Assessment of the Impact of Changes in Storm Rainfall and Landscape Characteristics on the Maximum Flow of Small Rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Vitali Ilinich ◽  
Aleksey Perminov ◽  
Aleksandr Belolybcev ◽  
Anna Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Storm Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of climatic characteristics and landscape changes on the maximum flow of small watersheds

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1228-1235
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Ilinich ◽  
Aleksey V. Perminov ◽  
Anna A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Catchments

Introduction. The article dedicated to safety of hydraulic structures in small catchments. The research consists in the development of a methodology for assessment of influence of climatic and landscape changes on the maximum flow which determins sizes for the construction elements. The practical significance is due to the assessment of changes in the reliability of hydraulic structures, as well as the degree of potential flooding of territories and soil erosion during rain floods. In scientific terms, the practical significance lies in the justification of changes in the parameters of the formula for the maximum flow calculating. The main goal of the study was to test hypotheses about an increase in the intensity of storm rainfalls and of changes in landscape characteristics during recent decades. Accordingly the next problems were desided: assessment the increase in the daily maximums of precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades; as well as assessing the degree of influence of the above factors on the increase in the maximum water. Materials and methods. The data of the network weather station and the landscape characteristics of the catchment area served as the research materials. Methods of statistical analysis and geoinformation technologies were used as research methods. Results. The main results of the research were the characteristics of the increase in maximum daily precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades and the characteristics of their influence on the increase in maximum water flow, obtained on the base of probability theory and of the surface flow theory. Conclusions. A confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for assessing changes in the climatic and landscape characteristics of catchments and their impact on the flood maximums. The hydraulic structures built both in the second half of the twentieth century on small catchments, and in subsequent years when using existing building regulations that do not have proper updating have lost their original reliability.

ASSESSMENT OF HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ŠUŠVĖ RIVER

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gražina ŽIBIENĖ ◽  
Alvydas ŽIBAS ◽  
Goda BLAŽAITYTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Hydrologic Alteration ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Floods

The construction of dams in rivers negatively affects ecosystems because dams violate the continuity of rivers, transform the biological and physical structure of the river channels, and the most importantly – alter the hydrological regime. The impact on the hydrology of the river can occur through reducing or increasing flows, altering seasonality of flows, changing the frequency, duration and timing of flow events, etc. In order to determine the extent of the mentioned changes, The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software was used in this paper. The results showed that after the construction of Angiriai dam, such changes occurred in IHA Parameters group as: the water conditions of April month decreased by 31 %; 1-day, 3-days, 7-days and 30-days maximum flow decreased; the date of minimum flow occurred 21 days later; duration of high and low pulses and the frequency of low pulses decreased, but the frequency of high pulses increased, etc. The analysis of the Environmental Flow Components showed, that the essential differences were recorded in groups of the small and large floods, when, after the establishment of the Šušvė Reservoir, the large floods no longer took place and the probability of frequency of the small floods didn’t exceed 1 time per year.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Tool for Assessing the Impact of Land Use Change Scenarios on Flood Risk in Small-Scale River Systems—Part 1: Pre-Processing of Scenario Based Flood Characteristics for the Current State of Land Use

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Frauke Kachholz ◽  
Jens Tränckner
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

Land use changes influence the water balance and often increase surface runoff. The resulting impacts on river flow, water level, and flood should be identified beforehand in the phase of spatial planning. In two consecutive papers, we develop a model-based decision support system for quantifying the hydrological and stream hydraulic impacts of land use changes. Part 1 presents the semi-automatic set-up of physically based hydrological and hydraulic models on the basis of geodata analysis for the current state. Appropriate hydrological model parameters for ungauged catchments are derived by a transfer from a calibrated model. In the regarded lowland river basins, parameters of surface and groundwater inflow turned out to be particularly important. While the calibration delivers very good to good model results for flow (Evol =2.4%, R = 0.84, NSE = 0.84), the model performance is good to satisfactory (Evol = −9.6%, R = 0.88, NSE = 0.59) in a different river system parametrized with the transfer procedure. After transferring the concept to a larger area with various small rivers, the current state is analyzed by running simulations based on statistical rainfall scenarios. Results include watercourse section-specific capacities and excess volumes in case of flooding. The developed approach can relatively quickly generate physically reliable and spatially high-resolution results. Part 2 builds on the data generated in part 1 and presents the subsequent approach to assess hydrologic/hydrodynamic impacts of potential land use changes.

The Impact of Rural Finance on Rural Economic Development from the Perspective of Efficiency of Discrete Differential Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 4358-4365
Author(s):  
Mingxu Peng ◽  
Jiawen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Finance is the core of the national economy. The development of modern rural economy is inseparable from financial support. The relationship between finance and economic growth has always been one of the hot topics in theoretical research and empirical analysis. Methods: Under the background of the development of Internet e-commerce, the maximum flow algorithm was based on the empirical research on the relationship between China’s financial development and economic growth. Results: Based on this, the two-element discrete choice model of Probit and Logistic for economic growth was constructed. Discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to estimate the parameters of the model. The significant degree of the influence factors was calculated. Conclusion: Finally, it was calculated that concurrent business was the decisive factor of economic growth.

