Ophthalmological drug-containing films: Long-term effects and prospects for the future

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Maichuk ◽  
A. M. Yuzhakov
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Pregnant Breast Cancer Patients – an Overview of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia S. Goller ◽  
Udo R. Markert ◽  
Karolin Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Target Agent

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies which appear during pregnancy. Since women are increasingly not giving birth until they are at a more advanced age, it can be assumed that the incidence of pregnancy-related breast cancers will continue to increase in the future. Because of pregnancy-induced changes and conservative diagnosis, these carcinomas are frequently not detected until they are at an advanced stage and thus generally require systemic adjuvant therapy. The available data on optimal chemotherapeutic management are limited. Particularly for the use of the target agent trastuzumab which could crucially contribute to improving the prognosis in the therapy of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer in non-pregnant women, there is a lack of definitive information regarding the profile of action and safety in pregnancy as well as with regard to any long-term effects on the child. Thirty-eight pregnancies on trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancer were able to be analysed in the literature currently available. Information can be gained from this and conclusions can be drawn which can individualise and decisively improve therapeutic options in the future for the pregnant breast cancer patient.

How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Lauri Rapeli ◽  
Inga Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Future ◽  
Established Democracies

In this commentary, we discuss some possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in both established and newer democracies. We expect that the pandemic will not have grave long-term effects on established democracies. We assess the future of democracy after COVID-19 in terms of immediate effects on current democratic leaders, and speculate on the long-term effects on support for democratic institutions and principles. We also discuss possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global trends in democratic backsliding. We predict that, in the short term, the repercussions of the pandemic can aggravate the situation in countries that are already experiencing democratic erosion. However, the long term economic effects of the pandemic may be more detrimental to non-democratic governance.

scholarly journals Stress and perceived health among primary care visitors in two corners of Europe: Scandinavia and Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Koppner ◽  
Marios Chatziarzenis ◽  
Tomas Faresjö ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
Annika Thorsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Abstract Background The global financial crisis emerging in 2008 struck Greece especially hard, whereas Scandinavian countries were less affected. This has created a unique opportunity to study the long-term effect of community stress on populations. Increasing frequencies of mental health issues and poorer perceived health among the Greek population have been reported. The physiological marker of long-term stress, cortisol in hair, is applied in this study together with measures of perceived health and stress, depression and anxiety. Our aim was to study self-reported and physiological stress, perceived health, including mental health, in the general population of Greece compared to Scandinavia, in order to assess long-term effects of the economic crisis on these parameters. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study of adult (18–65 years) Primary Health Care visitors from semi-rural areas in Greece (n = 84) and Scandinavia (n = 140). Data collection was performed in 2012, and encompassed a questionnaire with a variety of health and stress indicators as well as hair samples for analyzes of cortisol levels. Results The Greek sample reported significantly poorer overall health (p < 0.0001) than the Scandinavians and a significantly higher perceived stress (p < 0.0001). The Greeks were also less hopeful of the future (p < 0.0001), and to a larger extent fulfilled the HAD criteria for depression (p < 0.0001) and anxiety (p = 0.002). The strongest predictors explaining ill health in logistic regressions were being Greek (p = 0.001) and feeling hopeless about the future p = 0.001, OR = 6.00 (CI 2.10–14.88). Strong predictors in logistic regressions for high perceived stress were anxiety: high (p < 0.0001) and medium (p = 0.0001), as well as medium depression (p = 0.02). Conclusions Greek adult Primary Health Care visitors perceived their health more negatively than the Scandinavians, including a higher presence of depression, anxiety, and a lower hope for the future. The Greeks also reported higher perceived stress, but this was not reflected in higher cortisol levels. The findings presented here, identify possible adverse long-term effects of the economic crisis in the examined Greek population that are not seen in the Scandinavian cohort. These differences may also be interpreted against the background of socio-cultural differences in the northern and south-eastern corners of Europe.

