scholarly journals Viscoelastic properties of human cortical bone tissue depend on gender and elastic modulus

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Wu ◽  
Timothy C. Ovaert ◽  
Glen L. Niebur
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Human Cortical Bone

The effect of yield damage on the viscoelastic properties of cortical bone tissue as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 82A (3) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener N. Yeni ◽  
Richard R. Shaffer ◽  
Kevin C. Baker ◽  
X. Neil Dong ◽  
Michele J. Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Structures for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012224
Author(s):  
N Ganesh ◽  
S Rambabu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract In this article, design and finite element simulation of porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy structures was presented. Typically, titanium and titanium alloy implants can be manufactured with required pore size and porosity volume by using powder bed fusion techniques due to advancement in additive manufacturing technologies. However, the mismatch of elastic modulus between human cortical bone and the dense Ti-6Al-4V alloy implant resulted in stress shielding which accelerate the implant failure. The porous implant structures help in reduce the mismatch of elastic modulus between the cortical bone and implant structure and also improve the bone ingrowth. Hence, the present work focuses on design of Ti-6Al-4V alloy porous structures with various porosities ranging from 10% to 70% and simulated to determine the elastic modulus suitable for human cortical bone. The sample with 45% porosity is found to be best suited for replacement of cortical bone with elastic modulus of 74Gpa, preventing stress shielding effect and enhanced chances of bone ingrowth.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Mechanical Anisotropy in Canine Bone Tissues of Various Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Changqi Luo ◽  
Junyi Liao ◽  
Zhenglin Zhu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

The effect of age on mechanical behavior and microstructure anisotropy of bone is often ignored by researchers engaged in the study of biomechanics. The objective of our study was to determine the variations in mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone with age and the mechanical anisotropy between the longitudinal and transverse directions. Twelve beagles divided into three age groups (6, 12, and 36 months) were sacrificed and all femurs were extracted. The longitudinal and transverse samples of cortical bone were harvested from three regions of diaphysis (proximal, central, and distal). A nanoindentation technique was used for simultaneously measuring force and displacement of a diamond tip pressed 2000nm into the hydrated bone tissue. An elastic modulus was calculated from the unloading curve with an assumed Poisson ratio of 0.3, while hardness was defined as the maximal force divided by the corresponding contact area. The mechanical properties of cortical bone were determined from 852 indents on two orthogonal cross-sectional surfaces. Mean elastic modulus ranged from 7.56±0.32 GPa up to 21.56±2.35 GPa, while mean hardness ranged from 0.28±0.057 GPa up to 0.84±0.072 GPa. Mechanical properties of canine femoral cortical bone tended to increase with age, but the magnitudes of these increase for each region might be different. The longitudinal mechanical properties were significantly higher than that of transverse direction (P<0.01). A significant anisotropy was found in the mechanical properties while there was no significant correlation between the two orthogonal directions in each age group (r2<0.3). Beyond that, the longitudinal mechanical properties of the distal region in each age group were lower than the proximal and central regions. Hence, mechanical properties in nanostructure of bone tissue must differ mainly among age, sample direction, anatomical sites, and individuals. These results may help a number of researchers develop more accurate constitutive micromechanics models of bone tissue in future studies.

Cortical Bone Tissue Viscoelastic Properties and its Constitutive Equation - Preliminary Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Strain Energy Function ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Bone Sample

Cortical Bone Tissue Viscoelastic Properties and its Constitutive Equation - Preliminary StudiesIn the paper, preliminary studies on formulation of a new constitutive equation of bone tissue are presented. A bone is modelled as a viscoelastic material. Thus, not only are elastic properties of the bone taken into account, but also both short-term and long-term viscoelastic properties are considered. A potential function is assumed for the bone, constant identification on the basis of experimental stress-strain curve fitting is completed and a preliminary constitutive equation is formulated. The experiments consisted of compressive tests performed on a cuboids-like bone sample of the following dimensions: 10×5×7.52 mm. The specimen was compressed along the highest dimension at the strain rates 0.016 s-1and 0.00016 s-1. In addition to this, stress relaxation test was performed to identify long-term viscoelastic constants of bone. In the experiments, only displacement in the load direction was measured. The bone sample was extracted from a bovine femur. The form of the proposed potential function is such that it models a bone as a transversely isotropic material. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the bone is incompressible. After the material constant identification the strain energy function proved to be adequate to describe bone behaviour under compressive load. Due to the fact that the function is convex, the results of the studies can be utilised in modelling of bone tissue in finite element analyses of an implant-bone system. Such analyses are very helpful in the process of a new prosthesis design as one can preoperatively verify the construction of the new implant and optimise its shape.

Ultrasonic determination of the elastic modulus of human cortical bone

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Hunt ◽  
V. Dean O'Loughlin ◽  
D. W. Fitting ◽  
L. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Ultrasonic Determination

scholarly journals In Vitro‐Induced High Sugar Environments Deteriorate Human Cortical Bone Elastic Modulus and Fracture Toughness

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 972-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Merlo ◽  
Jacob Aaronson ◽  
Rachana Vaidya ◽  
Taraneh Rezaee ◽  
Vijaya Chalivendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Elastic Modulus

scholarly journals Effect of Titanium Addition on the Structure, Microstructure, and Selected Mechanical Properties of As-Cast Zr-25Ta-xTi Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Barbara Letícia Tomaz Pedroso ◽  
Fenelon Martinho Lima Pontes ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Solid Solution Hardening ◽  
Titanium Addition ◽  
Human Cortical Bone ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Field

Ti alloys are the most used metallic materials in the biomedical field due to their excellent biocompatibility associated with good corrosion resistance in body fluids and relatively low elastic modulus. However, the alloys used in the orthopedic area have an elastic modulus that is 2 to 4 times higher than that of human cortical bone. Searching for new alloys for biomedical applications and with low elastic modulus, zirconium gained prominence due to its attractive properties, especially its biocompatibility. The purpose of this paper is to present novel as-cast alloys of the Zr-25Ta-xTi system and analyze the influence of titanium on the structure, microstructure, microhardness, and elastic modulus of the alloys. The alloys were prepared using an arc-melting furnace. X-ray diffraction measurements and microscopy techniques were used to characterize the crystalline structure and microstructure. From structural and microstructural characterizations, it was observed that titanium acted as an α-stabilizing element since its increase in the precipitation of the orthorhombic α” phase, an intermediate phase from β to α phases, in the alloys. Regarding microhardness measurements, the alloys have higher hardness than pure zirconium due to solid solution hardening that detaches the Zr-25Ta alloy, which has a high hardness value of the precipitation of the ω phase. Among the studied alloys, the Zr-25Ta-25Ti alloy is highlighted, demonstrating the lowest result of modulus of elasticity, which is approximately 2 times higher than the human cortical bone, but many alloys used in the biomedical field, such as pure titanium, have elastic modulus values almost 3 times higher than that of human bone.

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