Preventive ecological LCA of printing process with ‘green fit’ software comparison of three different printing processes currently available

This work are made for determine the possibility of generating the specific parts of a threaded assembly. If aspects of CAD generating specific elements was analysed over time in several works, the technological aspects of making components by printing processes 3D through optical polymerization process is less studied. Generating the threaded appeared as a necessity for the reconditioning technology or made components of the processing machines. To determine the technological aspects of 3D printing are arranged to achieve specific factors of the technological process, but also from the specific elements of a trapezoidal thread or spiral for translate granular material in supply process are determined experimentally. In the first part analyses the constructive generation process of a spiral element. In the second part are identified the specific aspects that can generation influence on the process of realization by 3D DLP printing of the two studied elements. The third part is affected to printing and determining the dimensions of the analysed components. We will determine the specific value that can influence the process of making them in rapport with printing process. The last part is affected by the conclusions. It can be noticed that both the orientation and the precision of generating solid models have a great influence on the made parts.

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Synergistic application of continuous granulation and selective laser sintering 3D printing for the development of pharmaceutical dosage forms with enhanced dissolution rates and physical properties

10.1101/2021.02.13.430988 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rishi Thakkar ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Jiaxiang Zhang ◽

Mohammed Maniruzzaman

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

3D Printing ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Printing Process ◽

Powder Bed ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Binder Jetting ◽

Physical Mixtures

AbstractThis study demonstrated the first case of combining novel continuous granulation with powder-based pharmaceutical 3-dimensional (3D) printing processes to enhance the dissolution rate and physical properties of a poorly water-soluble drug. Powder bed fusion (PBF) and binder jetting 3D printing processes have gained much attention in pharmaceutical dosage form manufacturing in recent times. Although powder bed-based 3D printing platforms have been known to face printing and uniformity problems due to the inherent poor flow properties of the pharmaceutical physical mixtures (feedstock). Moreover, techniques such as binder jetting currently do not provide any solubility benefits to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with poor aqueous solubility (>40% of marketed drugs). For this study, a hot-melt extrusion-based versatile granulation process equipped with UV-Vis process analytical technology (PAT) tools for the in-line monitoring of critical quality attributes (i.e., solid-state) of indomethacin was developed. The collected granules with enhanced flow properties were mixed with vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer and a conductive excipient for efficient sintering. These mixtures were further characterized for their bulk properties observing an excellent flow and later subjected to a PBF-3D printing process. The physical mixtures, processed granules, and printed tablets were characterized using conventional as well as advanced solid-state characterization. These characterizations revealed the amorphous nature of the drug in the processed granules and printed tablets. Further, the in vitro release testing of the tablets with produced granules as a reference standard depicted a notable solubility advantage (100% drug released in 5 minutes at >pH 6.8) over the pure drug and the physical mixture. Our developed system known as DosePlus combines innovative continuous granulation and PBF-3D printing process which can potentially improve the physical properties of the bulk drug and formulations in comparison to when used in isolation. This process can further find application in continuous manufacturing of granules and additive manufacturing of pharmaceuticals to produce dosage forms with excellent uniformity and solubility advantage.Abstract Figure

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Exploring the Multi-Stage Effects of Material Preparation and Printing on 3D Printing Product Quality

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Manufacturing Equipment and Systems; Bio and Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2019-2788 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sahand Hajifar ◽

Ramanarayanan Purnanandam ◽

Hongyue Sun ◽

Chi Zhou

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Material Properties ◽

Good Property ◽

Metal Powders ◽

Promising Technique ◽

Printing Process ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Flexible Parts ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Material Preparation

Abstract 3D printing is a promising technique to fabricate flexible parts and reduce the supply chain. Various materials, such as metal powders, plastics, ultraviolet (UV) sensitive resins, can be fabricated from 3D printing and form the final printed part. Currently, most researchers either focus on exploring printable materials with good property or focus on the process quality control given a certain type of material. However, for many 3D printing processes, the printing process and product properties are dependent on both the material properties and process settings. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the quantitative analysis of the interactions of material properties and printing process settings are rarely studied. In this paper, we treat the material preparation and 3D printing as different manufacturing stages, and we explore the multi-stage effects in 3D printing. In particular, we add carbon fiber to the CLEAR resin to alter the material properties for a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing process. It is observed that the part properties are jointly affected by material properties and printing process settings. Therefore, the material property and process settings should be jointly considered for optimizing 3D printing processes.

