Fate of carotenoids in the closed living system of gall–gall wasp–parasitoid

Chemoecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina I. Nikelshparg ◽  
Daniil N. Bratashov ◽  
Matvey I. Nikelshparg ◽  
Vasily V. Anikin
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Gall Wasp

Slavery and the Trumpocene: It's Not the End of the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Claire Colebrook
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
First Century ◽  
The West ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Geological Period

There is something more catastrophic than the end of the world, especially when ‘world’ is understood as the horizon of meaning and expectation that has composed the West. If the Anthropocene is the geological period marking the point at which the earth as a living system has been altered by ‘anthropos,’ the Trumpocene marks the twenty-first-century recognition that the destruction of the planet has occurred by way of racial violence, slavery and annihilation. Rather than saving the world, recognizing the Trumpocene demands that we think about destroying the barbarism that has marked the earth.

La systémique: son apport à la sylviculture et son rapport au marché | Systemics: its contribution to silviculture and its connection to the market

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Guido Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Living System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Forest Management Plan

The silvicultural principles of a forest management plan for Canton Neuchâtel reveals itself as steeped in a systemic approach that allows us to consider the forest as a truly living system. In this context, it seems judicious to the author to conceive of the body forest personnel as a group of responsible people who share certain common ethics and who, in their work, promote the emergence of collective services recognised as beneficial to the state and which would be supported by public funding for the good of the entire community.

Targeting AMPK in Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Energy Homeostasis, Autophagy and Mitochondrial Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 5207-5229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. Madhavi ◽  
Nikhil Gaikwad ◽  
Veera Ganesh Yerra ◽  
Anil Kumar Kalvala ◽  
Srinivas Nanduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Models Of Disease

Adenosine 5′-monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key enzymatic protein involved in linking the energy sensing to the metabolic manipulation. It is a serine/threonine kinase activated by several upstream kinases. AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex regulated by AMP, ADP, and ATP allosterically. AMPK is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues of the living system such as heart, kidney, liver, brain and skeletal muscles. Thus malfunctioning of AMPK is expected to harbor several human pathologies especially diseases associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction. AMPK activators including synthetic derivatives and several natural products that have been found to show therapeutic relief in several animal models of disease. AMP, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICA riboside) and A769662 are important activators of AMPK which have potential therapeutic importance in diabetes and diabetic complications. AMPK modulation has shown beneficial effects against diabetes, cardiovascular complications and diabetic neuropathy. The major impact of AMPK modulation ensures healthy functioning of mitochondria and energy homeostasis in addition to maintaining a strict check on inflammatory processes, autophagy and apoptosis. Structural studies on AMP and AICAR suggest that the free amino group is imperative for AMPK stimulation. A769662, a non-nucleoside thienopyridone compound which resulted from the lead optimization studies on A-592107 and several other related compound is reported to exhibit a promising effect on diabetes and its complications through activation of AMPK. Subsequent to the discovery of A769662, several thienopyridones, hydroxybiphenyls pyrrolopyridones have been reported as AMPK modulators. The review will explore the structure-function relationships of these analogues and the prospect of targeting AMPK in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors – A Hope for Gout Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
Fatma Sezer Senol Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Intermediate Compound ◽  
Living System ◽  
Ginsenoside Rd ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Urate Crystal ◽  
High Concentrations

: Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy include XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist; intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.

Antimicrobial Potential of Benzimidazole Derived Molecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Bansal ◽  
Manjinder Kaur ◽  
Gulshan Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivative ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Living System ◽  
Axial Ligand ◽  
Benzimidazole Derivatives ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Structural Resemblance ◽  
Privileged Structure ◽  
Anti Hiv

Structural resemblance of benzimidazole nucleus with purine nucleus in nucleotides makes benzimidazole derivatives attractive ligands to interact with biopolymers of a living system. The most prominent benzimidazole compound in nature is N-ribosyldimethylbenzimidazole, which serves as an axial ligand for cobalt in vitamin B12. This structural similarity prompted medicinal chemists across the globe to synthesize a variety of benzimidazole derivatives and to screen those for various biological activities, such as anticancer, hormone antagonist, antiviral, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antiallergic, coagulant, anticoagulant, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Hence, benzimidazole nucleus is considered as a privileged structure in drug discovery, and it is exploited by many research groups to develop numerous compounds that are purported to be antimicrobial. Despite a large volume of research in this area, no novel benzimidazole derived compound has emerged as clinically effective antimicrobial drug. In the present review, we have compiled various reports on benzimidazole derived antimicrobials, classified as monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzimidazoles, bisbenzimidazoles, fused-benzimidazoles, and benzimidazole derivative-metal complexes. The purpose is to collate these research reports, and to generate a generalised outlay of benzimidazole derived molecules that can assist the medicinal chemists in selecting appropriate combination of substituents around the nucleus for designing potent antimicrobials.

Impact of the Asian gall wasp ( Dryocosmus kuriphilus ) on the radial growth of the European chestnut ( Castanea sativa ).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Marcolin ◽  
Mario Pividori ◽  
Fernanda Colombari ◽  
Maria Chiara Manetti ◽  
Francesco Pelleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
European Chestnut

scholarly journals Could Gnomoniopsis castaneae Be Used as a Biological Control Agent against Insect Pests?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4066
Author(s):  
Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽  
Aristeidis Ntoukas ◽  
George T. Tziros ◽  
Konstantinos Poulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

Gnomoniopsis castaneae is the cause of the chestnut brown rot but has been also regarded as an important mortality factor for the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. The question to whether G. castaneae could serve as a natural biocontrol agent against insect pests is investigated in the present study. We used three serious insect pests as experimental model insects: Plodia interpuctella and Trogoderma granarium, which are important pests of stored products, and Myzus persicae, a cosmopolitan, serious pest of annual and perennial crop plants. Although chemical pesticides represent effective control means, they are also related to several environmental and health risks. In search for alternative pest management methods, scientific interest has been focused, inter alia, on the use of entomopathogenic fungi. While Isaria fumosorosea has long been recognized as an effective control agent against several pests, G.castaneae has been very little studied. The present study examined whether and to what extent G. castaneae and I. fumosorosea exhibit insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larvae of P. interpunctella and T. granarium and adults of M. persicae. Mortality was examined in interrelation with dosage and time exposure intervals. Both fungi exhibited pesticidal action. However, G. castaneae induced noteworthy mortality only at very high doses. In general, we concluded that G. castaneae failed to cause high insect pathogenicity at normal doses and may not be an efficient biocontrol agent compared with other entomopathogens. On the other hand, our study reiterates the pathogenic potential of I. fumosorosea. More studies are needed to further our insight into the potential of EF species as a component of IPM.

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