Study on the Impact on Drivers of Performance Difference Between Pure Electric and Conventional Fuel Bus

2020 ◽  
pp. 909-924
Author(s):  
Wei-hua Zhao ◽  
Kai-xi Yang ◽  
Yu-han Li ◽  
Chu-Na Wu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Fuel

Performance of Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers of English and Spanish on the Synthetic Sentence Identification Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Lopez ◽  
Frederick N. Martin ◽  
Linda M. Thibodeau
Keyword(s):  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
English Version ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Stimulus Sentence ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
The Impact

Differences in the performance of adults with normal hearing were evaluated on the English and Spanish versions of the Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) test in the ipsilateral competing message (ICM) format. Previous work has shown that bilingual subjects perform significantly better on the Spanish version of the SSI at a –30 dB message-to-competition ratio (MCR). The previous investigators attributed this difference in performance to the existence of a greater number of pauses in the competing message of the Spanish version compared to the English version. In the present study, seven bilingual speakers and ten monolingual speakers each of English and Spanish completed two conditions—the standard competing message (SC) and the competing message mixed with speech noise (SC+N)—in order to reduce or eliminate the effect of pauses on performance. Bilingual subjects’ scores in each language were not significantly different from monolingual subjects’ scores. Scores from bilinguals were significantly better in Spanish compared to English—even when speech noise was used to fill in the natural pauses present in the competing message at a –10 dB MCR. It is suggested that this performance difference may be a result of the unequal average number of syllables per stimulus sentence in the English and Spanish versions. However, further research will be needed to explore the impact that different language structures have on SSI performance.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Semantic Segmentation Models for Identification of Grape with Different Varieties

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Yun Peng ◽  
Aichen Wang ◽  
Jizhan Liu ◽  
Muhammad Faheem
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Enhancement Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Segmentation Models

Accurate fruit segmentation in images is the prerequisite and key step for precision agriculture. In this article, aiming at the segmentation of grape cluster with different varieties, 3 state-of-the-art semantic segmentation networks, i.e., Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), U-Net, and DeepLabv3+ applied on six different datasets were studied. We investigated: (1) the segmentation performance difference of the 3 studied networks; (2) The impact of different input representations on segmentation performance; (3) The effect of image enhancement method to improve the poor illumination of images and further improve the segmentation performance; (4) The impact of the distance between grape clusters and camera on segmentation performance. The experiment results show that compared with FCN and U-Net the DeepLabv3+ combined with transfer learning is more suitable for the task with an intersection over union (IoU) of 84.26%. Five different input representations, namely RGB, HSV, L*a*b, HHH, and YCrCb obtained different IoU, ranging from 81.5% to 88.44%. Among them, the L*a*b got the highest IoU. Besides, the adopted Histogram Equalization (HE) image enhancement method could improve the model’s robustness against poor illumination conditions. Through the HE preprocessing, the IoU of the enhanced dataset increased by 3.88%, from 84.26% to 88.14%. The distance between the target and camera also affects the segmentation performance, no matter in which dataset, the closer the distance, the better the segmentation performance was. In a word, the conclusion of this research provides some meaningful suggestions for the study of grape or other fruit segmentation.

scholarly journals An Audio Distortion Dynamic Range Index for Evaluating the Performance of Audio Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8022
Author(s):  
Desheng Wang ◽  
Yangjie Wei ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Measurement Condition ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
The Impact

The dynamic range (DR) index lacking of an official definition leads to ambiguities in performance evaluation. The existing measurement methods of DR do not always match with the various actual application conditions, and some detailed distortion behavior of the device under test (DUT) is not extracted. In this paper, a new index for evaluating the DR performance of audio systems is proposed and validated, herein referred to as the audio distortion dynamic range (ADDR). It reduces the uncertainty of measurement conditions by an explicit definition and unifies the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SINAD) indexes if under the same measurement condition. Moreover, to comprehensively reflect the impact of harmonic, spurious, and noise components on the DUT, the definitions of the traditional indexes based on classification of distorted components are replaced by the variable thresholds in the ADDR definition. Subsequently, the detailed steps of ADDR and the critical factors influencing its accuracy, are analyzed and then the optimized measurement conditions are given. Experiments based on simulated DUTs show the ADDR index can distinguish performance difference that the traditional indexes cannot distinguish, which proves it is an effective supplementary to the existing indexes in some real applications.

