Effects of operating variables on the extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid by factorial design

1996 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Koudsi ◽  
S. Khorfan ◽  
A. Zein
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Operating Variables

scholarly journals PSVIII-16 The effects of adding two organic acid blends with or without high levels of zinc or copper, on post-weaning pig performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 209-210
Author(s):  
Casey L Bradley ◽  
Jon Bergstrom ◽  
Jeremiah Nemechek ◽  
J D Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A subset of 720 weaned pigs (6.44 ± 0.1 kg, PIC genetics, approximately 21-d of age) were used in a 42-d trial with a 2x3 factorial design evaluating the effects of adding organic acid (OA) blends [factor 1 = no organic acid (NO), Acid Pak 1 (AP1), Acid Pak 2 (AP2)] to diets with or without higher levels of Zn or Cu [factor 2 = +/-PZC] on pig performance. Pigs were allotted 10 pigs/pen to 12 weight blocks and randomly assigned the six dietary treatments. The +PZC diets contained 3000 ppm Zn (d 0-7), 2000 ppm Zn (d 8-21), and 250 ppm Cu (d 21-42) and -PZC diets contained 95 ppm Zn and 20 ppm Cu (d 0-42). The AP1 and AP2 diets used 0.9% of 2 acid premixes (d 0-21), and 0.45% of the premixes (day 22-42). AP1 provided 0.5% benzoic acid, 0.07% sodium butyrate, and 0.025% phosphoric acid (day 0-21) and half those levels (day 22-42). AP2 included the same acids as AP1 but at half the rate and combined with 7 other organic acids and carvacrol. From d 0-21, ADG, ADFI, and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< 0.02). Overall (d 0-42), ADG and G:F were improved (P< 0.01) by +PZC compared to -PZC and by AP1 or AP2 compared to NO (P< .010). Data from this trial indicate that performance was improved by the addition of both OA and PZC. However, pigs fed OA and -PZC performed similarly to those fed NO and +PZC in the post-weaning period. In summary, regardless of the acid combination, organic acid supplementation has the potential to improve growth performance in weaned pigs.

scholarly journals Auto-correlation robustness of factorial designs and GAMS in studying the effects of process variables in a dual-objective adsorption system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiu Kolade Amosa ◽  
Fatai A. Aderibigbe ◽  
Adewale George Adeniyi ◽  
Joshua O. Ighalo ◽  
Bisola Taibat Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Factorial Designs ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
General Algebraic Modeling System ◽  
Combined Models

AbstractThe performance of factorial designs is still limited due to some uncertainties that usually intensify process complexities, hence, the need for inter-platform auto-correlation analyses. In this study, the auto-correlation capabilities of factorial designs and General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) on the effects of some pertinent operating variables in wastewater treatment were compared. Individual and combined models were implemented in GAMS and solved with the trio of BARON, CPLEX and IPOPT solvers. It is revealed that adsorbent dosage had the highest effect on the process. It contributed the most effect toward obtaining the minimum silica and TDS contents of 13 mg/L and 814 mg/L, and 13.6 mg/L and 815 mg/L from factorial design and GAMS platforms, respectively. This indicates a concurrence between the results from the two platforms with percentage errors of 4.4% and 0.2% for silica and TDS, respectively. The effects of the mixing speed and contact time are negligible.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions Using Activated and Non-Activated Oak Shells: Parametric and Fractional Factorial Design Study. Part I. Removal of Copper

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Al-Asheh ◽  
Fawzi Banat ◽  
Nagham Al-Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Ion Uptake ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Operating Variables

Non-activated and chemically activated oak shells were evaluated for their ability to remove Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of contact time, sorbent concentration, Cu2+ ion concentration and the pH of the solution on the sorption process. The Cu2+ ion uptake by oak shells increased with decreasing sorbent concentration or with an increase in Cu2+ ion concentration or solution pH. The fractional factorial design technique was applied in order to determine the average Cu2+ ion uptake, the contribution of each operating variable to the value of the uptake and the interaction among the operating variables when the sorbent type, sorbent concentration, Cu2+ ion concentration, pH, contact time and salt were all varied from one level to another. Application of this technique showed that the sorbent concentration had the largest influence on the value of the Cu2+ ion uptake followed by Cu2+ ion concentration and sorbent type. Interaction among the different operating variables played an important role in the adsorption process.

scholarly journals Modeling of Erosion Response of Cold-Sprayed In718-Ni Composite Coating Using Full Factorial Design

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Verna ◽  
Roberto Biagi ◽  
Marios Kazasidis ◽  
Maurizio Galetto ◽  
Edoardo Bemporad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Full Factorial Design ◽  
Impingement Angle ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Erosion Loss ◽  
Full Factorial

