scholarly journals Positive Improvements on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Older Adults Consuming the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Containing Beef (OR18-01-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cydne Perry ◽  
Gary Van Guilder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Time Effects ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Lean Beef

Abstract Objectives To determine the effect of beef consumption as a part of the DASH diet on measures of anthropometric and muscle health in adults 65 and older. Methods Twenty-eight older adults were randomly assigned to consume either 3 oz. (n = 14) or 6 oz. (n = 14) of fresh, lean beef as a part of the DASH diet for 12-wks. Anthropometrics and muscle strength were measured at wks 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 throughout the study. The seven-day cyclical DASH menu contained fresh lean beef. Other red meats, poultry and seafood were excluded. Breakfast, lunch and dinner were provided every day for 12-wks and all food items were purchased, prepared and weighed to the nearest gram by the research staff. The portions of beef were evenly distributed throughout each meal provided every day. Results Changes in body composition and muscle strength were observed during the 12-wk study regardless of beef intake. Significant time effects were detected for: body weight (P < 0.001); BMI (P < 0.001); waist circumference (P < 0.001); hip circumference (P < 0.001); %body fat (P < 0.001); absolute fat mass (P < 0.001); systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001); and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) such that a decrease was observed over the 12-wk intervention. Time effects were detected for sit-to-stand (P < 0.001) such that an increase was observed over the 12-wk intervention. Body weight decreased (P = 0.001) by 6.7% from baseline (90 kg) to study-end (84 kg); BMI decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (31.2) to study-end (29.4); waist circumference decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (98.1 cm) to study-end (94.4 cm); %body fat decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (36.1%) to study-end (34.2%); absolute fat mass decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (33.1 kg) to study-end (29.4 kg); systolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.001) from baseline (134 mmHg) to study-end (118 mmHg). Handgrip strength and REE were well-maintained (P > 0.05) despite the weight loss. Of the obese participants, 33% were overweight and 29% of the overweight participants were normal weight by study-end. Conclusions The results of this highly-controlled dietary intervention study indicate that daily consumption of high-quality protein as a part of the DASH diet positively influences body composition and muscle strength in older adults. These results also suggest that beef can be included in healthy dietary patterns. Funding Sources South Dakota Beef Industry Council.

scholarly journals Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with physical activity and time in bed: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in the PREDIMED-Plus study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina M. Galmes-Panades ◽  
Veronica Varela-Mato ◽  
Jadwiga Konieczna ◽  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martínez-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Time In Bed

Abstract Background This study explored the association between inactive time and measures of adiposity, clinical parameters, obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome components. It further examined the impact of reallocating inactive time to time in bed, light physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on cardio-metabolic risk factors, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2189 Caucasian men and women (age 55–75 years, BMI 27–40 Kg/m2) from the PREDIMED-Plus study (http://www.predimedplus.com/). All participants had ≥3 components of the metabolic syndrome. Inactive time, physical activity and time in bed were objectively determined using triaxial accelerometers GENEActiv during 7 days (ActivInsights Ltd., Kimbolton, United Kingdom). Multiple adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used. Isotemporal substitution regression modelling was performed to assess the relationship of replacing the amount of time spent in one activity for another, on each outcome, including measures of adiposity and body composition, biochemical parameters and blood pressure in older adults. Results Inactive time was associated with indicators of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time to 30 min per day of time in bed was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (all p-values < 0.05). Reallocating 30 min per day of inactive time with 30 min per day of LPA or MVPA was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, total fat, visceral adipose tissue, HbA1c, glucose, triglycerides, and higher body muscle mass and HDL cholesterol (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusions Inactive time was associated with a poor cardio-metabolic profile. Isotemporal substitution of inactive time with MVPA and LPA or time in bed could have beneficial impact on cardio-metabolic health. Trial registration The trial was registered at the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870) with number 89898870 and registration date of 24 July 2014, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Body composition associations with muscle strength in older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250439
Author(s):  
Anne N. Hiol ◽  
Pamela R. von Hurst ◽  
Cathryn A. Conlon ◽  
Owen Mugridge ◽  
Kathryn L. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Aging is associated with decreases in muscle strength and simultaneous changes in body composition, including decreases in muscle mass, muscle quality and increases in adiposity. Methods Adults (n = 369; 236 females) aged 65–74 years living independently were recruited from the cross-sectional Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study. Body fat percentage and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) (sum of lean mass in the arms and legs) were assessed using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Hologic, QDR Discovery A). The ASM index was calculated by ASM (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Isometric grip strength was measured using a hand grip strength dynamometer (JAMAR HAND). Results Linear regression analyses revealed that muscle strength was positively associated with the ASM index (R2 = 0.431, p < 0.001). When exploring associations between muscle strength and muscle mass according to obesity classifications (obesity ≥30% males; ≥40% females), muscle mass was a significant predictor of muscle strength in non-obese participants. However, in participants with obesity, muscle mass was no longer a significant predictor of muscle strength. Conclusions Body fat percentage should be considered when measuring associations between muscle mass and muscle strength in older adults.

