Mutual relationship of adsorption processes on the surface of a cathode and the processes taking place in the parts of a heavy-current plasma discharge close to the electrodes

When looking at the relationship between substantive education and the pedagogical background of a teacher (foreign language teacher included) there has been an eternal disagreement both in the academia, as well as among prospective employers. The most essential controversy pertains to the degree of expertise a teacher should possess in the field they teach versus how much psycho-pedagogical and educational knowledge they should have and the mutual relationship of the two. Another area of dispute and debate within the teachers’ education specialism seems to occur between two parties: proponents of theoretical research and the narrow circle of practical education advocates. The empirical annex, which points to the level of vocational preparation of a language teacher, focuses on the choice of didactic activities, the quality of their execution, and the working conditions which are under a teacher’s control.

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The mutual relationship between the two molecular forms of the major fibrinolysis inhibitor alpha-2-antiplasmin in blood

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v67.3.616.bloodjournal673616 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 616-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C Kluft ◽

P Los ◽

AF Jie ◽

VW van Hinsbergh ◽

E Vellenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Cell Line ◽

Molecular Forms ◽

Phase Reaction ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Congenital Deficiency ◽

Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽

Streptokinase Therapy ◽

Relationship Of

Alpha-2-antiplasmin, a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is synthesized in the liver and occurs in blood in two molecular forms: a very active plasminogen-binding (PB) form and a less active nonplasminogen-binding (NPB) form. This study investigates the origin and mutual relationship of these two forms in vivo and in vitro. Despite wide variation in plasma concentration of the inhibitor (16% to 138%), the ratio between the two forms in vivo was found to be, in the main, constant among healthy volunteers, heterozygotes for a congenital deficiency of alpha- 2-antiplasmin, and patients with a stable liver cirrhosis: PB/NPB = 2.41 +/- 0.34 (SD). Resynthesis after depletion or increased synthesis in the acute-phase reaction showed a specific increase of the PB form of the molecule in blood after discontinuation of L-asparaginase or streptokinase therapy and after myocardial infarction. In vitro studies demonstrated that only the PB form was present after one day in the culture medium of the human cell line Hep G2, while the NPB form appeared after 11 days. Clearance after inhibition of synthesis by L- asparaginase therapy revealed a more rapid decrease in the PB form relative to the NPB form in blood, demonstrated by a change in the PB- NPB ratio from 2.86 +/- 0.55 to 1.74 +/- 0.24 (mean of 6, SD). An apparently spontaneous first order conversion from the PB to NPB form, with an apparent half-life of about eight days, was demonstrated at 37 degrees C in plasma and serum in vitro. The conversion was found to be temperature dependent and uninfluenced by the fibrinolytic components fibrinogen, fibrin, and plasminogen. Additions of a variety of enzymes or inhibitors did not interfere with the process. These results demonstrate that the PB form of alpha-2-antiplasmin is produced by the liver and that the NPB form is formed in the circulation.

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The relation and development of expenditure inequality and income inequality of Czech households

Economic Annals ◽

10.2298/eka1292055m ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (192) ◽

pp. 55-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zdeňka Malá ◽

Gabriela Cervená

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Consumer Expenditure ◽

Economic Decline ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Main Determinant ◽

Methodological Tool ◽

Relationship Of

The paper focuses on an analysis of income inequality and expenditure inequality of households in the Czech Republic for the period 2001 - 2009, based on data from the Statistics of Family Accounts. The basic methodological tool is the Gini coefficient and its decomposition according to individual categories of consumer expenditure. The conducted research reaches the conclusion that income inequality is higher than inequality in consumer expenditure, and income inequality for the analyzed period is growing at a higher rate than expenditure inequality. Tax-transfer tools effectively eliminate income inequality, but nevertheless inequality of disposable income exceeds the inequality of net monetary expenditure. As regards the mutual relationship of income inequality and expenditure inequality, expenditure inequality within a period of economic growth and boom copied the course of income inequality, while within a period of economic decline and recession both inequalities showed a completely different development. The main determinant affecting income inequality may be considered to be non-consumer expenditure, particularly expenditure for the acquisition of real estate.