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The Study on Color Print Quality Attributes of In-Mold Roller Using Digital Inkjet Printing

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.262.340 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 262 ◽

pp. 340-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chang Lang Chen ◽

Mei Chun Lo ◽

Yun Ti Su ◽

Yu Tung Chang

Keyword(s):

Inkjet Printing ◽

Screen Printing ◽

Print Quality ◽

Gravure Printing ◽

Color Gamut ◽

Printing Process ◽

Study Results ◽

Pet Film ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Potential Use

The In-Mold Roller is a revolutionary printing process by which objects are 3D decorated. The products decorated by In-Mold Roller are protected from water and fading. These kinds of decorations strongly increase the beauty, desirability and value of the objects. The In-Mold Roller is now using either of gravure printing and screen printing to print PET film. However, there are some problems with these two techniques. This research is to investigate the potential use of combining In-Mold Roller with digital inkjet printing in 3D decoration, e.g. in personalized printing services. The study results found show that digital inkjet printing to the PET film and then transfer to the ABS, the solid ink densities (SIDs) of primaries would increase. The tone values increases (TVIs) from highlight and middle (around 0~60%) were generally higher than those in shadows. The shapes and sizes of color gamut were also varied according to different kinds of digital UV inkjet printing processes. Moreover, after transferred, the color gamut became smaller.

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Problems of Producing Thin-Walled and Elastic Elements by Selective Laser Sintering

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.223.191 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 191-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz Kozior

Keyword(s):

Process Parameters ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Selective Laser Sintering ◽

Additive Technology ◽

Printing Process ◽

Strength Tests ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Polyamide Powder ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Elastic Elements

The article describes the technology of making thin-walled components and elastic by additive technology SLS using a polyamide powder PA 2200. The characteristics of the selected elements and the results of their strength tests are presented. The research focuses on the anisotropy of the materials in the various models. Printing processes were investigated on surfaces perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the model. Based on measurements of deformation, coefficients of elasticity, and the influence of selected parameters of the printing process, the accuracy of tested elements were determined. Comparing results of the research indicated that there is a significant influence of direction and printing process parameters on elastic properties. Research can be helpful in the future in the design process of elastic and thin-walled components such as springs and bellows.

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Preparation of high molecular weight and elastic copolyester by reactive extrusion with diisocyanate compound for laser printing process

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2011-0155 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyung-Jin Roh ◽

Doe Kim ◽

Dong-Ho Lee ◽

Keun-Byoung Yoon

Keyword(s):

Rheological Properties ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Complex Viscosity ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Reactive Extrusion ◽

Flow Index ◽

Printing Process ◽

Laser Printing ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Trimethylol Propane

Abstract A branched copolyester was synthesized using dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]propane, ethylene glycol (EG) and 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2- ethylpropane-1,3-diol (trimethylol propane, TMP). The branched copolyester and p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI) were melt extruded to enhance the melt viscosity and elasticity for use as a toner binder in the laser printing process. The effects of PPDI content on melt, thermal and rheological properties of the chain-extended copolyester were investigated. The melt flow index (MI) decreased with increasing amount of PPDI, due to a reaction between the hydroxyl chain end and isocyanate group. The storage modulus, loss modulus and complex viscosity of the chain extended copolyester were higher and the modified Cole-Cole plots revealed the chain extended copolyester to have higher elasticity than that of the branched copolyester. The chain extended copolyester exhibited suitable melt and rheological properties for applications as a toner binder in the laser printing processes.

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FDM 3D Printing Process - Risks and Environmental Aspects

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 890 ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Mirela Ciornei ◽

Răzvan Ionuț Iacobici ◽

Ionel Dănuț Savu ◽

Dalia Simion

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Milling Process ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Direct Result ◽

