Burden of Proof Requirements and Environmental Sustainability: Science, Public Policy, and Ethics

1998 ◽  
pp. 75-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lemons
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Burden Of Proof

What’s Next for a National Infrastructure Policy: An Encore or a Requiem?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1087724X2110146
Author(s):  
Richard G. Little
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Infrastructure Systems ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Many ◽  
National Infrastructure ◽  
Roll Out

In an essay almost 30 years ago, Professor Dick Netzer of NYU asked the question “Do We Really Need a National Infrastructure Policy?” and came to the conclusion that we did not. As the Biden Administration prepares to roll out a multi-trillion dollar infrastructure package, the nation is faced with numerous questions regarding the infrastructure systems necessary to support continued economic growth and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this essay is to look to recent history for guidance for how to proceed by revisiting the underlying premises of the Netzer essay and reconsider whether a National Infrastructure Policy is needed. Because linking infrastructure to broader public policy objectives could both unite the nation and position it to address the many challenges that the 21st century will present, I believe the idea of a National Infrastructure Policy definitely deserves a second look.

scholarly journals Reviewing the interface of bioeconomy and ecosystem service research

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1878-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia D’Amato ◽  
Bartosz Bartkowski ◽  
Nils Droste
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Societal Actors

Abstract The bioeconomy is currently being globally promoted as a sustainability avenue involving several societal actors. While the bioeconomy is broadly about the substitution of fossil resources with bio-based ones, three main (competing or complementary) bioeconomy visions are emerging in scientific literature: resource, biotechnology, and agroecology. The implementation of one or more of these visions into strategies implies changes to land use and thus ecosystem services delivery, with notable trade-offs. This review aims to explore the interdisciplinary space at the interface of these two concepts. We reviewed scientific publications explicitly referring to bioeconomy and ecosystem services in their title, abstract, or keywords, with 45 documents identified as relevant. The literature appeared to be emerging and fragmented but eight themes were discernible (in order of decreasing occurrence frequency in the literature): a. technical and economic feasibility of biomass extraction and use; b. potential and challenges of the bioeconomy; c. frameworks and tools; d. sustainability of bio-based processes, products, and services; e. environmental sustainability of the bioeconomy; f. governance of the bioeconomy; g. biosecurity; h. bioremediation. Approximately half of the documents aligned to a resource vision of the bioeconomy, with emphasis on biomass production. Agroecology and biotechnology visions were less frequently found, but multiple visions generally tended to occur in each document. The discussion highlights gaps in the current research on the topic and argues for communication between the ecosystem services and bioeconomy communities to forward both research areas in the context of sustainability science.

Art and higher education for environmental sustainability: a matter of emergence?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Heinrich ◽  
Lone Kørnøv
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Education For Sustainability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Purpose This study aims to contribute to the exploration of inter-disciplinary approaches in higher education for sustainability. It is a reflection on a case study linking students in the arts and sustainability science, through which the inter-disciplinary and problem-solving processes for solving a concrete sustainability challenge were explored. Design/methodology/approach The case study featured a workshop with students from two educational programmes at Aalborg University, namely, Art and Technology and Environmental Management and Sustainability Science, the latter being an engineering programme and the former part of the humanities. Experience evaluation was based on participant observation, written feedback and the workshop facilitators’ post-event reflections. Data analysis was based on multi-grounded theory, dialectically combining empirical data (through open coding) with relevant emergence theories. Notions of emergence were chosen because the supposed benefit of inter-disciplinarity is the emergence of novel solutions to complex problems. The study investigates the concrete conditions of emergence in educational inter-disciplinary settings. Findings The workshop led to a successful experience, bringing an art-based approach together with sustainability science for arriving at solutions that neither of the two would have arrived at separately. Based on participant experiences and realisations, five “emergence concepts” are suggested as supportive learning criteria and conditions, namely, “knowledge expansion”, “complementarity”, “disciplinary self-reflection”, “change of practice” and “play”. Originality/value The findings and emergence concepts can be an inspiration for creating an effective learning environment supporting the emergence of different forms of knowledge and solution concepts for solving sustainability challenges.

scholarly journals Technology: The classic Canadian dilemma—Short-term gain for long-term pain!

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Joseph D Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
New Product ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Technology Strategies

In a globally competitive world, innovation is an essential component of long-term success. For commodity industries in particular, global companies will dominate, with niche-market, nimble, small companies providing specialized products to select customers. Both will require technology. To survive in international markets, Canadian pulp and paper producers must develop integrated business and technology strategies to meet global competition from low-cost fibres and state-of-the-art mills. For competitive positioning, and for increased returns on investment, the mandatory progress in cost reduction must be balanced with revenue growth through new product innovations. Companies can leverage their limited resources through participation in the programs of a research institute. Paprican, as an example, provides access to broadly based technical skills in areas related to cost reduction, and environmental sustainability. At the same time, it delivers world-class, strategically driven research that enables new product design and development. For technologies related to public policy directives such as environmental performance or global warming initiatives, governments must participate as stakeholders in the solutions to their issues. Key words: pulp and paper industry, international competitiveness, research and development, research institutes, innovation, return on investment, multidisciplinary research, public policy

scholarly journals Competitividad y medio ambiente en la región centro de México

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-59
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Rocha Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Reference Framework ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Regional Development Policies

