Physical Attractiveness or Personal Achievements? Examining Gender Differences of Online Identity Reconstruction in Terms of Vanity

2018 ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Sameer Kumar ◽  
Chuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Identity Reconstruction

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Online Identity Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Sameer Kumar ◽  
Chuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Identity Reconstruction

The tremendous development of the Internet enables people to present themselves freely. Some people may reconstruct their identity on the Internet to build an online identity that is partly or even completely different from their real identity in the offline world. Given that research on online identity reconstruction is fragmented, it is important to evaluate the current state of the literature. In this paper, a review of literature related to online identity reconstruction was conducted. This study summarized the theoretical and methodological preferences of relevant research. In addition, it elaborated why and how people engage in online identity reconstruction. The predictors and effects of online identity reconstruction were also discussed. The results of this study provided an overview of the thematic patterns of existing research. This review also identified current research gaps and recommended possible directions for future studies.

LONELINESS AMONG GERMAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: SOME CORRELATES

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Lamm ◽  
Ekkehard Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Comparison Sample ◽  
German City

Students of education at a large West German city university (n 154) filled out the UCLA twenty-item loneliness questionnaire (revised version) and also responded to some additional questions. The scale proved satisfactory on various criteria. Average loneliness is very close to a US comparison sample, with no gender differences. (Details on individual items and on scale construction have been reported by the same authors in a German publication.) Significant correlations with self-rated shyness, social contact difficulty, and lack of physical attractiveness were found. No significant d4ffcrences between men and women were found on these correlations, though there was a trend towards higher coefficients among men.

Exploratory Investigation of Perceptions of Influences on Best-Friend Relationships

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Female Subjects

24 male and 24 female college undergraduates (aged 18 to 50 yr.) responded to close-ended and open-ended questions concerning a relationship with a male or female best friend. Subjects rated important variables derived from theory and previous attraction-friendship research. There was no evidence for gender differences except that “shared interests” and “stability of relationship” were more important for friendships with a male, and female subjects rated “boost each other's egos” as more important than males did. Physical attractiveness was more important for other-sex relationships than for same sex. Self-generated characteristics suggested important variables not included in social psychological literature.

Gender Differences in Characteristics Reported to Be Important Features of Physical Attractiveness

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine L. Pedersen ◽  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Carol J. Salusso
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Western State ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physically Attractive ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether characteristics of physical attractiveness named by respondents as important would differ from those attributes previously examined by researchers. Gender differences related to the identification of important characteristics of physical attractiveness were also explored. Subjects, 230 male and 240 female undergraduates at two western state universities, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Respondents agreed that body build was the characteristic of greatest importance for both physically attractive males and females. Other important characteristics for physically attractive males were eyes, face, height, and hair and for females, hair, face, and eyes. Other than body build, there was no consistent ranking of characteristics by male and female respondents.

Gender Differences in the Evaluation of Physical Attractiveness Ideals for Male and Female Body Builds

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1155-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol J. Salusso-Deonier ◽  
Nancy L. Markee ◽  
Elaine L. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Male Type ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
The Media

The purposes of this research were (1) to explore gender differences in the evaluation of physical attractiveness stimuli developed to represent commonly occurring real builds, (2) to identify observers' concepts of physical attractiveness ideals promoted by the media, and (3) to begin cross-validation of these stimuli as representations of observers' concepts of ideal physical attractiveness for male and female builds. Responses included (1) open-ended descriptions of ideal male and ideal female build, (2) ratings of relative attractiveness of 12 male and 15 female stimuli, (3) selections of stimulus types which best represented ideal builds, and (4) selections of stimulus types perceived to be promoted by the media. Analysis showed strong cross-validation among modes of response. Ideal male build included average/balanced type (small and medium), lean/broad-shouldered type (large), and muscular bulk type (medium). Ideal female body build included average/balanced type (small and medium) and lean/ broad-shouldered type (small and medium). Gender differences were in emphasis only. Women emphasized lean/broad-shouldered and average/balanced male types. Men emphasized the muscular bulk male type. Body types perceived to be media-promoted highlighted stereotypic male muscularity and female leanness.

Gender Differences in Body Image Are Increasing

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Feingold ◽  
Ronald Mazzella
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poor Body Image

It has been speculated that the prevalence of eating disorders in women has risen because of increases in women's body dissatisfaction. We conducted a meta-analysis of gender differences in attractiveness and body image using 222 studies from the past 50 years. The analysis shows dramatic increases in the numbers of women among individuals who have poor body image. Moreover, these trends were found across multiple conceptualizations of body image, including self-judgments of physical attractiveness.

scholarly journals Gender Biases and Discrimination while Hiring

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Nida Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Gender Stereotyping ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
Woman Candidate

In the employment market, hiring processes in the organisations are often considered to perpetuate gender equality. The discrimination prevails through implicit and in-group biases. During hiring decisions, marked gender differences in the hiring standards continue to exist for women and men. Counter balancing attempts, such as demonstrating agentic behaviour seem to have been unfavourable in receiving appreciations. Factors like „accumulation of advantage‟, „physical attractiveness‟ and so forth adds to the „threat‟ for the woman candidate. The article proposes that sustained and concrete processes need to be ensured that would defuse gender stereotyping, the latter being an outcome of the human tendency to carve the world into in-group and out-group. Two methods to neutralise gender biases while hiring are recommended in the concluding section.

scholarly journals Does Culture Matter? A Comparative Study on the Motivations for Online Identity Reconstruction Between China and Malaysia

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402092931
Author(s):  
Jiao Huang ◽  
Sameer Kumar ◽  
Chuan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Identity Reconstruction ◽  
Network Platform ◽  
Malaysian Chinese

On social network platforms, people may reconstruct an identity due to various reasons, such as vanity, disinhibition, bridging social capital, and privacy concerns. This study aims to identify cultural differences in the motivations for online identity reconstruction between China and Malaysia. Data were collected from China and Malaysia using an online survey. A total of 815 respondents (418 Chinese and 397 Malaysians) participated in this study. Differences were found not only between Chinese and Malaysian participants but also among participants from different ethnic groups (e.g., the Malaysian-Malays and the Malaysian-Chinese). This study adds knowledge to the research concerning online identity reconstruction by taking into account national culture. It also extends the cross-cultural research concerning social network platforms and sheds light on the specific differences between Chinese and Malaysian participants. The findings of this study can help service providers to deploy specific strategies to better serve social network platform users from different countries.

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