Printing Process ◽

Technological Processes ◽

Metal Printing ◽

Pollution Emissions ◽

Printing Processes

The application of the 3D printing processes is continuously increasing due to their large number of technical and economic advantages when produce prototypes, but in the mass fabrication as well, especially for metal printing of low dimension products. The process produces pollution as all technological processes. Noise, fume and polymer wastes are the main elements which exit from the process and they are not products. The types and the volumes of those pollution emissions depend on the process parameters. The paper presents the results of FDM process emissions analysis. It was recorded the noise for different stages of the printer functioning. It was measured the volume and the contents of the fume produced during the extrusion of the polymer, for PLA polymer and for ABS polymer filaments. Specific risks were analysed and conclusions were reported. The measurement was done for a random chosen product and the results were compared with the pollutant emissions from traditional technological processes applied to erect the same type of product. It has been concluded that the noise emitted during the FDM printing is about 82-85% of the noise produced when apply milling to create similar shapes and dimensions (it was recorded values for the sound pressure in a large range: 42-68 dB, depending on the working regime). Regarding the fume emission, the intensity of emission was up to 40% higher in the FDM process comparing to the milling process. That was explained as being a direct result of the fluid-viscous state in which the material is put during the printing process. When discuss about the risks, most of the main identified risks in the milling and/or extrusion process were almost inexistent in the FDM printing. Electrical injuries and heat injuries are the main risks to which the operator is exposed. Mechanical injuries are sensitively lower than in the traditional processes, as milling The FDM process is safer and produces lower material wastes. It can be concluded that the FDM printing process has lower impact with the environment and with the operator.

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Optimization of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing Process Using Neural Networks for Sustainable Development

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2737

Author(s):

Izabela Rojek ◽

Dariusz Mikołajewski ◽

Marek Macko ◽

Zbigniew Szczepański ◽

Ewa Dostatni

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

3D Printing ◽

Computational Intelligence ◽

Learning Program ◽

Printing Process ◽

Printing Processes ◽

Self Learning

Technological and material issues in 3D printing technologies should take into account sustainable development, use of materials, energy, emitted particles, and waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the sustainability of 3D printing processes can be supported by computational intelligence (CI) and artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions. We present a new AI-based software to evaluate the amount of pollution generated by 3D printing systems. We input the values: printing technology, material, print weight, etc., and the expected results (risk assessment) and determine if and what precautions should be taken. The study uses a self-learning program that will improve as more data are entered. This program does not replace but complements previously used 3D printing metrics and software.

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Preventive maintenance features specific to offset printing machines

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134308012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 343 ◽

pp. 08012

Author(s):

Emilia Bălan ◽

Liviu Berculescu ◽

Răzvan-George Răcheru ◽

Dorin Vasile Piţigoi ◽

Lucia Adăscăliţa

Keyword(s):

Preventive Maintenance ◽

Offset Printing ◽

Printing Process ◽

Machine Performance ◽

Continuous Quality ◽

Study Results ◽

Maintenance Activities ◽

Printing Processes

In the printing industry, where production never stops, it is very important to continuously maintain machine performance. If a machine breaks down, the production will stop and it will disturb the production process. Therefore, the maintenance system must be managed efficiently to solve those problems. The paper presents the study results on continuous quality improvement of offset printing using preventive maintenance features. Offset printing is a process that involves a multitude of variables, independent and interdependent factors. The offset printing process was analyzed and the factors that have a significant influence on the quality of the process and the products made were identified. The defects that may occur during the printing process and the causes thereof have also been identified and the types of non-conformities of the end products were estabilished. The experimental method was used. The case study was conducted on Manroland 508. For the planning of preventive maintenance activities, the duration of the maintenance works necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the offset printing machines was established. Finally, maintenance activities that would guarantee and continuously improve the quality of the printing processes and the printed products were issued.

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Aroma Finishing and Pigment Printing of Thai Silk Fabric by 1-Step All-In Printing Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1005.123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1005 ◽

pp. 123-130

Author(s):

Jantip Setthayanond ◽

Phussadee Lim

Keyword(s):

Screen Printing ◽

Binder Content ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Print Quality ◽

Printing Process ◽

Lemongrass Oil ◽

Finishing Agent ◽

Silk Fabrics ◽

The Individual ◽

Printing Processes

In this study, a combined aroma finishing and pigment printing process was investigated in order to develop 1-step, all-in aroma finishing/pigment printing process for Thai silk. Lemongrass oil microcapsules, an aroma finishing agent, was applied on silk by screen printing process and the properties of the printed fabrics were examined. Pigment printing was also performed individually by screen printing and the colorimetric properties of the print were measured. Binder content affected the print properties of both aroma microcapsules and pigment on silk. An appropriate binder content was chosen at 20 g/100 g print paste. The 1-step, all-in aroma finishing/pigment printing process was performed by printing both lemongrass oil microcapsules and pigment simultaneously on silk fabrics. The process efficiency was determined in two different aspects i.e. aroma finishing effect and coloring effect. Aroma finishing effect of the 1-step, all-in process was examined in comparison with the individual microcapsule print results while the coloring effect was compared between the printed fabric from 1-step, all-in process and the individual pigment printing. The results showed that the 1-step, all-in process could provide comparable aroma finishing effect and pigment print quality to the separated finishing and pigment printing processes.

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