Investigation of Low Cost Eye Tracker and EEG for Objectively Assessing Vigilance Level

IRC-SET 2018 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Yuqing Xue ◽  
Wenjing Tan ◽  
Jia Ning Shermaine Ang ◽  
Aung Phyo Wai Aung
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Eye Tracker

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Measuring the Spatial Noise of a Low-Cost Eye Tracker to Enhance Fixation Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien Ooms ◽  
Vassilios Krassanakis
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Artificial Eye ◽  
Fixation Detection ◽  
Spatial Noise ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
Real Test ◽  
Selection Of

The present study evaluates the quality of gaze data produced by a low-cost eye tracker (The Eye Tribe©, The Eye Tribe, Copenhagen, Denmark) in order to verify its suitability for the performance of scientific research. An integrated methodological framework, based on artificial eye measurements and human eye tracking data, is proposed towards the implementation of the experimental process. The obtained results are used to remove the modeled noise through manual filtering and when detecting samples (fixations). The outcomes aim to serve as a robust reference for the verification of the validity of low-cost solutions, as well as a guide for the selection of appropriate fixation parameters towards the analysis of experimental data based on the used low-cost device. The results show higher deviation values for the real test persons in comparison to the artificial eyes, but these are still acceptable to be used in a scientific setting.

A Low-Cost Head Supported Eye Tracker with High Precision

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Jie Chun Chen ◽  
Shi Quan Ma ◽  
Li Ping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maximal Average

This paper discusses a low cost head-supported eye tracker. To measure the coordinates associated with a subjects gaze point fallen on a monitor, the subject places his head on a head support and keeps his head fixed. Meanwhile, a camera is used to capture images of the subjects left or right eye. The subjects gaze point fallen on a monitor can be determined according to the relative position of the pupil and glint in an eye image. This paper presents not only the principle of this eye tracker, but also the methods used to detect the pupil and glint in an eye image. At last, this paper presents some experimental results, and the experimental results show that the maximal average error of the experimental apparatus is 15 pixels or 0.4 in degrees.

scholarly journals Is the low-cost EyeTribe eye tracker any good for research?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Dalmaijer
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
High Quality Video ◽  
Tracking Technology

Eye-tracking technology is becoming increasingly cheaper, both on the hardware and on the software front. Currently, the EyeTribe tracker is the most inexpensive commercial eye tracker in the world, at a price of $99. The low costs make it a potentially interesting resource for research, but no objective testing of its quality has been performed yet. Here the EyeTribe tracker is compared with an EyeLink 1000, a high-quality video eye tracker. Results indicate that the spatial precision and accuracy are good enough for fixation checking, point-of-regard analyses, and pupilometry. However, the low sampling rate renders the device unsuitable for testing high-accuracy saccade metrics. Additionally, open-source toolboxes for Matlab and Python, and a plug-in for OpenSesame are presented, which can be used to interface with the EyeTribe tracker.

scholarly journals Eye-tracking Analysis of Interactive 3D Geovisualization

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Herman ◽  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Vendula Hejlova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Virtual Camera ◽  
Interactive 3D Models ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
3D Scene

This paper describes a new tool for eye-tracking data and their analysis with the use of interactive 3D models. This tool helps to analyse interactive 3D models easier than by time-consuming, frame-by-frame investigation of captured screen recordings with superimposed scanpaths. The main function of this tool, called 3DgazeR, is to calculate 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z coordinates of the 3D scene) for individual points of view. These 3D coordinates can be calculated from the values of the position and orientation of a virtual camera and the 2D coordinates of the gaze upon the screen. The functionality of 3DgazeR is introduced in a case study example using Digital Elevation Models as stimuli. The purpose of the case study was to verify the functionality of the tool and discover the most suitable visualization methods for geographic 3D models. Five selected methods are presented in the results section of the paper. Most of the output was created in a Geographic Information System. 3DgazeR works with generic CSV files, SMI eye-tracker, and the low-cost EyeTribe tracker connected with open source application OGAMA. It can compute 3D coordinates from raw data and fixations.

scholarly journals Accuracy and precision of fixation locations recorded with the low-cost Eye Tribe tracker in different experimental set-ups

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien Ooms ◽  
Lien Dupont ◽  
Lieselot Lapon ◽  
Stanislav Popelka
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Fixation Locations ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Tracking Devices ◽  
Selection Of

This article compares the accuracy and precision of the low-cost Eye Tribe tracker and a well-established comparable eye tracker: SMI RED 250. Participants were instructed to fixate on predefined point locations on a screen. The accuracy is measured by the distance between the recorded fixation locations and the actual location. Precision is represented by the standard deviation of these measurements. Furthermore, the temporal precision of both eye tracking devices (sampling rate) is evaluated as well. The obtained results illustrate that a correct set-up and selection of software to record and process the data are of utmost importance to obtain acceptable results with the low-cost device. Nevertheless, with careful selections in each of these steps, the quality (accuracy and precision) of the recorded data can be considered comparable.

scholarly journals Student’s Reading of Thematic Maps from Czech School World Atlas – an Eye-tracking Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Marketa Beitlova ◽  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Vit Vozenilek
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
School Students ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Cartographic Visualization ◽  
The One

Abstract. According to the cartographic communication models, the map is intended as a product which helps people to understand the world. Usually, the first systematic cartographic product which pupils and students met in their lives is a school world atlas. In the Czech Republic, these atlases are used in almost every geography lesson. Thus, school atlases should be understandable, well-arranged, intelligible and easy to use by students. However, almost no empirical studies focused on this type of product exist.This presentation summarizes the results of the experiment, where the task was to find some object on the thematic map. The research aimed on two main issues: if the students are able to read thematic maps from school world atlas (Q1) and if the used cartographic visualization methods are properly selected (Q2).For finding answers to these research questions, the eye-tracking study conducted on 30 grammar school students was performed. This study contained ten tasks on the thematic world maps from the Czech school world atlas. Depending on the type of information displayed, visualization method and legend style, the tasks were formulated for each map. Eyemovement data were recorded using low-cost GazePoint eye-tracker with sampling frequency of 60 Hz. The first research question – if students can work with the thematic maps from school world atlas – was analysed using the correctness of answers and Trial Duration – the metric that shows how much time respondents needed to find the answer. For answering the second research question – if the cartographic methods used in the atlas are understandable –qualitative data visualization methods were used.At the beginning of the recorded data analysis, the correctness of answers and trial duration was ïnvestigated. These results helped us to find out, how the students were able to read the maps, if their answers were correct and how much time they needed for task solving. The results showed that generally, the students could read thematic maps (Q1). The most problematic task was the one where students had to estimate the pie-chart value according to the logarithmic scale.In the next step, the behaviour of students while solving each task was qualitatively described and problematic cartographic visualization methods were identified (Q2). For example, in some cases, used symbols were difficult to distinguish. The most serious problems were in the task, where students had to estimate the value of the bar chart. The scale of the legend was designed so that one millimetre of the bar corresponds to 50 million USD of export volume. This cartographic method was hard to understand for the students.The conducted eye-tracking study pointed out to maps where the cartographic methods were misused and caused problems to the students. The results might help the cartographers and map publishers who can modify the maps to be more understandable for the readers.

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