Muscle strength and body composition as determinants of blood pressure in young men

This study aimed to determine which of four selected physical fitness variables, would be most associated with blood pressure changes (systolic and diastolic) in a large sample of adolescents. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional, epidemiological study of 1,117 adolescents aged 14–19 years from southern Brazil. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by a digital pressure device, and the selected physical fitness variables were body composition (body mass index), flexibility (sit-and-reach test), muscle strength/resistance (manual dynamometer), and aerobic fitness (Modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test). Simple and multiple linear regression analyses revealed that aerobic fitness and muscle strength/resistance best explained variations in systolic blood pressure for boys (17.3% and 7.4% of variance) and girls (7.4% of variance). Aerobic fitness, body composition, and muscle strength/resistance are all important indicators of blood pressure control, but aerobic fitness was a stronger predictor of systolic blood pressure in boys and of diastolic blood pressure in both sexes.

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Positive Improvements on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Older Adults Consuming the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Containing Beef (OR18-01-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz028.or18-01-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cydne Perry ◽

Gary Van Guilder

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Body Fat ◽

Time Effects ◽

Dash Diet ◽

Lean Beef

Abstract Objectives To determine the effect of beef consumption as a part of the DASH diet on measures of anthropometric and muscle health in adults 65 and older. Methods Twenty-eight older adults were randomly assigned to consume either 3 oz. (n = 14) or 6 oz. (n = 14) of fresh, lean beef as a part of the DASH diet for 12-wks. Anthropometrics and muscle strength were measured at wks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 throughout the study. The seven-day cyclical DASH menu contained fresh lean beef. Other red meats, poultry and seafood were excluded. Breakfast, lunch and dinner were provided every day for 12-wks and all food items were purchased, prepared and weighed to the nearest gram by the research staff. The portions of beef were evenly distributed throughout each meal provided every day. Results Changes in body composition and muscle strength were observed during the 12-wk study regardless of beef intake. Significant time effects were detected for: body weight (P < 0.001); BMI (P < 0.001); waist circumference (P < 0.001); hip circumference (P < 0.001); %body fat (P < 0.001); absolute fat mass (P < 0.001); systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001); and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) such that a decrease was observed over the 12-wk intervention. Time effects were detected for sit-to-stand (P < 0.001) such that an increase was observed over the 12-wk intervention. Body weight decreased (P = 0.001) by 6.7% from baseline (90 kg) to study-end (84 kg); BMI decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (31.2) to study-end (29.4); waist circumference decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (98.1 cm) to study-end (94.4 cm); %body fat decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (36.1%) to study-end (34.2%); absolute fat mass decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (33.1 kg) to study-end (29.4 kg); systolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (134 mmHg) to study-end (118 mmHg). Handgrip strength and REE were well-maintained (P > 0.05) despite the weight loss. Of the obese participants, 33% were overweight and 29% of the overweight participants were normal weight by study-end. Conclusions The results of this highly-controlled dietary intervention study indicate that daily consumption of high-quality protein as a part of the DASH diet positively influences body composition and muscle strength in older adults. These results also suggest that beef can be included in healthy dietary patterns. Funding Sources South Dakota Beef Industry Council.

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EFFECTS OF CALORIC RESTRICTION WITH OR WITHOUT RESISTANCE TRAINING IN DYNAPENIC-OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE MENOPAUSAL WOMEN: A MONET STUDY

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2015.54 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

E. NORMANDIN ◽

M. SÉNÉCHAL ◽

D. PRUD’HOMME ◽

R. RABASA-LHORET ◽

M. BROCHU

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Glucose Disposal ◽

Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

The Impact

Objective: The dynapenic (DYN)-obese phenotype is associated with an impaired metabolic profile. However, there is a lack of evidences regarding the effect of lifestyle interventions on the metabolic profile of individual with dynapenic phenotype. The objective was to investigate the impact of caloric restriction (CR) with or without resistance training (RT) on body composition, metabolic profile and muscle strength in DYN and non-dynapenic (NDYN) overweight and obese menopausal women. Design: 109 obese menopausal women (age 57.9 ± 9.0 yrs; BMI 32.1 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were randomized to a 6-month CR intervention with or without a RT program. Participants were categorized as DYN or NDYN based on the lowest tertile of relative muscle strength in our cohort (< 4.86 kg/BMI). Measurements: Body composition was measured by DXA, body fat distribution by CT scan, glucose homeostasis at fasting state and during an euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, fasting lipids, resting blood pressure, fasting inflammation markers and maximal muscle strength. Results: No difference was observed between groups at baseline for body composition and the metabolic profile. Overall, a treatment effect was observed for all variables of body composition and some variables of the metabolic profile (fasting insulin, glucose disposal, triglyceride levels, triglycerides/HDL-Chol ratio and resting diastolic blood pressure) (P between 0.05 and 0.001). No Group X Treatment interaction was observed for variables of body composition and the metabolic profile. However, an interaction was observed for muscle strength; which significantly improved more in the CR+RT NDYN group (all P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, dynapenia was not associated with a worse metabolic profile at baseline in overweight and obese menopausal women. DYN and NDYN menopausal women showed similar cardiometabolic benefit from CR or CR+RT interventions. However, our results showed that the addition of RT to CR was more effective in improving maximal strength in DYN and NDYN obese menopausal women.

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Effects of a 4 week touch rugby and self-paced interval running intervention on health markers in active young men

Sport Sciences for Health ◽

10.1007/s11332-020-00636-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 635-643

Author(s):

Nick Dobbin ◽

Daniel Bloyce ◽

Stephen Fȏn Hughes ◽

Craig Twist

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Sport Activity ◽

Team Sports ◽

Young Men ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Inflammatory Status

Abstract Background Modified team sport activity has been proposed as effective exercise modality for promoting markers of health that are comparable or greater than continuous forms of activity. However, research using modified team sports is currently limited to sedentary populations using 2–3 sessions across a minimum of 8 weeks. Aim To investigate the effects of a 4-week touch rugby and self-paced interval running intervention on a range of health markers in active men. Methods Sixteen participants (age 26.4 ± 6.4 years) were matched for age, demographic and physical activity before completing a single touch rugby (n = 8) or running (n = 8) session per week for 4 weeks. Measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate (RHR), body composition and biochemical status were recorded pre- and post-intervention. Results ANCOVA analysis revealed between-group differences for impedance (P = 0.027), fat mass (P = 0.008), percentage body fat (P = 0.008) and fat-free mass (P = 0.002), with greater changes after touch rugby. Systolic blood pressure decreased for both groups with greater reductions observed after touch rugby (P = 0.002). No between-group difference was observed for RHR, interleukin-6 or C-reactive protein (P > 0.05). Contrasting internal, external and perceptual loads were observed. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that a single session of touch rugby over a 4-week period elicited greater improvements in body composition and SBP than self-paced running, with both being equally beneficial for improving RHR, diastolic blood pressure and inflammatory status in active young men.

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