scholarly journals Gameplay as a Source of Intrinsic Motivation for Individuals in Need of Ankle Training or Rehabilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Christian Nilsson ◽  
Stefania Serafin ◽  
Rolf Nordahl
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Quantitative Test ◽  
Ankle Rehabilitation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

Injuries to the ankle may be a source of great discomfort and the long-term effects can negatively influence the future health of the individual who has suffered the injury. Wobble boards represent a relatively inexpensive type of equipment that may be used to train one's ankles preventively or as part of the rehabilitation process once the damage has been done. However, individuals in need of such training frequently lack the motivation necessary in order to successfully complete the training or rehabilitation process. This paper details the design and implementation of a prototype intended to alleviate this problem by leveraging games' potential as a source of intrinsic motivation. More specifically, the prototype enables users to control a game by means of a wobble board, thus allowing them to perform the necessary exercises while playing. An expert on ankle rehabilitation assessed the efficacy of the training facilitated by the prototype, and 40 individuals partook in a quantitative test performed in order to determine whether the prototype could potentially provide the needed motivation. Based on the findings from the two tests, it is concluded that the prototype does ensure correct ankle training and the act of playing was experienced as intrinsically motivating by the majority of the test participants.

Long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure in adolescent mice on the future ovarian reserve in adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Qu ◽  
Xiyuan Dong ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Molly Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Анализ навигационной аварии с использованием аппарата современной теории катастроф

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Yanchin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristic ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

В работе рассматривается метод оценки маршрута судна с точки зрения безопасности и оптимальности. Оценка выполняется за счёт вычисления характеристических коэффициентов, которые описывают свойства маршрута, важные для оценки этих качеств. Также в работе даётся описание метода прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута судна на основе предписанного маршрута рейса и информации о существующем отклонении фактического маршрута от предписанного. На основе прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута, и с использованием характеристических коэффициентов, становится возможным анализ долгосрочного влияния отклонения фактического маршрута от предписанного. Маршрут рассматривается как динамическая характеристика судна, эволюционирующая с течением времени. Обсуждаются особенности развития маршрута судна при стремлении к стабильному либо катастрофичному состоянию с позиций современной теории катастроф. Геометрическая интерпретация эволюционной динамики предусматривает использование когнитивных образов. В работе приводится анализ произошедшей аварии круизного судна Costa Concordia с использованием предложенного метода с целью исследования влияния изменения маршрута на безопасность рейса. Выполняется сравнение предписанного маршрута с фактическим.The paper presents a method to analyze a ships route in terms of safety and optimality. The route is examined using the characteristic coefficients that represent routes properties essential for assessment of these aspects. The paper also presents a method to estimate the future route based on the prescribed route and the existing discrepancy between the actual route and the prescribed one. With such estimation technique and using the characteristic coefficients it is possible to determine the long-term effects of the discrepancy. The route is considered as a dynamic characteristic of the ship, evolving over time. Peculiarities of the development of the ships route when striving for a stable or catastrophic state from the standpoint of the modern catastrophe theory are discussed. A geometric interpretation of evolutionary dynamics involves the use of cognitive images. As an example, the paper provides analysis of the Costa Concordias accident using the described method in order to determine the effects of the route discrepancy. A comparison is made of the prescribed route with the actual one that the crew planned to move.

Post-disaster sheltering process after the 2019 floods, in Golestan province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Shariat Alavi ◽  
Alireza Fallahi ◽  
Zoheir Mottaki ◽  
Fereshteh Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose As a flood-prone region in Iran, Golestan province has encountered various disasters in its history. The last one occurred in March 2019, affected Aq-Qala County and caused irreparable physical, economic, social and environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of providing shelter in emergency, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases after the floods in the villages of Aq-Qala. Design/methodology/approach A research method is a hybrid approach. The collection of data involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches in addition to reviewing the documented texts in resources to collect the required data using observations, field survey activities, questionnaires and in-depth interviews. From April 2019 to December 2019, nine separate visits have occurred to collect the needed information. Findings This paper shows dissatisfaction with providing shelter and attempts to identify the factors which caused the challenges. The findings revealed issues such as hygienic problems in collective camps, lack of thermal resistance in temporary accommodations and rising material prices. These findings lead to a contributive list of suggestions avoiding the recurrence of the harms in the future. Originality/value This study proposes solutions and approaches to improve the post-flood settlement process for possible floods in the future such as equipped camps, proper temporary housing, monitoring the reconstruction and the price of the materials. If these approaches are used by authorities and people in similar rural areas, the long-term effects of inadequate post-flood shelter can be reduced.