The impact treatment has on cardiovascular risks factors for breast cancer survivors.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
John R. Keyserlingk ◽  
David H. Jones ◽  
Melisa Nestore ◽  
Alain Steve Comtois ◽  
Sara Henophy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

106 Background: The Integrative Health and Wellness center at VM Medical was established to monitor the body composition, activity level and vital signs of both the regular patients and the cancer survivors during their annual mammography screening. To determine if body composition and basic cardiovascular function of cancer survivors may vary depending on the type of adjuvant therapy dispensed. Methods: Kinesiologists performed base line measurements on 4,414 patient at The VM Medical Breast Center. Measurements were obtained on 3,674 non-oncology female patients and 740 cancer survivors. The data included BMI, resting heart rate, blood pressure, total body fat, lean muscle and waist circumference. The cancer survivors were stratified into 8 different groups (G1-G8) according to the type of surgery they underwent and compared to the regular patients(R). A one way ANOVA was performed with Dunnet post hoc analysis, significance was set at p < 0.05. The two largest groups were; women who underwent surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy (G5) 243 patients, as part of their treatment and women who underwent surgery, radiotherapy and hormone therapy (G6) 207 patients, as part of their treatment. The other 290 patients were separated into the other 6 treatment groups. Results: Significant differences were seen between the cancer survivors in all groups and the regular patients with p= 0.00 in 7 key variables. BMI(F=4.30) µ= 26.08 (R) vs µ= 27.10 (G6), resting heart rate (F= 6.24) µ= 73.04 bts/min (R) vs µ= 76.45 bts/min (G5), diastolic blood pressure (F= 4.65) µ= 74.18 mmHg (R) vs µ= 77.00 mmHg (G5), systolic blood pressure (F= 8.75) µ= 123.04 mmHg (R) vs µ= 130.14 mmHg (G6), lean muscle (F= 3.48) µ= 10.09 kgs (R) vs µ= 9.74 kgs (G6), total body fat (F=9.02) µ= 34.45% (R) vs µ= 37.49% (G6) and waist circumference (F= 4.44) µ= 84.91 cm (R) vs µ= 87.68 cm (G5). Conclusions: It would appear that different treatment protocols are associated with an increase in negative body composition and blood pressure measurements in cancer survivors. This information is important for the medical team to consider when directing the cancer survivors on healthy lifestyle choices post treatment.

Interindividual variability and individual responses to exercise training in adolescents with obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Walsh ◽  
Jacob T. Bonafiglia ◽  
Gary S. Goldfield ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Body Fat Mass

This study investigated the impact of exercise training on interindividual variability and response rates in body composition and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescents with obesity. Postpubertal males and females (n = 143) were randomly assigned to 6 months of a diet-only control or aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise training. Body composition indices were percentages of body fat mass and lean body mass and waist circumference. Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health were systolic blood pressure and plasma fasting glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Interindividual variability was examined by comparing the standard deviation of individual responses (SDIR) to a smallest robust change (SRC). The typical error of measurement was used to classify responses. SDIR exceeded the SRC for percent body fat mass in all exercise groups (SRC = 1.04%; aerobic SDIR = 1.50%; resistance SDIR = 1.22%; combined SDIR = 2.29%), percent lean body mass (SRC = 1.38%; SDIR = 3.2%,), systolic blood pressure (SRC = 2.06 mm Hg; SDIR = 4.92 mm Hg) in the resistance group, and waist circumference (SRC = 2.33 cm; SDIR = 4.09 cm), and fasting glucose (SRC = 0.08 mmol/L; SDIR = 0.28 mmol/L) in the combined group. However, half of the reported variables (11/21) did not have a positive SDIR. Importantly, adverse response rates were significantly lower in all 3 exercise groups compared with control for body composition. Although exercise had a small influence on interindividual variability for indices of body composition, the rate of adverse responses did not increase for any outcome. Novelty Interindividual variability and individual responses to exercise training have not been investigated in adolescents with obesity. Six months of exercise training does not increase interindividual variability in adolescents with obesity. Exercise created a positive, uniform shift in responses.

scholarly journals Effect of pomegranate extract on blood pressure and anthropometry in adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stockton ◽  
G. Farhat ◽  
Gordon J. McDougall ◽  
E. A. S Al-Dujaili
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Antioxidant Properties

AbstractPomegranate (Punica granatum), a polyphenol-rich fruit, has been suggested to reduce cardiovascular risk due to its antioxidant properties. Hypertension and obesity are the most preventable cardiovascular risk factors. Few studies on blood pressure and/or body-weight status have been conducted in human subjects. Previous investigations have tended to focus on pomegranate juice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate extract (PE) on blood pressure and anthropometric measures in adults with no symptomatic disease. A total of fifty-five participants enrolled in a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial where they were assigned to either PE capsules or placebo capsules for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, waist:hip ratio (WHR) and body composition (lean body mass, body fat) were measured at baseline, week 4 and week 8. Results showed a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure after 8 weeks (by 2·79 (sd 5·32) mmHg; P < 0·05), while the decrease in systolic blood pressure did not reach statistical significance (2·57 (sd 7·4) mmHg; P > 0·05). Body fat percentage, lean body mass, waist circumference and WHR did not significantly differ between groups at the end of the intervention. Results suggest that PE may reduce blood pressure and possibly prevent hypertension in the normotensive population. Further large trials are required to elucidate this effect.

