scholarly journals Gameplay as a Source of Intrinsic Motivation for Individuals in Need of Ankle Training or Rehabilitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Christian Nilsson ◽  
Stefania Serafin ◽  
Rolf Nordahl
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Quantitative Test ◽  
Ankle Rehabilitation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual

Injuries to the ankle may be a source of great discomfort and the long-term effects can negatively influence the future health of the individual who has suffered the injury. Wobble boards represent a relatively inexpensive type of equipment that may be used to train one's ankles preventively or as part of the rehabilitation process once the damage has been done. However, individuals in need of such training frequently lack the motivation necessary in order to successfully complete the training or rehabilitation process. This paper details the design and implementation of a prototype intended to alleviate this problem by leveraging games' potential as a source of intrinsic motivation. More specifically, the prototype enables users to control a game by means of a wobble board, thus allowing them to perform the necessary exercises while playing. An expert on ankle rehabilitation assessed the efficacy of the training facilitated by the prototype, and 40 individuals partook in a quantitative test performed in order to determine whether the prototype could potentially provide the needed motivation. Based on the findings from the two tests, it is concluded that the prototype does ensure correct ankle training and the act of playing was experienced as intrinsically motivating by the majority of the test participants.

Ophthalmological drug-containing films: Long-term effects and prospects for the future

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Maichuk ◽  
A. M. Yuzhakov
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Trastuzumab in the Treatment of Pregnant Breast Cancer Patients – an Overview of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (06) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia S. Goller ◽  
Udo R. Markert ◽  
Karolin Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Systemic Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Target Agent

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most common malignancies which appear during pregnancy. Since women are increasingly not giving birth until they are at a more advanced age, it can be assumed that the incidence of pregnancy-related breast cancers will continue to increase in the future. Because of pregnancy-induced changes and conservative diagnosis, these carcinomas are frequently not detected until they are at an advanced stage and thus generally require systemic adjuvant therapy. The available data on optimal chemotherapeutic management are limited. Particularly for the use of the target agent trastuzumab which could crucially contribute to improving the prognosis in the therapy of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer in non-pregnant women, there is a lack of definitive information regarding the profile of action and safety in pregnancy as well as with regard to any long-term effects on the child. Thirty-eight pregnancies on trastuzumab for the treatment of breast cancer were able to be analysed in the literature currently available. Information can be gained from this and conclusions can be drawn which can individualise and decisively improve therapeutic options in the future for the pregnant breast cancer patient.

How Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Lauri Rapeli ◽  
Inga Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Future ◽  
Established Democracies

In this commentary, we discuss some possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in both established and newer democracies. We expect that the pandemic will not have grave long-term effects on established democracies. We assess the future of democracy after COVID-19 in terms of immediate effects on current democratic leaders, and speculate on the long-term effects on support for democratic institutions and principles. We also discuss possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global trends in democratic backsliding. We predict that, in the short term, the repercussions of the pandemic can aggravate the situation in countries that are already experiencing democratic erosion. However, the long term economic effects of the pandemic may be more detrimental to non-democratic governance.

scholarly journals Stress and perceived health among primary care visitors in two corners of Europe: Scandinavia and Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Koppner ◽  
Marios Chatziarzenis ◽  
Tomas Faresjö ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson ◽  
Annika Thorsell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Future ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Abstract Background The global financial crisis emerging in 2008 struck Greece especially hard, whereas Scandinavian countries were less affected. This has created a unique opportunity to study the long-term effect of community stress on populations. Increasing frequencies of mental health issues and poorer perceived health among the Greek population have been reported. The physiological marker of long-term stress, cortisol in hair, is applied in this study together with measures of perceived health and stress, depression and anxiety. Our aim was to study self-reported and physiological stress, perceived health, including mental health, in the general population of Greece compared to Scandinavia, in order to assess long-term effects of the economic crisis on these parameters. Methods A cross-sectional comparative study of adult (18–65 years) Primary Health Care visitors from semi-rural areas in Greece (n = 84) and Scandinavia (n = 140). Data collection was performed in 2012, and encompassed a questionnaire with a variety of health and stress indicators as well as hair samples for analyzes of cortisol levels. Results The Greek sample reported significantly poorer overall health (p < 0.0001) than the Scandinavians and a significantly higher perceived stress (p < 0.0001). The Greeks were also less hopeful of the future (p < 0.0001), and to a larger extent fulfilled the HAD criteria for depression (p < 0.0001) and anxiety (p = 0.002). The strongest predictors explaining ill health in logistic regressions were being Greek (p = 0.001) and feeling hopeless about the future p = 0.001, OR = 6.00 (CI 2.10–14.88). Strong predictors in logistic regressions for high perceived stress were anxiety: high (p < 0.0001) and medium (p = 0.0001), as well as medium depression (p = 0.02). Conclusions Greek adult Primary Health Care visitors perceived their health more negatively than the Scandinavians, including a higher presence of depression, anxiety, and a lower hope for the future. The Greeks also reported higher perceived stress, but this was not reflected in higher cortisol levels. The findings presented here, identify possible adverse long-term effects of the economic crisis in the examined Greek population that are not seen in the Scandinavian cohort. These differences may also be interpreted against the background of socio-cultural differences in the northern and south-eastern corners of Europe.

