Prevalence and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Greek adult population

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

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Glycemic Control Comparative of Metformin and Glimepiride in Monotherapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2018

Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association ◽

10.47830/jinma-vol.71.1-2021-281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 24-29

Author(s):

Rachma Putri Nariswari ◽

Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo ◽

Hermina Novida ◽

Nurina Hasanatuludhhiyah

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Adult Population ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tissue Sensitivity

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by decreased tissue sensitivity to insulin. The prevalence of diabetes in the world has almost doubled since 1980, from 4.7% to 8.5% in adult population. Early diagnosis and treatment aimed at normalizing glycemic control are very important. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare glycemic control of metformin and glimepiride in monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective observational study using secondary data (medical record), include glycemic control (RPG) before and two months after receiving therapy of outpatients’ type 2 diabetes mellitus with metformin or glimepiride therapy in 2018. 96 samples were found that fit the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Result: Most patients were female, aged 50-69 years old, and dosage of metformin therapy 1500 mg/day or glimepiride therapy 2 mg/day. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) of glycemic control (RPG) of metformin compared to glimepiride therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Islamic Jemursari Hospital Surabaya in 2018. Conclusion: Metformin and glimepiride were not significantly different in glycemic control (RPG). There were patients with RPG >200 mg/dl after two months of metformin or glimepiride therapy.

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Prevalence and risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese adult population: The InterASIA Study

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.021 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Dongsheng Hu ◽

Liang Sun ◽

Pengyu Fu ◽

Jing Xie ◽

Jie Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adult Population ◽

Chinese Adult

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Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on CYP450 metabolic activities: protocol for a case–control pharmacokinetic study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020922 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e020922 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sophie Gravel ◽

Jean-Louis Chiasson ◽

Suzanne Dallaire ◽

Jacques Turgeon ◽

Veronique Michaud

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adult Population ◽

Study Groups ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Research Centre ◽

Probe Drug ◽

The Impact

IntroductionDiabetes affects more than 9% of the adult population worldwide. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show variable responses to some drugs which may be due, in part, to variability in the functional activity of drug-metabolising enzymes including cytochromes P450 (CYP450s). CYP450 is a superfamily of enzymes responsible for xenobiotic metabolism. Knowledge must be gained on the impact of T2DM and related inflammatory processes on drug metabolism and its consequences on drug response. The aim of this study is to characterise the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4/5 in T2DM versus non-T2DM subjects following the administration of a cocktail of probe drug substrates.Methods and analysisThis single-centre clinical study proposes the first detailed characterisation of T2DM impacts on major CYP450 drug-metabolising enzyme activities. We intend to recruit 42 patients with controlled T2DM (A1C≤7%), 42 patients with uncontrolled T2DM (A1C>7%) and 42 non-diabetic control subjects. The primary objective is to determine and compare major CYP450 activities in patients with T2DM versus non-diabetic subjects by dosing in plasma and urine probe drug substrates and metabolites following the oral administration of a drug cocktail: caffeine (CYP1A2), bupropion (CYP2B6), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1) and midazolam (CYP3A4/5). Secondary objectives will evaluate the influence of variables such as glycaemia, insulinaemia, genetic polymorphisms and inflammation. The value of an endogenous biomarker of CYP3A activity is also evaluated. The first patient was recruited in May 2015 and patients will be enrolled up to completion of study groups.Ethics and disseminationApproval was obtained from the ethic review board of the CHUM research centre (Montreal, Canada).Trial registration numberNCT02291666.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a sample of the adult population of Alexandria, Egypt

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2018.07.025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Samir H. Assaad Khalil ◽

Magdy H. Megallaa ◽

Kamel H. Rohoma ◽

Hanaa Ismael ◽

Myriam AbouSeif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adult Population

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adult population of District Srinagar

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries ◽

10.1007/s13410-018-0704-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 331-339

Author(s):

Mohd Saleem Sheikh ◽

Imran Sayeed Sheikh ◽

S. Muhammad Salim Khan ◽

Shahnawaz Mir

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adult Population

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The association between GAD65 antibody levels and incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an adult population: A meta-analysis

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anitra D.M. Koopman ◽

Joline W. Beulens ◽

Ellis Voerman ◽

Simone P. Rauh ◽

Amber A. van der Heijden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Incident Type ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Gad65 Antibody ◽

Antibody Levels

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Prevalence of Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Factors Among the Malaysian Population: The 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey, Malaysia

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n8p153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Hasimah Ismail ◽

Mohd Azahadi Omar ◽

Thamil Arasu Saminathan ◽

Muhammad Fadhli Muhammad Yusof ◽

Nor Azian Mohd Zaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diabetes has increased dramatically in the last decade. Compounding the problem are undiagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These respondents are those who do not know that they have the disease. Undiagnosed cases have substantial implications as they are at more risk to develope fatal complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and to identify its associated factors in Malaysia.METHODS: A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted involving 19,935 respondents. Two-stage stratified sampling design was used to select a representative sample of the Malaysian adult population. Face-to-face interviews using structured, validated questionnaires were used to obtain data from the respondents. Respondents who claimed that they were not diagnosed with diabetes before were asked to undergo a finger-prick test.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of T2DM was 17.5% while the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM was 9.2% (n=2103). Respondents aged 60 years old & above had the highest percentage of undiagnosed T2DM at about 13.6 %, followed by those with no formal educational at 12.9%, among Indians were 11.9%, among female at 9.2%, among non-working citizen at 9.8%, widowed/divorced (12.0%), smokers (9.5%), obesity (13.6%) and hypertensive (12.8%). Multivariable analyses revealed that age group, ethnicity, education level, marital status, obesity and hypertensive were more likely to have undiagnosed T2DM.CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM in Malaysia. Factors associated with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus were obesity, age, ethnicity, educational level and hypertension. Screening is essential among adults aged 30 to 60 year old to enable early intervention and prevent development of serious complications of this disease.

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