scholarly journals Cuticular hydrocarbons on old museum specimens of the spiny mason wasp, Odynerus spinipes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), shed light on the distribution and on regional frequencies of distinct chemotypes

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Moris ◽  
Katharina Christmann ◽  
Aline Wirtgen ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij ◽  
Alexander Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Glacial Refuge ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Population Genetic Analyses

AbstractThe mason wasp Odynerus spinipes shows an exceptional case of intrasexual cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile dimorphism. Females of this species display one of two CHC profiles (chemotypes) that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from each other. The ratio of the two chemotypes was previously shown to be close to 1:1 at three sites in Southern Germany, which might not be representative given the Palearctic distribution of the species. To infer the frequency of the two chemotypes across the entire distributional range of the species, we analyzed with GC–MS the CHC profile of 1042 dry-mounted specimens stored in private and museum collections. We complemented our sampling by including 324 samples collected and preserved specifically for studying their CHCs. We were capable of reliably identifying the chemotypes in 91% of dry-mounted samples, some of which collected almost 200 years ago. We found both chemotypes to occur in the Far East, the presumed glacial refuge of the species, and their frequency to differ considerably between sites and geographic regions. The geographic structure in the chemotype frequencies could be the result of differential selection regimes and/or different dispersal routes during the colonization of the Western Palearctic. The presented data pave the route for disentangling these factors by providing information where to geographically sample O. spinipes for population genetic analyses. They also form the much-needed basis for future studies aiming to understand the evolutionary and geographic origin as well as the genetics of the astounding CHC profile dimorphism that O. spinipes females exhibit.

scholarly journals Cuticular Hydrocarbons on Old Museum Specimens of the Spiny Mason Wasp, Odynerus spinipes, (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) Shed Light on the Distribution and on Regional Frequencies of Distinct Chemotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Moris ◽  
Katharina Christmann ◽  
Aline Wirtgen ◽  
Sergey A. Belokobylskij ◽  
Alexander Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Glacial Refuge ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Population Genetic Analyses

AbstractThe mason wasp Odynerus spinipes shows an exceptional case of intrasexual CHC dimorphism. Females of this species express one of two cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles (chemotypes) that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from each other. The ratio of the two chemotypes was previously shown to be close to 1:1 at three sites in Southern Germany, which might not be representative given the Palearctic distribution of the species. To infer the frequency of the two chemotypes across the entire distributional range of the species, we analyzed with GC-MS the CHC profiles of 1,042 dry-mounted specimens stored in private and museum collections. We complemented our sampling by including 324 samples collected and preserved specifically for studying their CHCs. We were capable of reliably identifying the chemotypes in 91% of dry-mounted samples, some of which collected almost 200 years ago. We found both chemotypes to occur in the Far East, the presumed glacial refuge of the species, and their frequency to differ considerably between sites and geographic regions. The geographic structure in the chemotype frequencies could be the result of differential selection regimes and/or different dispersal routes during the colonization of the Western Palearctic. The presented data pave the route for disentangling these factors by providing information where to geographically sample O. spinipes for population genetic analyses. They also form the much-needed basis for future studies aiming to understand the evolutionary and geographic origin as well as the genetics of the astounding CHC dimorphism that O. spinipes females exhibit.

scholarly journals Field (In)dependence Flexibility Following a Virtual Immersion Is Associated With Cybersickness and Sense of Presence

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maneuvrier ◽  
L. M. Decker ◽  
P. Renaud ◽  
G. Ceyte ◽  
H. Ceyte
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Rod And Frame Test ◽  
Rod And Frame

Field dependence–independence (FDI) is a psychological construct determining an individual’s approach of the perception–cognition coupling. In virtual reality (VR) context, several studies suggest that an individual’s perceptive style is susceptible to shift toward a more FI mode through down-weighting of conflicting visual cues. The present study proposes to investigate the potential flexible nature of FDI following a virtual immersion and to assess if this flexibility might be associated with the subjective experience of VR. 86 participants explored a real-world–like virtual environment for approximately 10 min. FDI levels were measured before and after the VR exposure using the rod-and-frame test. Their subjective experience of VR was measured a posteriori (cybersickness and sense of presence) and used in order to build two experimental groups via a cluster analysis. The results showed that only participants with a poor subjective experience of VR (i.e., a low level of sense of presence associated with a high level of cybersickness) significantly shifted to a more FI mode, which is discussed as a sensory re-weighting mechanism. Pragmatical applications are discussed, and future studies are outlined, based on the conclusion that FDI might be more flexible than we thought, which could shed light on the psychophysiology of VR.