Long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure in adolescent mice on the future ovarian reserve in adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wang ◽  
Guoqiang Qu ◽  
Xiyuan Dong ◽  
Kai Huang ◽  
Molly Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Анализ навигационной аварии с использованием аппарата современной теории катастроф

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Yanchin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristic ◽  
Catastrophe Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Estimation Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Over Time

В работе рассматривается метод оценки маршрута судна с точки зрения безопасности и оптимальности. Оценка выполняется за счёт вычисления характеристических коэффициентов, которые описывают свойства маршрута, важные для оценки этих качеств. Также в работе даётся описание метода прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута судна на основе предписанного маршрута рейса и информации о существующем отклонении фактического маршрута от предписанного. На основе прогнозирования дальнейшего маршрута, и с использованием характеристических коэффициентов, становится возможным анализ долгосрочного влияния отклонения фактического маршрута от предписанного. Маршрут рассматривается как динамическая характеристика судна, эволюционирующая с течением времени. Обсуждаются особенности развития маршрута судна при стремлении к стабильному либо катастрофичному состоянию с позиций современной теории катастроф. Геометрическая интерпретация эволюционной динамики предусматривает использование когнитивных образов. В работе приводится анализ произошедшей аварии круизного судна Costa Concordia с использованием предложенного метода с целью исследования влияния изменения маршрута на безопасность рейса. Выполняется сравнение предписанного маршрута с фактическим.The paper presents a method to analyze a ships route in terms of safety and optimality. The route is examined using the characteristic coefficients that represent routes properties essential for assessment of these aspects. The paper also presents a method to estimate the future route based on the prescribed route and the existing discrepancy between the actual route and the prescribed one. With such estimation technique and using the characteristic coefficients it is possible to determine the long-term effects of the discrepancy. The route is considered as a dynamic characteristic of the ship, evolving over time. Peculiarities of the development of the ships route when striving for a stable or catastrophic state from the standpoint of the modern catastrophe theory are discussed. A geometric interpretation of evolutionary dynamics involves the use of cognitive images. As an example, the paper provides analysis of the Costa Concordias accident using the described method in order to determine the effects of the route discrepancy. A comparison is made of the prescribed route with the actual one that the crew planned to move.

scholarly journals Facemasks and COVID-19 case fatality rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Fögen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
The Individual

Mask mandates have been a globally used epidemiologic intervention during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, above all based on the assumption of reduced infection rates. Although there is now much evidence for the latter, the effect of facemasks on the individual and its course of disease has remained controversial. While there are concepts suggesting a protective effect and a better outcome for the individual, public opinion has placed concepts with opposite outcomes in the vicinity of conspiracy theories. However, here I show that counties with mask mandates in Kansas during the summer of 2020 had significantly higher case fatality rates compared to Kansas counties without mask mandates, with a risk ratio of 1.85 for death with COVID-19. Even after adjusting for the number of ‘protected persons’, i.e. the number of persons who were not infected in the mask-mandated group compared to the no-mask group, the risk ratio remains highly significant at 1.52. Over 95% of this effect can solely be attributed to COVID-19. Why this happens and the possible connection between long-term effects associated with SARS-CoV-2 and facemasks are explained in theory herein by the ‘foegen effect’, which describes the deep reinhalation of pure virions that were caught in the facemasks as droplets.

A foresight study on urban mobility: Singapore in 2040

foresight ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Zahraei ◽  
Jude Herijadi Kurniawan ◽  
Lynette Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
City State ◽  
Operational Issues

Purpose The transportation system in any city is complex and evolving, shaped by various driving forces and uncertainties in the social, economic, technological, political and environmental situations. Its development and demands upon it cannot be projected by simply extrapolating past and current trends. This paper aims to present a foresight study examining the future of urban mobility, focusing on the dense Asian city-state of Singapore. The objective is to develop scenarios for the future of urban mobility, to facilitate future policy implementation by highlighting long term challenges and opportunities for transportation planning in cities. Design/methodology/approach To create future scenarios, the authors first sought to identify key drivers of change through environmental scanning, expert interviews, focus group discussions and technology scanning. These drivers of change were subsequently used in a scenario planning workshop, organized to co-create alternative future visions for urban mobility 2040 with experts and local stakeholders. Findings Two scenarios emerged, called the Shared World and the Virtual World. For each scenario, the authors described the key features in terms of dominant transport modes for the movements of passengers and freight. Subsequently, the authors discussed possible implications of each scenario to the individual, society, industry and government. Originality/value As cities grow and develop, city and transport planners should not only address daily operational issues but also develop a well-informed, long-term understanding of the evolving mobility system to address challenges that lie beyond the five- or even ten-year horizon. By using scenario planning approach, the authors hope to prepare stakeholders for the uncertain futures that are continuously shaped by the decisions today.

Computers and Human Communication in the Organization — A Psychosocial Perspective on the Individual and the Society in Change - Research in Progress

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 886-889
Author(s):  
Gunilla Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Perspective ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Infrastructure

The main purpose is to analyze the impact of computer technology and teletechnology on communication from a psychosocial perspective, with an emphasis on the interaction between people. A new infrastructure concerning communication is emerging on the society level and on the company level at the same time as computer use becomes more wiedespread in the private lives of families. The research problems concern analyzes of the structure of communication its quality, causal relations and long term effects. A crossdisciplinary approach is used and the research is performed through two types of intensive studies.

Positive Impact of Physical Exercise on Brain Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yunkyeong Nam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

A case study was conducted in order to track the human brain adapts to changing demands by physical exercise. Reaction time and amplitude discrimination capacity of the individual were measured with the Brain Gauge to monitor brain activity before and after aerobic exercise. The objective of the study was to determine if there were short-term and/or long-term effects of aerobic exercise.  The data suggests that there are short-term effects and some improvements in performance on the tasks when comparing metrics obtained after exercise to before exercise.  For this individual, aerobic exercise was a regular part of daily routine, there was no long-term effect detected over the relatively short duration of the study.

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