scholarly journals The value of “negative” appraisals for resilience. Is positive (re)appraisal always good and negative always bad?

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Freund ◽  
Ursula M. Staudinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Negative Appraisals

AbstractIn contrast to the PASTOR model by Kalisch et al. we point to the potential negative long-term effects of positive (re)appraisals of events for resilience. This perspective posits that emotional reactions to events provide important guidelines as to which events, environments, or social relations should be sought out and which ones should be avoided in the future.

Short-Term Climatic Events—Synthesis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
New England ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Short-term climatic events produce some of the most dramatic ecosystem responses. Sometimes the responses may last for a long time into the future. Three themes will be emphasized in this synthesis. The first is that shortterm climatic events have both short- and long-term responses in the ecosystem. Second, the timing of short-term events is important in partially determining the kind and degree of ecosystem response that might occur. A third theme is the importance of putting short-term variability into a long-term context. The chapters about hurricanes and droughts in this section demonstrate that shortterm climatic events may have short- and long-term responses in the ecosystem. Both the short- and long-term responses are important. The short-term responses have noteworthy economic influences in the agricultural ecosystem. One could argue that the ecosystems containing species with short life spans such as grasslands are able to respond and recover from a short-term climatic disturbance more quickly than those ecosystems with longer lived species such as trees. Corn responds quickly to variability in precipitation during important parts of the growing season. Gage believes the long-term effects of a short-term drought on annual rotational agronomic systems are generally minimal. Other LTER studies have documented strong relationships between annual precipitation and grassland aboveground net primary productivity (Knapp et al. 1998). Conversely, the Coweeta study brings to our attention the insidious, long-term effects of drought that quietly kills trees and leaves their dead necromass on the landscape for decades into the future. However, each ecosystem is responding at its own characteristic timescale. Boose notes that the mixed hardwood forests of central New England and the Tabonuco forests of Puerto Rico both exhibit remarkable resiliency to wind damage. In both cases, despite major structural reorganization after a hurricane, there was rapid regeneration of canopy cover through releafing, sprouting, or recruitment, which helped to reduce impacts on soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient cycling processes. Nevertheless, some signs of the hurricane impact are present for decades, although less so in Puerto Rico where decomposition and regeneration rates are much faster than in New England.

scholarly journals Is ulipristal acetate the new drug of choice for the medical management of uterine fibroids? Res ipsa loquitur?

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Funlayo Odejinmi ◽  
Reeba Oliver ◽  
Rebecca Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Ethnic Minority Population ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
The Future

Ulipristal acetate (Esmya©) has been hailed the new wonder drug with regard to the medical management of uterine fibroids, and many postulate that it will remove the need for surgical treatment in the future. While the results from the PEARL studies are certainly promising and its amenorrhoeic rates and reduction in fibroid size are unquestionable, there is still a paucity of data with regard to its long-term effects, the effects on its usage prior to surgery and its variable efficacy in different ethnic populations. To facilitate our knowledge further, independent studies with clear outcome measures evaluating the long-term effects of the drug in a wider, more representative, ethnic minority population as well as assessing its true cost-effectiveness compared to surgery are needed. The aim of this article is to review the historical aspects with regard to the management of uterine fibroids to gain an understanding of where we are now and to evaluate the wider use of ulipristal acetate, both its benefits and limitations and postulate where to go in the future in order to allow our women to make safe and informed choices regarding their treatment options.

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