scholarly journals Unexpected cryptic species among streptophyte algae most distant to land plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1963) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iker Irisarri ◽  
Tatyana Darienko ◽  
Thomas Pröschold ◽  
Janine M. R. Fürst-Jansen ◽  
Mahwash Jamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Plants ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Green Lineage

Streptophytes are one of the major groups of the green lineage (Chloroplastida or Viridiplantae). During one billion years of evolution, streptophytes have radiated into an astounding diversity of uni- and multicellular green algae as well as land plants. Most divergent from land plants is a clade formed by Mesostigmatophyceae, Spirotaenia spp. and Chlorokybophyceae. All three lineages are species-poor and the Chlorokybophyceae consist of a single described species, Chlorokybus atmophyticus. In this study, we used phylogenomic analyses to shed light into the diversity within Chlorokybus using a sampling of isolates across its known distribution. We uncovered a consistent deep genetic structure within the Chlorokybus isolates, which prompted us to formally extend the Chlorokybophyceae by describing four new species. Gene expression differences among Chlorokybus species suggest certain constitutive variability that might influence their response to environmental factors. Failure to account for this diversity can hamper comparative genomic studies aiming to understand the evolution of stress response across streptophytes. Our data highlight that future studies on the evolution of plant form and function can tap into an unknown diversity at key deep branches of the streptophytes.

scholarly journals Binicilik Antrenörü Gözünde Hippoterapi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2138
Author(s):  
Ali Ekber Ün
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Current Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expert Team ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this review article is to collaborate on future studies about hippotherapy to horse and riding trainers, health professionals, veterinarians, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities and their relatives and to shed light on academic studies. It has been stated in studies that hippotherapy is beneficial for patients in the world. Therefore, as a result of new private hippotherapy centers in public institutions and in Turkey, studies on hippotherapy have been started. The studies carried out in hippotherapy are increasing and widespread and continuing to contribute to the treatment of the individuals in need and individuals with disabilities with hippotherapy sessions with expert teams. However, in the studies, the sessions of the hippotherapy team with two common creatures have great duties on the equestrian coaches in order to meet the needs of the horse and the individual in need or individual with disability. For this reason, since hippotherapy is a multidisciplinary team work consisting of specialist professionals, it has been researched to contribute to the horse and rider coaches on the field and to the expert team attending the sessions, to the new experts and the families of the individuals in need and disabled individuals. In the current review, the information about the history of hippotherapy and development, information about hippotherapy institutions in Turkey, individuals in need and individuals with disabilities, benefits of hippotherapy, characteristics of the hippotherapy horse, training of the hippotherapy horse are emphasized, and especially emphasis is placed on the use of work in the field of horse and equestrian coaching.

E-Government Development and Implementation

2011 ◽  
pp. 497-507
Author(s):  
Wayne Huang ◽  
Yinging Chen ◽  
K. L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Government Research ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Government Development

This article intends to review important research issues in e-government and aims to shed light on future studies on e-government in a global setting. Specifically, this article: (1) reviews the background and development of e-government in developed and developing countries; and (2) identifies and discusses key issues and future trends/challenges in e-government research, which provides some insights and directions for future studies in e-government.

scholarly journals Materialism, social stratification, and ethics: evidence from SME owners in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoyong Su ◽  
Junzhe Ji ◽  
Qingan Huang ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Ethical Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ethical Attitude ◽  
Attitudes Toward Money ◽  
Shed Light

PurposeThe study of business ethics has seldom shed light on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) despite their theoretical and practical significance. Drawing from strain perspective, the purpose of this paper is to address this insufficiency and investigate SME owners’ ethical attitudes toward money-related deviances.Design/methodology/approachBased on a large sample of 741 Chinese SMEs, an OLS regression analysis was employed to test associated hypotheses. The robustness of results was additionally checked.FindingsThe results suggest that for stratification variables, education level is positively related to ethical attitudes, whereas household income level is surprisingly negatively associated with ethical attitudes; for materialism facets, success and happiness exert a negative impact on ethical attitudes as hypothesized, but centrality has no associated impact.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has examined both structural and motivational sources of personal strains on the ethical attitude of SME owners, while the characteristics of these strains could be explored in the future studies.Originality/valueThis study advances and complements the dominant behavior approach that emphasizes cognitive and other psychological processes in explaining individual ethical attitudes. It is also seemingly the first study to examine the influence of three materialism facets on entrepreneurial ethical attitudes.

