Job Characteristics and the Labor Force Participation Behavior of Black and White Male Youth

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
White Male ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males

Previous work regarding the labor force participation of black and white youth has ignored the fact that they may face jobs with different characteristics, such as socioeconomic status or degree of danger. This article examines the effects that such characteristics have on the probability of participation for a sample of black and white males from the National Longitudinal Survey Youth Cohort. The results suggest that some job characteristics have a significant impact on participation, particularly socioeconomic status. The estimates presented here suggest, however, that racial differences in socioeconomic status probably explain only a small portion of the black-white male youth participation rate differential.

Racial Differences in Time at Work Not Working

ILR Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 001979392110638
Author(s):  
William A. Darity ◽  
Darrick Hamilton ◽  
Samuel L. Myers ◽  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Man Xu
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
White Male ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Wage Earnings ◽  
Response Errors

Racial differences in effort at work, if they exist, can potentially explain race-based wage/earnings disparities in the labor market. The authors estimate specifications of time spent on non-work activities at work by Black and White males and females with data from the American Time Use Survey. Estimates reveal that trivially small differences occur between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White males in time spent not working while on the job that disappear entirely when correcting for non-response errors. The findings imply that Black–White male differences in the fraction of the workday spent not working are either not large enough to partially explain the Black–White wage gap, or simply do not exist at all.

Racial Differences in Married Female Labor Force Participation Behavior: An Analysis Using Interracial Marriages

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Macpherson ◽  
James B. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
The West ◽  
Interracial Marriages ◽  
Married Female

Based on data from the 1980 census, three major findings emerge from this study. First, the labor force participation rate is higher for women in black-white interracial marriages than women in endogamous marriages. Second, the labor force participation rate of wives in interracial marriages, after adjusting for differences in observed personal characteristics, is approximately halfway between that of women in white homogeneous and black homogeneous marriages. Third, interracial marriages are more likely among women who are younger, Hispanic, foreign-born, more educated, previously married, and reside in the West.

Labor Force Trends and Immigration in Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Feld
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
European Community ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
National Characteristics

Labor force trends up to 2025 for the fifteen countries (before May 1, 2004) of the European Community are examined. Will demographic decline have an early effect on manpower volume? An estimation is made to determine whether present migratory flow levels in these countries will be sufficient to counter labor force stagnation. Manpower trend scenarios are proposed for each country. They show highly contrasting situations. These countries favor different policies for mobilizing and increasing their manpower volume. There is wide divergence between the various EU countries as concerns their demographic situation and labor force participation rate as well as their social security systems. Considering these highly diverse national characteristics, the difficulty in arriving at a consensus on EU migratory policy harmonization is stressed.

THE ENDURING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN MALE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION, 1973–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet L. Lauritsen ◽  
Karen Heimer ◽  
Joseph B. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLatino and Black males are more likely to suffer serious violent victimization compared to White males, and it is likely that economic disadvantage and other individual level differences play a key role in these disparities. This study of self-reported data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1973–2010) is the first effort to assess three important issues: 1) the extent to which the relationship between serious violent victimization and race and ethnicity can be accounted for by age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment; 2) whether these factors have similar influences among Black, White, and Latino males; and 3) whether the net risk for violence associated with race and ethnicity has diminished over time. Our results show that disparities between Black and White male violent victimization decrease approximately 70% once age, location of residence, poverty status, and employment are taken into account, and that differences between Latinos and White males are fully accounted for by these factors. Poverty status is the only factor that varies in the strength of its association with violence across groups. We also find little evidence to suggest that the association between race, ethnicity and victimization risk changed significantly from 1973 to 2010, once other factors are considered. Despite notable declines in violence over this time period, Black and White disparities in male victimization persist over the past four decades; however, the relationship between poverty status and violence has increased some for Black and White males.

scholarly journals Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khaliq ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Sultan Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
Barkat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Adf Test

Female labor force plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The core objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between female labor force participation rate and Pakistan’s economic growth using time series data for the period 1990-2014. The data was extracted from World Development Indicators database. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to examine the data for unit root. The results show that both the variables--- female labor force participation rate and economic growth---are stationary at first difference i.e. I(1). The error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration tests were used to examine the co-integration relation between the variables. The econometric results conclude that there is long-run and a U-shaped link between economic growth and women labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The results conclude that lower female labor force participation rate leads to lower economic growth in Pakistan. This paper has important policy implications, suggests that policies intend to remove such barriers could help to enhance the Pakistan’s economic growth.

scholarly journals Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan An Empirical Analysis of PSLM (2004-05) Micro Data

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Edition) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehak Ejaz
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper seeks to identify the major determinants of female labor force participation in Pakistan, specifically with reference to rural and urban areas. Limited dependent variable techniques (Logit and Probit) are utilized to determine the factors affecting female labor force participation. This analysis uses data taken from the PSLM (Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, 2004-05) which measure individual and household characteristics of females between the ages of 15-49. Empirical results suggest that age, educational attainment and marital status have significant and positive effects on female labor force participation (FLFP). When women belong to the nuclear family and have access to vehicles, they are more likely are they to participate in economic activities, whereas a large number of children and the availability of home appliances reduces the probability of FLFP. The results imply that reducing the child care burden on females and facilitating educational attainment would lead to a higher labor force participation rate for females in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Impact of Health Expenditures on Labor Force Participation: Evidence from Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Abdur Rauf ◽  
Maryyum Bashir ◽  
Kiran Asif ◽  
Sardar Fawad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Secondary School Enrolment ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Case Data

The current study focused on health expenditures and labor force participation linkages taking Pakistan as a sample case. Data sample cover the period from 1972 to 2013. Economic survey of Pakistan and WDI were consulted for data collection and the estimated results were extracted by using Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model which revealed that there is positive association between health and labor force participation rate in Pakistan. Amongst the other variables, secondary school enrolment and Investment also has positive impacts on labor force participation in both long and short span of time. Life expectancy has adverse effects and trade openness is insignificant in a model. It is suggested that to encourage higher labor force participation government may increase its expenditures on basic health issues along with investment friendly policies. Furthermore it is also suggested that education may also be encouraged for productive labor in a country.

The Effect of Public Sector Employment on the Earnings of White and African American Males: A Sample Selectivity Approach

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Michael Greene ◽  
Emily Hoffnar
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
White Males

This research note uses a sample selection model to measure the earnings premium (or penalty) to public sector employment. A model correcting for both labor force participation and sectoral choice is estimated for both white and African American males. Results indicate that African American males are no better off in the public than in the private sector. Moreover, white males employed in the public sector earn significantly less than their private sector counterparts.

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