Ultrasonic determination of the elastic modulus of human cortical bone

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Hunt ◽  
V. Dean O'Loughlin ◽  
D. W. Fitting ◽  
L. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Ultrasonic Determination

scholarly journals Viscoelastic properties of human cortical bone tissue depend on gender and elastic modulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Wu ◽  
Timothy C. Ovaert ◽  
Glen L. Niebur
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Human Cortical Bone

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Structures for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012224
Author(s):  
N Ganesh ◽  
S Rambabu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract In this article, design and finite element simulation of porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy structures was presented. Typically, titanium and titanium alloy implants can be manufactured with required pore size and porosity volume by using powder bed fusion techniques due to advancement in additive manufacturing technologies. However, the mismatch of elastic modulus between human cortical bone and the dense Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant resulted in stress shielding which accelerate the implant failure. The porous implant structures help in reduce the mismatch of elastic modulus between the cortical bone and implant structure and also improve the bone ingrowth. Hence, the present work focuses on design of Ti-6Al-4V alloy porous structures with various porosities ranging from 10% to 70% and simulated to determine the elastic modulus suitable for human cortical bone. The sample with 45% porosity is found to be best suited for replacement of cortical bone with elastic modulus of 74Gpa, preventing stress shielding effect and enhanced chances of bone ingrowth.

scholarly journals In Vitro‐Induced High Sugar Environments Deteriorate Human Cortical Bone Elastic Modulus and Fracture Toughness

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Merlo ◽  
Jacob Aaronson ◽  
Rachana Vaidya ◽  
Taraneh Rezaee ◽  
Vijaya Chalivendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Elastic Modulus

Accuracy of Elastic Property Measurement in Mandibular Cortical Bone is Improved by Using Cylindrical Specimens

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Schwartz-Dabney ◽  
P. C. Dechow
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocities ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Ultrasonic Determination ◽  
Property Measurement ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Ultrasonic determination of elastic properties in human craniofacial cortical bone is problematic because of a lack of information about the principal material axes, and because the cortex is often thinner than in long bones. This study investigated solutions that permit reasonable determination of elastic properties in the human mandible. We tested whether ultrasonic velocities could be reliably measured in cylindrical samples of aluminum and mandibular bone, and the effects of reduced specimen thickness. Results indicted that (1) varying shape had minimal effects on ultrasonic velocities or derived elastic properties, and (2) ultrasonic velocities have relatively increased measurement error as propagation distances decreased. The increased error in velocity measurements of mandibular cortical specimens of less than 1.2 mm in thickness should be considered when assessing the reliability of single measurements.

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Addition on the Structure, Microstructure, and Selected Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Zr-25Ta-xTi Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Barbara Letícia Tomaz Pedroso ◽  
Fenelon Martinho Lima Pontes ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Titanium Addition ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Field

Ti alloys are the most used metallic materials in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility associated with good corrosion resistance in body fluids and relatively low elastic modulus. However, the alloys used in the orthopedic area have an elastic modulus that is 2 to 4 times higher than that of human cortical bone. Searching for new alloys for biomedical applications and with low elastic modulus, zirconium gained prominence due to its attractive properties, especially its biocompatibility. The purpose of this paper is to present novel as-cast alloys of the Zr-25Ta-xTi system and analyze the influence of titanium on the structure, microstructure, microhardness, and elastic modulus of the alloys. The alloys were prepared using an arc-melting furnace. X-ray diffraction measurements and microscopy techniques were used to characterize the crystalline structure and microstructure. From structural and microstructural characterizations, it was observed that titanium acted as an α-stabilizing element since its increase in the precipitation of the orthorhombic α” phase, an intermediate phase from β to α phases, in the alloys. Regarding microhardness measurements, the alloys have higher hardness than pure zirconium due to solid solution hardening that detaches the Zr-25Ta alloy, which has a high hardness value of the precipitation of the ω phase. Among the studied alloys, the Zr-25Ta-25Ti alloy is highlighted, demonstrating the lowest result of modulus of elasticity, which is approximately 2 times higher than the human cortical bone, but many alloys used in the biomedical field, such as pure titanium, have elastic modulus values almost 3 times higher than that of human bone.

Tensile Properties of Hydroxyapatite Whisker Reinforced Polyetheretherketone

2005 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Converse ◽  
Ryan Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Stiffness Coefficients ◽  
Human Cortical Bone

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) was reinforced with 0-40 vol% hydroxyapatite (HA) whiskers using a novel powder processing and compression molding technique. A powder mixture was uniaxially pressed into a composite powder compact and compression molded into a flat composite bar using an open-channel die, such that the HA whiskers exhibited a preferred orientation along the length of the bar and tensile specimens. As expected, increased HA whisker reinforcement resulted in increased elastic modulus, but decreased ultimate tensile strength and strain- or work-to-failure. PEEK reinforced with 40 vol% HA whiskers exhibited an elastic modulus of 16-18 GPa. PEEK reinforced with 20 vol% HA whiskers had an ultimate tensile strength of 70-80 MPa. Human cortical bone exhibits an elastic modulus of 17-26 GPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 80-150 MPa in the longitudinal direction (direction of principal stress). Stiffness coefficients measured by ultrasonic wave propagation indicated a level orthotropy also similar to that of human cortical bone tissue.

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