Changes in Ecosystems of Bodies of Water Resulting from of the Aaggregates Extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
S.S. Uskova
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Downstream Flow ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Capacity

The evaluation issues on the aggregate’s extraction on the ecosystem of bodies of water has been considered. The dredgers' impact of various capacities on bodies of water of different capacities have been compared, as well as on food supply change of bodies of water for benthos eater. The research findings have showed the dragger's impact of a higher capacity is bigger on a large body of water than this of a lower capacity on a small body of water. The impact manifests itself in decreasing the number and biomass of macrozoobenthos in the area used for the oil and lubricants extraction and the downstream flow. It has been found that the complete destruction of macrozoobenthos at the site of hydraulic engineering activities has not been detected either in small rivers or in large reservoirs.

scholarly journals Impact of Mine Panel Size on Hydraulic Permeability of Weakly Cemented Strata

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2396
Author(s):  
Gangwei Fan ◽  
Shizhong Zhang ◽  
Bobo Cao ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Chengguo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Hydraulic Permeability ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Panel Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overlying Strata

The effect of underground coal mining on groundwater, ranging from minimal to severe depending on the mined-out panel size, is primarily associated with the change in ground hydraulic permeability. This paper presents a novel panel design method, taking consideration of reducing water loss during the mining operation, which is based on evaluating and ranking the impact of panel size on the hydraulic permeability of weakly cemented strata. The permeability test results of weakly cemented rock samples collected in the Yili No.4 Coal Mine in Xinjiang, China strongly indicates that, in contrast to common rock, their post-peak permeability during the total stress–strain process is lower than the initial permeability due to high porosity and the presence of clay minerals. A numerical modeling based on strain–permeability functions reveals that the post-mining permeability distribution in the weakly cemented overlying strata could be subdivided into three zones: the permeability reduction zone, the permeability restoring zone, and the permeability high-increment zone. The impact significance of different size factors on the post-mining permeability of overlying strata can be ranked in decreasing order as follows: mining height, panel width, and panel length, the quantification of which was based on the variance analysis of such indices as maximum pore pressure and maximum flow velocity. Based on the above findings, the optimal size of panel 21103 in the Yili No.4 Coal Mine was determined and validated by water level field observations.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Impact of Field and Image Registration Errors through Spatial Aggregation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hogland ◽  
David L.R. Affleck
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Spatial Aggregation ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Registration Errors ◽  
Spatial Registration ◽  
The Impact

Remotely sensed data are commonly used as predictor variables in spatially explicit models depicting landscape characteristics of interest (response) across broad extents, at relatively fine resolution. To create these models, variables are spatially registered to a known coordinate system and used to link responses with predictor variable values. Inherently, this linking process introduces measurement error into the response and predictors, which in the latter case causes attenuation bias. Through simulations, our findings indicate that the spatial correlation of response and predictor variables and their corresponding spatial registration (co-registration) errors can have a substantial impact on the bias and accuracy of linear models. Additionally, in this study we evaluate spatial aggregation as a mechanism to minimize the impact of co-registration errors, assess the impact of subsampling within the extent of sample units, and provide a technique that can be used to both determine the extent of an observational unit needed to minimize the impact of co-registration and quantify the amount of error potentially introduced into predictive models.

A Scoping Review of the Impact on Children of the Built Environment Design Characteristics of Healing Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
H. Gaminiesfahani ◽  
M. Lozanovska ◽  
R. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This article elucidates current understanding in pediatric healthcare building design via scoping review of research on the impacts on the health and well-being of children of the architectural and landscape characteristics of healing spaces. Background: Studies indicate that patients’ phenomenological experiences of the built environment characteristics of healthcare buildings can impact their healing and well-being. It follows that understanding the healing effects of landscape and architecture can inform the design of healthcare settings for increased health benefits. Method: This method comprises five search stages: (1) research question is formed; (2) key words, search terms, and search strategy are identified; (3) databases are searched, and papers are assessed via inclusion and exclusion criteria; (4) information of the selected articles is extracted and summarized; and (5) key findings are interpreted and reported via comparative tabulation. Results: One hundred seventy-three papers were found during the first search stage. After screening and evaluating for relevance and quality, 13 articles were selected for study. Analysis indicates that the built environment characteristics of pediatric healthcare environments that have healing benefits include access to nature, music, art and natural light, reduced crowding, reduced noise, and soft, cyclical, and user-controlled artificial lighting. Conclusions: While it is important to understand the design variables that influence pediatric healthcare, it is also necessary to contextualize them and to distinguish these variables from each other and appreciate their interaction. In other words, a more rounded understanding of these variables is required via research so that their individual and combined impacts are reflected in holistic design recommendations.

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