scholarly journals Probability distribution for the quantum universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kehagias ◽  
Hervé Partouche ◽  
Nicolaos Toumbas
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Probability Density ◽  
Quantum Probability ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Classical Probability ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

Abstract We determine the inner product on the Hilbert space of wavefunctions of the universe by imposing the Hermiticity of the quantum Hamiltonian in the context of the minisuperspace model. The corresponding quantum probability density reproduces successfully the classical probability distribution in the ħ → 0 limit, for closed universes filled with a perfect fluid of index w. When −1/3 < w ≤ 1, the wavefunction is normalizable and the quantum probability density becomes vanishingly small at the big bang/big crunch singularities, at least at the semiclassical level. Quantum expectation values of physical geometrical quantities, which diverge classically at the singularities, are shown to be finite.

Direct-space solution in theEXPOpackage: the combination of the HBB–BC algorithm with GRASP

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Altomare ◽  
Nicola Corriero ◽  
Corrado Cuocci ◽  
Aurelia Falcicchio ◽  
Anna Moliterni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computation Time ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Adaptive Search ◽  
Global Optimization Algorithm ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Annealing Method

The hybrid big bang–big crunch algorithm is a combination of a global optimization algorithm inspired by one of the theories of the evolution of the universe, named the big bang and big crunch theory, and the simulated annealing method. The procedure was implemented in the latest version of the programEXPOand applied to crystal-structure solution from powder diffraction data. Several aspects of the hybrid big bang–big crunch algorithm can be further optimized with the aim of obtaining good quality solutions in a shorter computation time. In the present study, the hybrid big bang–big crunch procedure has been combined with the greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP) and some steps of the algorithm have been improved. The new approach, implemented in theEXPOpackage, has been successfully tested on numerous known crystal structures.

scholarly journals REKONSILIASI KOSMOLOGIS Antara Teorema Penciptaan dan Teori Evolusi

LOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Leo Agung Srie Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Big Bang Theory ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The problem of the universe having a great mystery encloses the big question about its origin. To answer the origin of universe, generally, there are two approaches, namely faith and science. The main question has to be replied: “What do the differences and the similarity of them?” The approach of faith bases on the inquiry of “who causes the existence of the universe”. This approach states that the origin of universe was created by God and hence, it was formed by God from a nothingness (creatio ex nihilo). This is known as the theorem of creation. Furthermore, the scientific approach is grounded on the research of “how the universe was formed in the beginning”. This oncoming being explained by the Big Bang Theory, which is continued by the Big Crunch Theory, asserts that the origin of universe came from the prime matter which exploded incredibly in a such a way that the formation process of the universe took place (the singularity). This is well-known as the theory of evolution (the cosmological evolution). In conclusion, the scientific approach explaining the process of creation and the faith one answering the actor of it are complementary.

scholarly journals The Mathematical Model of Space – Time and Gravity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Sohail Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Big Crunch ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

This model predicts the details of Origination (the Big Bang), Expansion, Contraction, Termination (the Big Crunch) and Repetition (the Big Loop) of Space – Time.It represents time as internally related to the system determined by the gravity. It gives the relationship between the speed of light and Gravitational constant.Further, Schwarzschild radius can be represented independently either of speed of light or Gravitational constant.The Gravitational Constant is directly proportional to Planck’s Length and inversely proportional to Planck’s Mass.It predicts the existence of the Multiverse or regions within the Universe.

A view of the universe before the big bang

2006 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
D CASTELVECCHI
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The Planet in a Pebble

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

This is the story of a single pebble. It is just a normal pebble, as you might pick up on holiday - on a beach in Wales, say. Its history, though, carries us into abyssal depths of time, and across the farthest reaches of space. This is a narrative of the Earth's long and dramatic history, as gleaned from a single pebble. It begins as the pebble-particles form amid unimaginable violence in distal realms of the Universe, in the Big Bang and in supernova explosions and continues amid the construction of the Solar System. Jan Zalasiewicz shows the almost incredible complexity present in such a small and apparently mundane object. Many events in the Earth's ancient past can be deciphered from a pebble: volcanic eruptions; the lives and deaths of extinct animals and plants; the alien nature of long-vanished oceans; and transformations deep underground, including the creations of fool's gold and of oil. Zalasiewicz demonstrates how geologists reach deep into the Earth's past by forensic analysis of even the tiniest amounts of mineral matter. Many stories are crammed into each and every pebble around us. It may be small, and ordinary, this pebble - but it is also an eloquent part of our Earth's extraordinary, never-ending story.