The Heterogeneity of Memory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. S14-S20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Stip ◽  
Isabelle Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Single Model ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Shed Light

Objective: To characterize the memory dysfunction of schizophrenic patients. Method: The components of the human memory system are described, and then a review of the various memory deficits identified among patients suffering from schizophrenia is presented. Finally, an overview of the latest developments in the comprehension of schizophrenia and a discussion on certain proposals advanced by various researchers in the field intended to shed light on the disorder is provided. Results: Schizophrenia appears to be an amalgamation of many different disorders. No single model for identifying the disorder has been able to encompass every aspect of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Future studies will need to consider new ways of selecting and grouping schizophrenic patients.

Social cognition, brain networks and schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. LEE ◽  
T. F. D. FARROW ◽  
S. A. SPENCE ◽  
P. W. R. WOODRUFF
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Shed Light

Background. A better understanding of the neural basis of social cognition including mindreading (or theory of mind) and empathy might help to explain some deficits in social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Our aim was to review neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies on social cognition, as they may shed light on the neural mechanisms of social cognition and its dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia.Method. A selective literature review was undertaken.Results. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies suggest convergence upon specific networks for mindreading and empathy (the temporal cortex, amygdala and the prefrontal cortex). The frontal lobe is likely to play a central role in enabling social cognition, but mindreading and empathic abilities may require relatively different weighting of subcomponents within the same frontal-temporal social cognition network.Conclusions. Disturbances in social cognition may represent an abnormal interaction between frontal lobe and its functionally connected cortical and subcortical areas. Future studies should seek to explore the heterogeneity of social dysfunction within schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A Genomic Reference Panel for Drosophila serrata

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Reddiex ◽  
Scott L. Allen ◽  
Stephen F. Chenoweth
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Mate Recognition ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Drosophila Serrata ◽  
D Values ◽  
Population Genetic Analyses

AbstractHere we describe a collection of re-sequenced inbred lines of Drosophila serrata, sampled from a natural population situated deep within the species endemic distribution in Brisbane, Australia. D. serrata is a member of the speciose montium group whose members inhabit much of south east Asia and has been well studied for aspects of climatic adaptation, sexual selection, sexual dimorphism, and mate recognition. We sequenced 110 lines that were inbred via 17-20 generations of full-sib mating at an average coverage of 23.5x with paired-end Illumina reads. 15,228,692 biallelic SNPs passed quality control after being called using the Joint Genotyper for Inbred Lines (JGIL). Inbreeding was highly effective and the average levels of residual heterozygosity (0.86%) were well below theoretical expectations. As expected, linkage disequilibrium decayed rapidly, with r2 dropping below 0.1 within 100 base pairs. With the exception of four closely related pairs of lines which may have been due to technical errors, there was no statistical support for population substructure. Consistent with other endemic populations of other Drosophila species, preliminary population genetic analyses revealed high nucleotide diversity and, on average, negative Tajima’s D values. A preliminary GWAS was performed on a cuticular hydrocarbon trait, 2-MeC28 revealing 4 SNPs passing Bonferroni significance residing in or near genes. One gene Cht9 may be involved in the transport of CHCs from the site of production (oenocytes) to the cuticle. Our panel will facilitate broader population genomic and quantitative genetic studies of this species and serve as an important complement to existing D. melanogaster panels that can be used to test for the conservation of genetic architectures across the Drosophila genus.

scholarly journals Changing biological behaviour of NETs during the evolution of the disease: progress on progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. R121-R140
Author(s):  
Krystallenia I Alexandraki ◽  
Ariadni Spyroglou ◽  
Stylianos Kykalos ◽  
Kosmas Daskalakis ◽  
Georgios Kyriakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Biological Phenotype ◽  
Shed Light

Following improvements in the management and outcome of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in recent years, we see a subset, particularly of pancreatic NENs, which become more aggressive during the course of the disease. This is reflected by an increase in the Ki-67 labelling index, as a marker of proliferation, which may lead to an occasion of increase in grading, but generally does not appear to be correlated with histologically confirmed dedifferentiation. A systematic review of the literature was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase until May 2020 to identify cases that have behaved in such a manner. We screened 244 articles: only seven studies included cases in their cohort, or in a subset of the cohort studied, with a proven increase in the Ki-67 during follow-up through additional biopsy. In addition to these studies, we have also tried to identify possible pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in advanced NENs, although currently no studies appear to have addressed the mechanisms implicated in the switch to a more aggressive biological phenotype over the course of the disease. Such progression of the disease course may demand a change in the management. Summarising the overall evidence, we suggest that future studies should concentrate on changes in the molecular pathways during disease progression with sequential biopsies in order to shed light on the mechanisms that render a neoplasm more aggressive than its initial phenotype or genotype.

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