Effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the salivary glands of the male tick,Amblyomma hebraeum

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Reuben Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Male Tick

Properties of Na, K-ATPase from the salivary glands of the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rutti ◽  
B. Schlunegger ◽  
W. Kaufman ◽  
A. Aeschlimann
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
High Concentrations

Tick (Amblyomma hebraeum) salivary glands are a rich source of Na,K-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3), the fundamental properties of which are similar to those of Na,K-ATPases from other sources. Inhibition of the enzyme by ouabain is quantitatively similar to the inhibition of fluid secretion by this drug. Harmaline at high concentrations also inhibited the Na,K-ATPase. The nucleotides GTP, ITP, and UTP were utilized as substrates, but all were less effective than ATP. Noradrenaline, dopamine, and phenoxybenzamine, all at concentrations known to influence fluid secretion in vitro, had no effect on enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Neural Involvement in the Control of Salivary Gland Degeneration in the Ixodid Tick Amblyomma Hebraeum

1984 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
ROBERT A. HARRIS ◽  
WILLIAM R. KAUFMAN
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Seminal Receptacle ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Male Genital

1. We have developed a simple, quantitative assay to monitor salivary gland function in ixodid ticks. 2. Salivary glands of engorged (1.0-3.0g), or partially engorged (0.40-1.0g), Amblyomma hebraeum Koch lose virtually all secretory function within 4 days after engorgement. 3. Salivary glands from partially-fed ticks (0.20-0.30 g) lose 75 % of their secretory ability by 4 days post-removal, but retain this level of function for at least another 11 days. 4. Partially-fed ticks (0.20-0.30 g) removed from the host for 4 days and then allowed to re-attach and resume feeding for a further 2 days, recover much of their lost function. 5. Cutting the opisthosomal nerves of partially-fed ticks (0.40-1.0 g) inhibits salivary gland degeneration. 6. Excising the seminal receptacle from partially-fed ticks (0.40-1.0 g) inhibits salivary gland degeneration. Replacement of the seminal receptacle permits salivary gland degeneration to proceed normally. The factor from the seminal receptacle appears to be distinct from tick salivary gland degeneration factor (TSGDF; Harris & Kaufman, 1981). 7. Injecting a crude extract of male genital tracts into large, partially-fed ticks (0.40-1.0 g), which had had their seminal receptacles removed, caused virtually complete salivary gland degeneration. Such ticks, when injected with an extract of male salivary glands, showed no such degeneration. This suggests that the factor associated with mating originates in the male and is transferred to the female during copulation.

Identification and characterization of genes differentially expressed in the testis/vas deferens of the fed male tick, Amblyomma hebraeum

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian L Weiss ◽  
Jadwiga M Stepczynski ◽  
Paul Wong ◽  
W.Reuben Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Male Tick ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Identification of two genes essential for sperm development in the male tick Amblyomma hebraeum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyang Guo ◽  
W. Reuben Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Male Tick

Molecular characterisation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PK-A) catalytic subunit isoforms in the male tick, Amblyomma hebraeum

2006 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tabish ◽  
Roger A. Clegg ◽  
Philip C. Turner ◽  
Jan Jonczy ◽  
Huw H. Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Camp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Subunit Isoforms ◽  
Male Tick

scholarly journals Structure of the salivary glands of the unfed male tick Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius) (Acarina: Ixodidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolau Maués Serra-Freire ◽  
José Antonio Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Male Tick

scholarly journals Observations on the Biology of the Ixodidae. Part III. Dealing with the behaviour of the sexes in Amblyomma hebraeum, Hyalomma aegyptium and Rhipicephalus bursa when upon the host

Parasitology ◽  
1919 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 393-404
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Full State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Rhipicephalus Bursa ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Tick ◽  
Do So