scholarly journals Relativistic Cosmology with an Introduction to Inflation

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zahid Mughal ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Juan Luis García Guirao
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Relativistic Cosmology ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Big Bang Model ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

In this review article, the study of the development of relativistic cosmology and the introduction of inflation in it as an exponentially expanding early phase of the universe is carried out. We study the properties of the standard cosmological model developed in the framework of relativistic cosmology and the geometric structure of spacetime connected coherently with it. The geometric properties of space and spacetime ingrained into the standard model of cosmology are investigated in addition. The big bang model of the beginning of the universe is based on the standard model which succumbed to failure in explaining the flatness and the large-scale homogeneity of the universe as demonstrated by observational evidence. These cosmological problems were resolved by introducing a brief acceleratedly expanding phase in the very early universe known as inflation. The cosmic inflation by setting the initial conditions of the standard big bang model resolves these problems of the theory. We discuss how the inflationary paradigm solves these problems by proposing the fast expansion period in the early universe. Further inflation and dark energy in fR modified gravity are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Dynamo effects in gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Boris Shevtsov
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillations ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Baryon Asymmetry ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Fractal Structures ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Made In

Nonlinear oscillations in the dynamic system of gravitational and material fields are considered. The problems of singularities and caustics in gravity, expansion and baryon asymmetry of the Universe, wave prohibition of collapse into black holes, and failure of the Big Bang concept are discussed. It is assumed that the effects of the expansion of the Universe are coupling with the reverse collapse of dark matter. This hypothesis is used to substantiate the vortex and fractal structures in the distribution of matter. A system of equations is proposed for describing turbulent and fluctuation processes in gravitational and material fields. Estimates of the di usion parameters of such a system are made in comparison with the gravitational constant.

A swift and simple refutation of the Kalam cosmological argument?

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM LANE CRAIG
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Cosmological Argument ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
Realist Position ◽  
Big Bang Theory ◽  
Simple Demonstration ◽  
Kalam Cosmological Argument ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

John Taylor complains that the Kalam cosmological argument gives the appearance of being a swift and simple demonstration of the existence of a Creator of the universe, whereas in fact a convincing argument involving the premiss that the universe began to exist is very difficult to achieve. But Taylor's proffered defeaters of the premisses of the philosophical arguments for the beginning of the universe are themselves typically undercut due to Taylor's inadvertence to alternatives open to the defender of the Kalam arguments. With respect to empirical confirmation of the universe's beginning Taylor is forced into an anti-realist position on the Big Bang theory, but without sufficient warrant for singling out the theory as non-realistic. Therefore, despite the virtue of simplicity of form, the Kalam cosmological argument has not been defeated by Taylor's all too swift refutation.

Naming the Big Bang

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Kragh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Consensus Model ◽  
Initial State ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
Fred Hoyle ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

The standard model of modern cosmology is known as the hot big bang, a name that refers to the initial state of the universe some fourteen billion years ago. The name Big Bang introduced by Fred Hoyle in 1949 is one of the most successful scientific neologisms ever. How did the name originate and how was it received by physicists and astronomers in the period leading up to the hot big bang consensus model in the late 1960s? How did it reflect the meanings of the origin of the universe, a concept that predates the name by nearly two decades? Contrary to what is often assumed, the name was not an instant success—it took more than twenty years before Big Bang became a household word in the scientific community. When it happened, it was used with different connotations, as is still the case. Moreover, it was used earlier and more frequently in popular than in scientific contexts, and not always relating to cosmology. It turns out that Hoyle’s celebrated name has a richer and more surprising history than commonly assumed and also that the literature on modern cosmology and its history includes many common mistakes and errors. An etymological approach centering on the name Big Bang provides supplementary insight to the historical understanding of the emergence of modern cosmology.

scholarly journals COSMOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS FOR THE COSMIC DEFECT THEORY

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINFA RADICELLA ◽  
MAURO SERENO ◽  
ANGELO TARTAGLIA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Nuclear Species ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
Age Of The Universe ◽  
Ia Supernovae ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
The Universe

The cosmic defect theory has been confronted with four observational constraints: primordial nuclear species abundances emerging from the big bang nucleosynthesis; large scale structure formation in the Universe; cosmic microwave background acoustic scale; luminosity distances of type Ia supernovae. The test has been based on a statistical analysis of the a posteriori probabilities for three parameters of the theory. The result has been quite satisfactory and such that the performance of the theory is not distinguishable from that of the ΛCDM theory. The use of the optimal values of the parameters for the calculation of the Hubble constant and the age of the Universe confirms the compatibility of the cosmic defect approach with observations.

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