scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of climatic characteristics and landscape changes on the maximum flow of small watersheds

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1228-1235
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Ilinich ◽  
Aleksey V. Perminov ◽  
Anna A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small Catchments

Introduction. The article dedicated to safety of hydraulic structures in small catchments. The research consists in the development of a methodology for assessment of influence of climatic and landscape changes on the maximum flow which determins sizes for the construction elements. The practical significance is due to the assessment of changes in the reliability of hydraulic structures, as well as the degree of potential flooding of territories and soil erosion during rain floods. In scientific terms, the practical significance lies in the justification of changes in the parameters of the formula for the maximum flow calculating. The main goal of the study was to test hypotheses about an increase in the intensity of storm rainfalls and of changes in landscape characteristics during recent decades. Accordingly the next problems were desided: assessment the increase in the daily maximums of precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades; as well as assessing the degree of influence of the above factors on the increase in the maximum water. Materials and methods. The data of the network weather station and the landscape characteristics of the catchment area served as the research materials. Methods of statistical analysis and geoinformation technologies were used as research methods. Results. The main results of the research were the characteristics of the increase in maximum daily precipitation and landscape changes over the past decades and the characteristics of their influence on the increase in maximum water flow, obtained on the base of probability theory and of the surface flow theory. Conclusions. A confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for assessing changes in the climatic and landscape characteristics of catchments and their impact on the flood maximums. The hydraulic structures built both in the second half of the twentieth century on small catchments, and in subsequent years when using existing building regulations that do not have proper updating have lost their original reliability.

scholarly journals Specificities of Communication in Children with Intellectual Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-609
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Zashchirinskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Theoretical Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Psychological Influence ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of communication in children with intellectual disabilities. Background: The study of the specificities of communication in children with intellectual disabilities has become more and more relevant in the past few years. Method: The methodological basis of this study was the combination of various theoretical methods of cognition. Results: In the process of writing this work, the author studied the techniques of verbal and non-verbal communication. The works of Russian and foreign authors, as well as methods of improving communication in children with intellectual disabilities, were considered. It was found that the impact of intellectual disabilities with mild mental retardation on the cognitive, behavioural and emotional-personal spheres of the communicative process naturally entails the emergence of serious difficulties in establishing contacts with people around, and therefore in the process of social adaptation of the child in general. Conclusion: The practical significance of this work lies in the study of the characteristics of communication in children with intellectual disabilities, which will be useful for psychologists, teachers and medical workers. The study and research of this topic will provide further opportunities for the development of a program of psychological influence to optimise communication for children with intellectual disabilities and their adaptation in society.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF CHANGES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTREME HEAVY RAINS ON THE RELIABILITY OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
N. P. KARPENKO ◽  
◽  
A. A. NAUMOVA ◽  
V. V. ILJINICH
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The Impact

The article on the observations of weather stations in the south-west of the Chernozem (Black Earth) zone of Russia checks the main hypothesis about the increase in the maximum daily precipitation which is the basis for calculating the maximum water consumption when designing reservoirs of hydraulic structures on small catchments. Statistical calculations showed a clear regional trend towards an increase in the maximum daily precipitation over time. Studies have confirmed a significant asymmetry in the distribution of their values, the ratio between the coefficients of asymmetry and variation ranges from 2 to 5. It isnoted that there is currently no sufficiently accurate method for determining the coefficients of asymmetry, therefore, approaches to their expert assessment have been proposed. It isrecommended to estimate the normative values of the maximum daily precipitation for erosion calculations using empirical probability curves. Thus, in the current regulatory documents intended for the design of hydraulic structures, there are shortcomings in the methods for determining hydro meteorological characteristics which leads to a decrease in their operational reliability during the passage of dangerous rain floods. The necessity of appropriate updating of the existing regulatory documents is substantiated.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

ASSESSMENT OF HYDROLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ŠUŠVĖ RIVER

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gražina ŽIBIENĖ ◽  
Alvydas ŽIBAS ◽  
Goda BLAŽAITYTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Hydrologic Alteration ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Flow Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Floods

The construction of dams in rivers negatively affects ecosystems because dams violate the continuity of rivers, transform the biological and physical structure of the river channels, and the most importantly – alter the hydrological regime. The impact on the hydrology of the river can occur through reducing or increasing flows, altering seasonality of flows, changing the frequency, duration and timing of flow events, etc. In order to determine the extent of the mentioned changes, The Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) software was used in this paper. The results showed that after the construction of Angiriai dam, such changes occurred in IHA Parameters group as: the water conditions of April month decreased by 31 %; 1-day, 3-days, 7-days and 30-days maximum flow decreased; the date of minimum flow occurred 21 days later; duration of high and low pulses and the frequency of low pulses decreased, but the frequency of high pulses increased, etc. The analysis of the Environmental Flow Components showed, that the essential differences were recorded in groups of the small and large floods, when, after the establishment of the Šušvė Reservoir, the large floods no longer took place and the probability of frequency of the small floods didn’t exceed 1 time per year.

Overseas Development Administration. A Guide to Social Analysis for Projects in Developing Countries. London: HMSO. 1995. viii+248 pages. Hardbound. £18.95.

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overseas Development

This book, hereinafter referred to as the Guide, has been developed for those social analysts (e.g., anthropologists, sociologists, and human geographers) who have had little or no practical experience in applying their knowledge as development practitioners. In the past, development projects would be analysed from a narrow financial and economic perspective. But with the evolution of thinking on development, this narrow financial and economic aspect has now been broadened to include the impact on society as the very meaning of development has now come to symbolise social change. Thus, development is not restricted only to plans and figures; the human environment in its entirety is now considered for analysis while designing and implementing development projects.

The Impact of War on Population Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Turkan Ahmet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Impact

The past few decades of ongoing war in Iraq has had a dramatic impact on the health of Iraq’s population. Wars are known to have negative effects on the social and physical environments of individuals, as well as limit their access to the available health care services. This paper explores the personal experiences of my family members, who were exposed to war, as well as includes information that has been reviewed form many academic sources. The data aided in providing recommendations and developing strategies, on both local and international levels, to improve the health status of the populations exposed to war.

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