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Restoration of monuments and tourism

Tourism and hospitality management ◽

10.20867/thm.1.2.14 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 413-420

Author(s):

Vjekoslav Vierda

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Financial Aid ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Tourist Attraction ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Tourist Destination ◽

Historical Monuments ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Protection And Renewal

The article considers the relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism from the aspect of a mutual experience of the future cultural historical monuments, as a part of a nation’s total cultural heritage and as one of the most important preconditions for tourism development. Renewal of monuments is partly aimed at increasing the attractiveness of the tourism offer; at the same time it displays the relationship of a given tourist destination towards a country’s cultural heritage and surroundings, and is a part of real tourism trends. The mutual relationship between renewal of monuments and tourism is considered through two aspects: 1. Renewal of monuments as a precondition for securing a tourist attraction i. e. a monument which is already a tourist attraction, monument renewal as a condition for increasing the attractiveness of the same, and 2. Renewal of monuments as a tourist attraction sui generis, where the scheme of renewal attached to the monument’s attractiveness is given as the initial theme, i.e. means of collecting financial aid for renewal, while a second theme considers the renewal as an attraction sui generis through all phases to finishing the renewal and introducing the monument. Finally, the article gives suggestions on how to organize co-operation between institutions responsible for tourism, i.e. for the protection and renewal of monuments.

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Barriers to E-Application in Agrifood Supply Chain

Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-5202-6.ch022 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 227-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rupesh Kumar ◽

Rajat Agrawal ◽

Vinay Sharma

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Food Supply ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Food Supply Chain ◽

Interpretive Structural Modeling ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Expert Opinions ◽

Relationship Of

The paper aims to identify barriers to e-Application in the agri-food supply chain in India and helps in developing mutual relationship of these barriers using interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique. The barriers are identified using secondary sources and expert opinions. The paper is a blend of theoretical framework and practical application and employs structural analysis to draw an interventional roadmap to facilitate the use of e-Application in the agri-food supply chain. The research shows that there exists a group of barriers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention. These barriers are strategically important for e-Applications. This paper provides a useful insight to the policymakers and stakeholders by focusing on those key barriers which are important for effective e-Application in the agri-food supply chain.

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Different classes of anti-modified protein antibodies are induced on exposure to antigens expressing only one type of modification

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214950 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

pp. 908-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Arieke Suzanna Berendina Kampstra ◽

Jacqueline Stephanie Dekkers ◽

Mikhail Volkov ◽

Annemarie L Dorjée ◽

Lise Hafkenscheid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Response ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Single Type ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Modified Proteins ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Citrullinated Protein

ObjectivesAutoantibodies against post-translationally modified proteins (anti-modified protein antibodies or AMPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A variety of classes of AMPAs against different modifications on proteins, such as citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation, have now been described in RA. At present, there is no conceptual framework explaining the concurrent presence or mutual relationship of different AMPA responses in RA. Here, we aimed to gain understanding of the co-occurrence of AMPA by postulating that the AMPA response shares a common ‘background’ that can evolve into different classes of AMPAs.MethodsMice were immunised with modified antigens and analysed for AMPA responses. In addition, reactivity of AMPA purified from patients with RA towards differently modified antigens was determined.ResultsImmunisation with carbamylated proteins induced AMPAs recognising carbamylated proteins and also acetylated proteins. Similarly, acetylated proteins generated (autoreactive) AMPAs against other modifications as well. Analysis of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies from patients with RA revealed that these also display reactivity to acetylated and carbamylated antigens. Similarly, anti-carbamylated protein antibodies showed cross-reactivity against all three post-translational modifications.ConclusionsDifferent AMPA responses can emerge from exposure to only a single type of modified protein. These findings indicate that different AMPA responses can originate from a common B-cell response that diversifies into multiple distinct AMPA responses and explain the presence of multiple AMPAs in RA, one of the hallmarks of the disease.

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I. On the law which regulates the relative magnitude of the areas of the four orifices of the heart

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1869.0062 ◽

1870 ◽

Vol 18 (114-122) ◽

pp. 265-286

Keyword(s):

Relative Magnitude ◽

Mutual Relationship ◽

The Law ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Different Parts

I propose in this communication to inquire whether any law can be discovered which determines the relative magnitude of the areas of the tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic orifices—the four principal openings in the heart. Although to ordinary observation these orifices appear to exhibit no mutual relationship of size, there can be no doubt that an instrument so accurate in the adaptation of its valvular apparatus, and so exact in the working of its different parts, must reveal on close examination the existence of laws which not only determine the force required to be impressed upon the blood traversing its chambers, but also the relative sizes of these apertures to one another.

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