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 083-089

Author(s):

Dalia Mustafa M. Elbashir ◽

Mutaman AA Kehail ◽

Yasir Mohamed Abdelrahim ◽

Abdelmonem Eltiyab H Ali

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Agent ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Mosquito Nets ◽

Economic Trends ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Phytochemical Components

Many measures have been used for mosquito control, including the elimination of breeding places, exclusion via window screens and mosquito nets in addition to natural products including clove (Syzygium aromaticum). This study was run at University of Gezira, Sudan, to run phytochemical and GC-MS screening for clove pods before used it as mosquito control agent. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The WHO protocol for testing the susceptibility of mosquito’s larvae to insecticides was followed in bioassay. The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results showed that, Aedes mosquito was relatively more susceptible (LC50= 498 mg/L) to clove aqueous extract than Anopheles (LC50= 561 mg/L) and Culex (LC50= 615 mg/L), and similar findings were observed for clove pods ethanol extract, which is relatively more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of the detected saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. The GC-MS for the ethanol extract showed that, the principal compounds were Eugenol (81%) and caryophyllene (4.65%). Further studies should be run to improve knowledge about how to use this natural product in more economic trends.

Download Full-text

Callicarpa Species from Central Vietnam: Essential Oil Compositions and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9010113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nguyen Huy Hung ◽

Le Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽

Nguyen Thi Hoai Thuong ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Agent ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Central Vietnam ◽

Two Samples ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Larvicidal Activities

There are around 140 species in the genus Callicarpa, with 23 species occurring in Vietnam. The Vietnamese Callicarpa species have been poorly studied. In this work, the leaf essential oils of C. bodinieri, C. candicans, C. formosana, C. longifolia, C. nudiflora, C. petelotii, C. rubella, and C. sinuata, have been obtained from plants growing in central Vietnam. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. Mosquito larvicidal activities of the essential oils were carried out against Aedes aegypti. All of the Callicarpa leaf essential oils showed larvicidal activity, but two samples of C. candicans were particularly active with 48-h LC50 values of 2.1 and 3.8 μg/mL. Callicarpa candicans essential oil should be considered as a potential alternative mosquito control agent.

Download Full-text

Coconut water as a cheap source for the production of δ endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, a mosquito control agent

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.09.002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. Prabakaran ◽

S.L. Hoti ◽

A.M. Manonmani ◽

K. Balaraman

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Agent ◽

Coconut Water

Download Full-text

Pyrethroid Resistance Status of Aedes (Stegomyia) Aegypti (Linneaus) from Dengue Endemic Areas in Peninsular Malaysia

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v16i2.327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rosilawati R ◽

Lee HL ◽

Nazni WA ◽

Nurulhusna AH ◽

Roziah A ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Pyrethroid Resistance ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Laboratory Strain ◽

Control Agent ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

World Health ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Health Organization

Vector control is still the principal method to control dengue and chemical insecticides, especially the pyrethroids such as permethrin are the forerunners of mosquito control agent. Intensive and extensive use of pyrethroids often result in resistance, thereby hampering control efforts. The present study was conducted to evaluate the susceptible status of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue against permethrin. A nationwide mosquito sampling via ovitrapping was conducted in 12 dengue hotspots across 5 states in Peninsular Malaysia. Field collected Aedes eggs were hatched and reared until L3 larval and further identified it species. Adult F0 Aedes aegypti were reared until F1 progeny and the female were used in adult assay, performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocol as to determine the resistance level. The laboratory strain maintained for more than 1000 generations that were susceptible to permethrin served as the control strain. Evaluation of resistance ratio was assessed by comparing the knockdown rate with laboratory susceptible strain. In this present study, 70% ofAe. aegypti population from dengue hotspots was highly resistance to permethrin. The study clearly demonstrated that widespread of permethrin resistant Ae. aegypti in Malaysian mosquito’s population, indicating the need of implementing an efficient pyrethroid resistance management.

Download Full-text

An overview on nano-materials as mosquito controlling agents against Anopheles stephensi

Advances in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.33140/ann.04.03.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Anopheles Stephensi ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Control Agent ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Nano Materials ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Plant Parts

Mosquitoes are very obnoxious insects and vectors of many diseases like malaria, filariasis, dengue, yellow fever, encephalitis etc. Among these, malaria is transmitted by Anopheles stephensi mainly in urban areas across the temperate country. So, there is an imperative requirement to imply some mechanisms to reduce the mosquito vector to facilitate the reduction of vector borne diseases throughout the globe. But, mosquito control strategies are now in front of a threat because mosquito populations get resistance against the available synthetic insecticides. Besides the chemical insecticides, several other ways to control the vector population proved unsuccessful in most of the cases. Now, various researchers are trying to develop an alternate effective approach to eradicate malaria from the earth by controlling its vector by using a product which is ecofreindly, cost effective, biodegradable, non-toxic and selective in nature. So, by the amalgamation of the two fields namely the nanotechnology and the vector managements, a new field is now opened up for decades, “the green synthesized nanoparticles as mosquito control agents”. The plant-based, fabricated nanoparticles are beneficial over the synthetic one since it is economical, eco-friendly and non-toxic to nature. Silver, gold, zinc, cobalt, copper etc. nanoparticles are green fabricated with different plant parts, fungi as well as bacteria. These nano-materials are of less than 100 nm in diameter and are currently used in various fields of industry. So, adapting the nano-biotechnology to control the mosquito vector is the need of the hour. In this present review we focused on potential role of nano-materials as mosquito control agent against An. stephensi at different life stages of it.

Download Full-text