This work presents an analysis of the recent development of the federation entities that make up the central region of Mexico, considering indicators of urban and regional competitiveness, social indicators and environmental sustainability. The results state that economic growth in cities in the region has as a counterpart of greater competitiveness and standard of living, a negative impact on the local and regional urban environment. In this context, a reference framework for the development of regional development policies is proposed with a metropolitan and Megalopolitan perspective approach to reorient public policy strategies based on the articulation between economy, society and the environment.

scholarly journals ECO-EFFICIENCY IN BIDDING PROCESSES TO PURCHASE EVERYDAY SUPPLIES FOR THE BRAZILIAN FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Maraluce Maria Custódio ◽  
Marcio Luís De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
Operation And Management

Environmental sustainability in the Government’s daily self-management should be the subject of efficient public policies, especially in the management of public assets. In this sense, and through the deductive methodology, the article focuses on the analysis of the operation and management of public administration in dealing with the purchase of everyday equipment, in order to watch out the principles of environmental law and sustainable development, in accordance with bidding laws and eco-efficiency. Thus, the article discusses the steps of public policy and the guiding principles of public administration to pursue eco-efficient acts in its purchases of everyday items. In conclusion, the article attests the failure by the Brazilian federal government to observe the stages of public policy and the bidding legal principles on this matter.

5. Article 101 TFEU: Substantive Appraisal

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-276
Author(s):  
Alison Jones ◽  
Brenda Sufrin ◽  
Niamh Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the relationship between Article 101(1) and Article 101(3). It looks at the central question of which agreements, decisions and concerted practices have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition for the purposes of Article 101(1) and at the issue of which agreements are held to infringe Article 101(1) but meet the critera for exemption from the prohibition set out in Article 101(3). The chapter looks at the way in which the interpretation of ‘object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition’ has changed since the early days of EEC competition law and at the problems of identifying which agreements are restrictive by object and which restrictive by effect. It examines the recent and controversial case law on this matter and the difficulties which remain including the doctrine of ancillary restraints. It then focuses on the analysis of the effect of agreements which are not restrictive by object, including the concept of appreciability and the de minimis notice. The chapter then considers the matter of which restrictive agreements may neverthess escape the prohibition in Article 101(1) because they meet the criteria in Article 101(3) in that they improve the production or distribution of goods or the promotion of technical or economic progress, how this criterion is distinguished from the agreement not having restrictive effects that bring it within Article 101(1) in the first place, and whether the Article 101(3) criteria can encompass socio-political or public policy matters. The chapter considers the application of the Article 101(3) criteria, the shifting of the burden of proof between Article 101(1) and 101(3), and the existence and importance of block exemptions.

scholarly journals Impact of Institutional Rules on Policy Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Do Phu Hai
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Political System ◽  
Policy Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of institutional rules on policy performance based on the background of public policy science. The policy performance is possibly affected by the institutional rules of the political system in certain policy fields. The focus of this article is to analyse the interaction of institutional rules which was observed in EU and OECD states with specific elements of the political system. The research was done by the minimum configuration analysis of these restraint impact of institutional rules on policy performance to toward sustainable development which is interpreted by studying 16 policy fields grouping regarding economic, social and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Impactos Ambientais das Principais Atividades Econômicas nos Municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (35) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ayron Vinícius Pinheiro de Assunção ◽  
Daniel Massen Frainer ◽  
Michelle Da Rosa Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Public ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Este artigo tem por finalidade mostrar os impactos ambientais causados pelas principais atividades econômicas do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Nesse contexto, os estudos prospectivos irão demonstrar, identificar estratégias para o desenvolvimento de Mato Grosso do Sul para os estudos setoriais e regionais, que subsidiem o aprimoramento de políticas públicas auxiliando na elaboração de programas estratégicos de Governo, que levam em consideração as questões da sustentabilidade ambiental e indicadores de impacto. Dentro desse enfoque, a possibilidade a construção de indicadores para mensurar os impactos da atividade econômica sobre o meio ambiente e sobre a sociedade como um todo se torna relevante na discussão das políticas públicas. Além disso, os diagnósticos gerados pela construção de indicadores sintéticos permitem aos tomadores de decisão cenários prospectivos a respeito da sustentabilidade subsidiando o aprimoramento a avaliação e o monitoramento das políticas públicas e programas governamentais. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma abordagem de indicador agregativo para mensuração da sustentabilidade, que avaliou os resultados para os 79 municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul revelando quais as principais similaridades e pontos de atenção em relação à sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: Impactos Ambientais. Indicadores. Sustentabilidade Ambiental.AbstractThis article is intended to show the environmental impacts caused by the main economic activities of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In this context, the prospective studies will demonstrate, identify strategies for the Mato Grosso do Sul development to the sectoral and regional studies that support the public policy improvement by assisting in the preparation of strategic government programs which take into consideration the issues of environmental sustainability and impact indicators. Within this approach, the possibility of the construction of indicators for measuring the economic activity impacts on the environment and on society as a whole becomes relevant in the public policy discussion. In addition, the Diagnostics generated by the construction of synthetic indicators enable decision makers prospective scenarios regarding sustainability subsidizing the improvement to the evaluation and monitoring of public policies and government programs. To this end, an aggregative indicator was developed for measuring sustainability approach which evaluated the results for the 79 municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul revealing what the main similarities and points of attention are in relation to sustainability.Keywords: Environmental Impacts. Indicators. Environmental Sustainability.

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