Efficacy and safety of drospirenone-containing microdosage combined oral contraceptive use with starting contraception

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
A R Khachaturian ◽  
E V Misharina ◽  
M I Yarmolinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menstrual Bleeding ◽  
Combined Oral Contraceptive

Androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as premenstrual syndrome of varying severity in young women, can cause emotional depression, difficulties in social adaptation and even depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to study the safety and efficacy of using a combined oral contraceptive (COC) Dimia® containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in young women, as well as its therapeutic effects in androgen-dependent dermopathy. Materials and methods. The study included 57 young women aged 23.1±2.2 years with signs of androgen-dependent dermopathy. The evaluation of the change in the character of menstrual bleeding, the anthropometric parameters (body weight, waist circumference and hips), the therapeutic effect of the drug on the symptoms of androgen-dependent dermopathy, as well as the dynamics of arterial pressure, hemoglobin level, serum iron have been studied. The psycho-emotional state was assessed using the SAN questionnaire (well-being-activity-mood). Results. During 6 months of observation, there was no significant change in the body mass index, waist circumference, and hips, and the drug did not affect the blood pressure numbers. Against the background of taking the drug, there was an increase in the parameters of iron metabolism (hemoglobin content, serum iron). After 3 months of taking the contraceptive with drospirenone, the number of patients with a complaint about the abundance of menstruation decreased more than twofold (from 22.8 to 10.5%), and after 6 months of taking the drug no patient noted the profuse nature of menstruation. Before the start of taking COC with drospirenone, 57.9% of women reported painful menstrual bleeding. Against the background of taking the contraceptive within 3 months, this complaint was stopped in all patients. Sufficient efficacy of treatment of androgen dependent dermopathy in young women with the help of a microdosed drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptive is estimated from the dermatological acne index. The analysis of the SAN questionnaire made it possible to reveal the improvement in the psychoemotional state of patients on the background of taking the drug. The conclusion. The results obtained proved the effectiveness and safety of the microclinized COC Dimia®. The drug has no significant effect on body weight, blood pressure, provides reliable control of the cycle and a decrease in menstrual bleeding, which results in stabilization of iron metabolism in the body. Dimia® is effective in the treatment of androgen-dependent dermopathy and can be recommended to young women for starting contraception.

What Types of Exercise Are More Effective in Reducing Obesity and Blood Pressure for Middle-Aged Women? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042110154
Author(s):  
Seong-Hi Park ◽  
Chul-Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Aged

Background: A systematic review was performed to identify the types of physical activities effective as interventions in preventing metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) served as the data sources. Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 was applied to assess the risk of bias of the randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses were performed on selected studies using Review Manager 5.3. Thirty-one trials enrolling 2,202 participants were included. Results: Compared to controls, the effects of physical activity were indicated by pooled mean differences, which were −0.57 kg for body weight, −0.43 kg/m2 for body mass index, −1.63 cm for waist circumference, −4.89 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (BP), and −2.71 mmHg for diastolic BP. The effects were greater on the measurements of waist circumference and BP than on body weight and BMI. The types of physical activities were further analyzed according to sub-groups. Only aerobic exercise did not affect body weight and resistance exercise did not significantly change any results. Contrarily, combined exercises significantly reduced measurements of waist circumference and BP. Conclusion: This review can provide valuable information for research and implementation of measures to prevent metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women.

scholarly journals Effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health of working adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Mulchandani ◽  
Ambalam M. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Roopa Shivashankar ◽  
Dimple Kondal ◽  
Anurag Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Workplace Interventions ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions

Abstract Background Adults in urban areas spend almost 77% of their waking time being inactive at workplaces, which leaves little time for physical activity. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence for the effect of workplace physical activity interventions on the cardio-metabolic health markers (body weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose) among working adults. Methods All experimental studies up to March 2018, reporting cardio-metabolic worksite intervention outcomes among adult employees were identified from PUBMED, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsycINFO. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess bias in studies. All studies were assessed qualitatively and meta-analysis was done where possible. Forest plots were generated for pooled estimates of each study outcome. Results A total of 33 studies met the eligibility criteria and 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Multi-component workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight (16 studies; mean diff: − 2.61 kg, 95% CI: − 3.89 to − 1.33) BMI (19 studies, mean diff: − 0.42 kg/m2, 95% CI: − 0.69 to − 0.15) and waist circumference (13 studies; mean diff: − 1.92 cm, 95% CI: − 3.25 to − 0.60). Reduction in blood pressure, lipids and blood glucose was not statistically significant. Conclusions Workplace interventions significantly reduced body weight, BMI and waist circumference. Non-significant results for biochemical markers could be due to them being secondary outcomes in most studies. Intervention acceptability and adherence, follow-up duration and exploring non-RCT designs are factors that need attention in future research. Prospero registration number: CRD42018094436.

The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mabire ◽  
Ramakrishnan Mani ◽  
Lizhou Liu ◽  
Hilda Mulligan ◽  
David Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.

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