The impact of agency costs on the investment performance of Australian pension funds

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY D. F. COLEMAN ◽  
NEIL ESHO ◽  
MICHELLE WONG
Keyword(s):  
Agency Costs ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Investment Performance ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper evaluates the overall investment performance of Australian pension funds by examining the determinants of risk-adjusted performance, and the relationship between risk, returns, and expenses. Using quarterly return data for 225 pension funds comprising 68% of total prudentially regulated pension fund assets, we find significant differences exist across fund types. On both a net return and risk-adjusted performance basis, not-for-profit funds significantly outperformed for-profit funds over the seven years to June 2002. We suggest that the performance difference is consistent with the hypothesis that agency costs in for-profit funds (due to non-representative trustee board structures and potential board member conflicts of interest) are greater than agency costs in not-for-profit funds (with representative trustee boards).

scholarly journals Impact of People’s Movement on Wi-Fi Link Throughput in Indoor Propagation Environments: An Empirical Study

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 856
Author(s):  
Nurul I Sarkar ◽  
Osman Mussa ◽  
Sonia Gul
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Radio Propagation ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Indoor Propagation ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Wireless Protocols ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Area

There has been tremendous growth in the deployment of Wi-Fi 802.11-based networks in recent years. Many researchers have been investigating the performance of the Wi-Fi 802.11-based networks by exploring factors such as signal interference, radio propagation environments, and wireless protocols. However, exploring the effect of people's movement on the Wi-Fi link throughout the performance is still a potential area yet to be explored. This paper investigates the impact of people's movement on Wi-Fi link throughput. This is achieved by setting up experimental scenarios by using a pair of wireless laptops to file share where there is human movement between the two nodes. Wi-Fi link throughput is measured in an obstructed office block, laboratory, library, and suburban residential home environments. The collected data from the experimental study show that the performance difference between fixed and random human movement had an overall average of 2.21 ± 0.07 Mbps. Empirical results show that the impact of people's movement (fixed and random people movements) on Wi-Fi link throughput is insignificant. The findings reported in this paper provide some insights into the effect of human movement on Wi-Fi throughputs that can help network planners for the deployment of next generation Wi-Fi systems.

scholarly journals Recyclables Collection Route Balancing Problem with Heterogeneous Fleet

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7406
Author(s):  
Roger Książek ◽  
Katarzyna Gdowska ◽  
Antoni Korcyl
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Crew Rostering ◽  
Heterogeneous Fleet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Fuel

Nowadays, robust and efficient solid waste collection is crucial to motivate citizens to participate in the circular economy by sorting recyclable solid waste. Vocational vehicles, including garbage trucks, contribute significantly to CO2 emissions; therefore, it is strongly recommended, and in the European Union it is mandatory, to replace conventional-fuel-based garbage trucks with electric ones. For providing sustainable and energy-efficient solid waste collection with a heterogeneous fleet, in-depth mathematical computations are needed to support solving complex decision-making problems, including crew rostering and vehicle routing, because the distance and capacity of electric garbage trucks differ from conventional-fuel-based ones. However, the literature on solid waste collection using electric garbage trucks is still relatively scarce. The main contribution of this paper is developing an optimization problem for balancing travel distance assigned to each garbage truck of a heterogeneous fleet. The problem is based on specific requirements of the Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cracow, Poland, where the working time of routes is balanced and the total time of collection service can be minimized. For the problem, an MIP program was developed to generate optimal crew schedules, so that the hitherto network of segregated solid waste pickup nodes can be served using a heterogeneous fleet in which the share of electric garbage trucks is up to 30%. We study the impact of the changed composition of the fleet on modifications in crew rostering due to the shorter range of an electric vehicle compared to a conventional-fuel-based one.

scholarly journals The Impact of Container Virtualization on Network Performance of IoT Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwoon Lee ◽  
Youngpil Kim ◽  
Chuck Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Device Management ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact

Container-based virtualization offers advantages such as high performance, resource efficiency, and agile environment. These advantages make Internet of Things (IoT) device management easy. Although container-based virtualization has already been introduced to IoT devices, the different network modes of containers and their performance issues have not been addressed. Since the network performance is an important factor in IoT, the analysis of the container network performance is essential. In this study, we analyze the network performance of containers on an IoT device, Raspberry Pi 3. The results show that the network performance of containers is lower than that of the native Linux, with an average performance difference of 6% and 18% for TCP and UDP, respectively. In addition, the network performance of containers varies depending on the network mode. When a single container runs, bridge mode achieves higher performance than host mode by 25% while host mode shows better performance than bridge mode by 45% in the multicontainer environment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Material Performance According to the Cooling Method of Fire Damaged Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Hyun Kang ◽  
Oh Sang Kweon
Keyword(s):  
Air Cooling ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Residual Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Cooling Methods

In this study, material performance was analyzed depending on the cooling method of concrete damaged by fire. Various non-destructive and destructive tests were conducted for material performance analysis. Further, the influence of cooling methods was assessed according to each test. As a result of the evaluation, it was confirmed that the residual performance of the concrete was significantly different according to the cooling method (air cooling and water cooling), and the performance difference according to the cooling method was also observed depending on the exposure temperature. Through this study, it was possible to understand the impact of water used in firefighting on fire-damaged RC structures, and it is deemed necessary to further study various concrete mixing models.

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