In this work, the cold-spray technique was used to deposit Inconel 718–nickel (1:1) composite coatings on stainless steel substrate. A general full factorial design was adopted to identify the statistically significant operating variables, i.e., impingement angle, erodent size, and feed rate on the coating erosion response. Erodent feed rate, impingement angle, and the interaction between impingement angle and erodent size were identified as the highly significant variables on the erosion rate. Then, a model correlating the identified variables with the erosion rate was derived. The best combination of control variables for minimum erosion loss with respect to erodent feed rate, erodent size, and impingement angle was 2 mg/min, 60 μm, and 90°, respectively. To analyze the erosion mechanism, the erodent samples were finally observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Co-W Alloys

1992 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Osmola ◽  
E. Renaud ◽  
U. Erb ◽  
L. Wong ◽  
G. Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Rochelle Salt ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Processing Window ◽  
Nanophase Materials

ABSTRACTElectroplating is one of the most technologically advanced methods to synthesize nanophase materials both as coatings and in bulk form. This paper demonstrates the formulation of a processing “window” for nanocrystalline Co-W alloys using factorial design. The microstructural evolution from polycrystalline to nanocrystalline to amorphous Co-W microstructures is shown for electrodeposits produced from a bath containing cobalt sulphate, sodium tungstate, Rochelle salt and ammonium chloride. The effect of operating variables such as temperature and current density is discussed.

Analysis of Drying and Dilution in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) Using Galvanometric Study and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Paul ◽  
Mrinal Seal ◽  
Dipali Banerjee ◽  
Saibal Ganguly ◽  
Kajari Kargupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Steady State Current

Different experimental and analytical techniques namely steady state galvanometric study and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are employed to generate rule sets for identification of the acid drying and dilution phenomena in a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC). The slope of steady state current versus voltage is used as a performance marker. A new parameter Δ, which signifies the net moisture transport in PAFC, is introduced and evaluated from the experimental data to locate the regimes of electrolyte dilution and drying. Based on these two parameters, the performance of a PAFC is mapped on the plane of operating variables. Performance decay at higher cell temperature and lower humidifier temperature (below 60 °C) signifies acid drying; on the contrary the same at lower cell temperature and higher humidifier temperature is attributed to acid dilution. EIS is employed by imposing a sinusoidal potential excitation on steady state DC load and the shift of maximum phase angle position in the frequency spectrum is used as a diagnostic marker. Results show absence of peak in the domain of positive frequency for acid drying condition, while acid dilution causes the peak to be shifted at higher frequency value. Electrochemical timescales estimated from EIS increases by many order of magnitudes compared to that in a normal PAFC, when electrolyte drying occurs. The results obtained from EIS analysis are in agreement with the performance mapping based on galvanometric steady analysis. The results are significant in context of water management and humidity control in a PAFC. The tools and parameters introduced in the present publication show promising potential to map the performance and SOH of a PAFC on the plane of various operating variables. Results and logics revealed are of significance in development of inferential model for the online optimization of PAFC.

The concerted use of SEM, TEM, and SCM for examination of resin-dentin interfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
B. Van Meerbeek ◽  
L. J. Conn ◽  
E. S. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Bonding Mechanism ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Dental Adhesive ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Dentin Adhesives ◽  
Acid Etch ◽  
Tooth Tissue

Restoration of decayed teeth with tooth-colored materials that can be bonded to tooth tissue has been a highly desirable property in restorative dentistry for many years. Advantages of such an adhesive restorative technique over conventional techniques using non-adhesive metal-based restoratives include improved restoration retention with minimal sacrifice of sound tooth tissue for retention purposes, superior adaptation and sealing of the restoration margins in prevention of caries recurrence, improved stress distribution across the tooth-restoration interface throughout the whole tooth, and even reinforcement of weakened tooth structures. The dental adhesive technology is rapidly changing. An efficient resin bond to enamel has already long been achieved. Its bonding mechanism has been fully elucidated and has proven to be a durable and reliable clinical treatment. However, bonding to dentin represents a greater challenge. After the failures of a dentin acid-etch technique in imitation of the enamel phosphoric-acid-etch technique and a bonding procedure based on chemical adhesion, modern dentin adhesives are currently believed to bond to dentin by a micromechanical hybridization process. This process is developed by an initial demineralization of the dentin surface layer with acid etchants exposing a collagen fibril arrangement with interfibrillar microporosities that subsequently become impregnated by low-viscosity monomers. Although the development of such a hybridization process has well been documented in the literature, questions remain with respect to parameters of-primary importance to adhesive efficacy.

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