Wormholes and holographic decoherence

Abstract We study a class of decoherence process which admits a 3 dimensional holographic bulk. Starting from a thermo-field double dual to a wormhole, we prepare another thermo-field double which plays the role of environment. By allowing the energy flow between the original and environment thermo-field double, the entanglement of the original thermo-field double eventually decoheres. We model this decoherence by four-boundary wormhole geometries, and study the time-evolution of the moduli parameters to see the change of the entanglement pattern among subsystems. A notable feature of this holographic decoherence processes is that at the end point of the processes, the correlations of the original thermo-field double are lost completely both classically and also quantum mechanically. We also discuss distinguishability between thermo-field double state and thermo mixed double state, which contains only classical correlations, and construct a code subspace toy model for that.

Download Full-text

38. Max Brodel (1870-1941): His artistic influence on surgical learning at John Hopkins Medical School

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v30i4.2798 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

P. Pace-Asciak ◽

T. Gelfand

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Neck Surgery ◽

The United States ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Medical Illustration ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Teaching Anatomy ◽

Computer Based ◽

Pathological Disease

Medical students depend on illustration to learn anatomical facts and details that may be too subtle for the written or spoken word. For surgical disciplines, learners rely on tools such as language, 2-dimensional illustrations, and 3-dimensional models to pass on important concepts. Although a photograph can convey factual information, illustration can highlight and educate the pertinent details for understanding surgical procedures, neurovascular structures, and the pathological disease processes. In order to understand the current role of medical illustration in education, one needs to look to the past to see how art has helped solve communication dilemmas when learning medicine. This paper focuses on Max Brodel (1870-1941), a German-trained artist who eventually immigrated to the United States to pursue his career as a medical illustrator. Shortly after his arrival in Baltimore, Brodel made significant contributions to medical illustration in Gynecology at John Hopkins University, and eventually in other fields of medicine such as Urology and Otolaryngology. Brodel is recognized as one of America’s most distinguished medical illustrators for creating innovative artistic techniques and founding the profession of medical illustration. Today, animated computer based art is synergistically used with medical illustration to educate students about anatomy. Some of the changes that have occurred with the advancement of computer technology will be highlighted and compared to a century ago, when illustrations were used for teaching anatomy due to the scarcity of cadavers. Schultheiss D, Udo J. Max Brodel (1870-1941) and Howard A.Kelly (1858-1943) – Urogynecology and the birth of modern medical illustration. European Journal of Obstetrics & gynecology and Reproductive Biology 1999; 86:113-115. Crosby C. Max Brodel: the man who put art into medicine. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991. Papel ID. Max Brodel’s contributions to otolaryngology – Head and Neck surgery. The American Journal of Otology 1986; 7(6):460-469.

Download Full-text

The Role of Pre-Clinical 3-Dimensional Models of Osteosarcoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21155499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5499

Author(s):

Hannah L. Smith ◽

Stephen A. Beers ◽

Juliet C. Gray ◽

Janos M. Kanczler

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽

3D Models ◽

In Ovo ◽

Future Directions ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

In Vivo Animal Models

Treatment for osteosarcoma (OS) has been largely unchanged for several decades, with typical therapies being a mixture of chemotherapy and surgery. Although therapeutic targets and products against cancer are being continually developed, only a limited number have proved therapeutically active in OS. Thus, the understanding of the OS microenvironment and its interactions are becoming more important in developing new therapies. Three-dimensional (3D) models are important tools in increasing our understanding of complex mechanisms and interactions, such as in OS. In this review, in vivo animal models, in vitro 3D models and in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models, are evaluated and discussed as to their contribution in understanding the progressive nature of OS, and cancer research. We aim to provide insight and prospective future directions into the potential translation of 3D models in OS.

Download Full-text

Notch restricts lymphatic vessel sprouting induced by vascular endothelial growth factor

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2010-11-317800 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 1154-1162 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Wei Zheng ◽

Tuomas Tammela ◽

Masahiro Yamamoto ◽

Andrey Anisimov ◽

Tanja Holopainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Notch Signaling ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Target Genes ◽

Notch Pathway ◽

Lymphatic Vessels ◽

Soluble Form ◽

Fibrin Gel ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Notch signaling plays a central role in cell-fate determination, and its role in lateral inhibition in angiogenic sprouting is well established. However, the role of Notch signaling in lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate Notch pathway activity in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as induction of delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) and Notch target genes on stimulation with VEGF or VEGF-C. Suppression of Notch signaling by a soluble form of Dll4 (Dll4-Fc) synergized with VEGF in inducing LEC sprouting in 3-dimensional (3D) fibrin gel assays. Expression of Dll4-Fc in adult mouse ears promoted lymphangiogenesis, which was augmented by coexpressing VEGF. Lymphangiogenesis triggered by Notch inhibition was suppressed by a monoclonal VEGFR-2 Ab as well as soluble VEGF and VEGF-C/VEGF-D ligand traps. LECs transduced with Dll4 preferentially adopted the tip cell position over nontransduced cells in 3D sprouting assays, suggesting an analogous role for Dll4/Notch in lymphatic and blood vessel sprouting. These results indicate that the Notch pathway controls lymphatic endothelial quiescence, and explain why LECs are poorly responsive to VEGF compared with VEGF-C. Understanding the role of the Notch pathway in lymphangiogenesis provides further insight for the therapeutic manipulation of the lymphatic vessels.

Download Full-text