Amblyomma hebraeum males anchor immediately when placed in a hungry state upon the host. The females will not do so as a rule in the absence of previously anchored males. Usually the males do not move or scarcely move when once anchored on the host, they may continue to remain attached to the host for months after the females have dropped off gorged. The males, after having fed for a few days, show signs of sexual excitement in that they erect their bodies away from the host and extend their legs, whereby, without releasing their mouthparts from the host's skin, they seize and hold any females that chance their way. The males become excited when the skin of the host in their vicinity is handled, no females having been near them for months. To copulate, the males must necessarily release their mouthparts, and this may at times lead to their shifting their position. They may occasionally shift to a fresh anchorage in company with their females, or they may shift a few mm. when apparently alone. A male may copulate with several females. The coloration of the male changes after prolonged sojourn upon the host (77–141 days).After feeding for 2–8 days or more, the females wander and are grasped by anchored males so that the ticks' ventral surfaces are apposed, and in this position the female proceeds to feed with her mouthparts puncturing the skin of the host in close proximity to those of the male. Copulation takes place in due course, the male temporarily removing his mouthparts from the host for the purpose. A female may seek two males in succession but usually one male appears to suffice. Females feed very slowly in the absence of males, they gorge rapidly when fertilized, and, when fully gorged, usually abandon the host without delay. Depending upon their having access to males and access to a more or less adequate food supply from the host, the females remain upon the host for 4–25 days before dropping off in a gorged condition.Hyalomma aegyptium males anchor immediately when placed upon the host. In the absence of females they remain fixed or change their position but slightly at long intervals of time. When hungry males and females are placed together upon the host, they proceed to suck blood at once, and, after a preliminary feed lasting five or more days, the males wander in search of females. A male may copulate with several females. Females placed in close proximity to males cause these to become excited (as in A. hebraeum). The females as a rule do not change their anchorage upon the host from start to finish, being sought by the males. The latter stay upon the host indefinitely (122 or more days) after the gorged and fertilized females have dropped off.Rhipicephalus bursa males and females, when hungry, proceed to feed at once when placed together upon the host. After remaining fixed for 3–5 days, the males seek anchored females. The males may seek a number of females in succession, usually feeding for some days prior to seeking a fresh female. Males continue to wander from anchorage to anchorage in the absence of females, they may thus wander about for 86 days or longer after the females have abandoned the host. A male may copulate with several females.The behaviour of the sexes differs therefore in the three foregoing species. In A. hebraeum the females seek the males, in H. aegyptium and R. bursa the males seek the females. In all three species the males remain upon the host indefinitely after the females have dropped off. In R. bursa the males continue to wander about from anchorage to anchorage long after the females have left, whilst in A. hebraeum and H. aegyptium the males stop their wandering entirely or shift but slightly at longer intervals of time.The predominance of male ticks of any species upon a host under natural conditions is accounted for by their staying on and accumulating upon the host whilst successive lots of females drop off. As an example I may mention that I have seen camels in Biskra on which only males of H. aegyptium could be found; these males must have been a very long time upon the camels because their scutums were polished and scratched, the rugose surface so characteristic of the young male tick having been worn away.Copulation in all three species was observed on several occasions upon the host, the process lasted 10 minutes or longer and was similar to that described by me for Ornithodorus and Ixodes.Since the liability to injury increases with the degree of engorgement of the female tick it is a great safeguard to her that she attains her full state of engorgement rapidly at the end of her feeding period and that she drops from the host promptly.

Gene expression in male tick salivary glands is affected by feeding in the presence of females

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix M. Anyomi ◽  
Abdelaziz D. Bior ◽  
Richard C. Essenberg ◽  
John R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Male Tick ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Biogenesis of Catalase-Positive Rods in Excretory Duct Cells of Salivary Glands

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 62-63
Author(s):  
Dwight K. Romanovicz ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Excretory Duct ◽  
Exocrine Glands ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Different Dimensions

The presence of catalase-positive rods (Fig. 1) of different dimensions, which frequently have a crystalline appearance by light microscopy, has been reported. They seem to be related to peroxisomes which were characterized morphologically and cytochemically in parotid and other exocrine glands of the rat by Hand in 1973. Our light microscopic studies of these spherical microbodies and rods of different sizes, stained by virtue of the peroxidatic activity of their catalase, indicate that they are almost entirely confined to the cells of the striated and execretory ducts of the submandibular gland in the mouse. The rods were usually noted only in the proximity of the ductal microbodies. The latter frequently showed a tendency to appear in linear close array, or even to be contiguous (Fig. 2). This suggested that the rods could be formed by the fusion of microbodies.

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