Reinvestigation of THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 grain weight genes in wheat and rice indicates a role in pollen development rather than regulation of auxin content in grains

Research on a Rice Counting Algorithm Based on an Improved MCNN and a Density Map

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23060721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 721

Author(s):

Ao Feng ◽

Hongxiang Li ◽

Zixi Liu ◽

Yuanjiang Luo ◽

Haibo Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Weight ◽

Gaussian Kernel ◽

Density Level ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Original Algorithm ◽

Different Types ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Density Map ◽

Important Basis ◽

Adhesion Condition

The thousand grain weight is an index of size, fullness and quality in crop seed detection and is an important basis for field yield prediction. To detect the thousand grain weight of rice requires the accurate counting of rice. We collected a total of 5670 images of three different types of rice seeds with different qualities to construct a model. Considering the different shapes of different types of rice, this study used an adaptive Gaussian kernel to convolve with the rice coordinate function to obtain a more accurate density map, which was used as an important basis for determining the results of subsequent experiments. A Multi-Column Convolutional Neural Network was used to extract the features of different sizes of rice, and the features were fused by the fusion network to learn the mapping relationship from the original map features to the density map features. An advanced prior step was added to the original algorithm to estimate the density level of the image, which weakened the effect of the rice adhesion condition on the counting results. Extensive comparison experiments show that the proposed method is more accurate than the original MCNN algorithm.

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Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1602113b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 113-125

Author(s):

Gordana Brankovic ◽

Dejan Dodig ◽

Desimir Knezevic ◽

Vesna Kandic ◽

Jovan Pavlov

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Grain Number ◽

Grain Number Per Spike

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.

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Genetic correlations and path-coefficient analysis of yield and quality components in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr0401013z ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 13-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Veselinka Zecevic ◽

Desimir Knezevic ◽

Danica Micanovic

Keyword(s):

Genetic Correlation ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Spike Length ◽

Phenotypic Correlation ◽

Path Coefficient ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Path Coefficient Analysis ◽

Bread Making

The genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield components (productive tillering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, grain weight per plant, harvest index, thousand grain weight) and quality components (grain protein content and sedimentation value) were investigated. The plant material was comprised of 50 genotypes of winter wheat grown during two years. Path- coefficient analysis of genetic correlation coefficients for grain mass/plant and other traits determined interrelationships among grain mass per plant and other yield and bread making quality components. The strongest positive genetic correlation was found between grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight and between spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that grain weight per spike correlated positively and significantly with harvest index and thousand kernel weight. The strongest direct effect on grain weight per plant had harvest index and number of spikelets per spike. The spike length through number of spikelets per spike had the strongest indirect effect on grain weight per plant.

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A major and stable QTL controlling wheat thousand grain weight: identification, characterization, and CAPS marker development

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-020-01147-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Xixian Duan ◽

Haixia Yu ◽

Wujun Ma ◽

Jiaqiang Sun ◽

Yun Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Weight ◽

Marker Development ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Caps Marker

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Full-length transcriptome sequences of Agropyron cristatum facilitate the prediction of putative genes for thousand-grain weight in a wheat-A. cristatum translocation line

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-019-6416-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shenghui Zhou ◽

Jinpeng Zhang ◽

Haiming Han ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Huihui Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Full Length ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Agropyron Cristatum ◽

Reference Sequence ◽

Translocation Line ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Sequencing Platform ◽

Transcriptome Sequences

Abstract Background Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28; genomes PPPP) is a wild relative of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and provides many desirable genetic resources for wheat improvement. However, there is still a lack of reference genome and transcriptome information for A. cristatum, which severely impedes functional and molecular breeding studies. Results Single-molecule long-read sequencing technology from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) was used to sequence full-length cDNA from a mixture of leaves, roots, stems and caryopses and constructed the first full-length transcriptome dataset of A. cristatum, which comprised 44,372 transcripts. As expected, the PacBio transcripts were generally longer and more complete than the transcripts assembled via the Illumina sequencing platform in previous studies. By analyzing RNA-Seq data, we identified tissue-enriched transcripts and assessed their GO term enrichment; the results indicated that tissue-enriched transcripts were enriched for particular molecular functions that varied by tissue. We identified 3398 novel and 1352 A. cristatum-specific transcripts compared with the wheat gene model set. To better apply this A. cristatum transcriptome, the A. cristatum transcripts were integrated with the wheat genome as a reference sequence to try to identify candidate A. cristatum transcripts associated with thousand-grain weight in a wheat-A. cristatum translocation line, Pubing 3035. Conclusions Full-length transcriptome sequences were used in our study. The present study not only provides comprehensive transcriptomic insights and information for A. cristatum but also proposes a new method for exploring the functional genes of wheat relatives under a wheat genetic background. The sequence data have been deposited in the NCBI under BioProject accession number PRJNA534411.

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Functional mutation allele mining of plant architecture and yield-related agronomic traits and characterization of their effects in wheat

BMC Genetics ◽

10.1186/s12863-019-0804-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huijun Guo ◽

Hongchun Xiong ◽

Yongdun Xie ◽

Linshu Zhao ◽

Jiayu Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Leaf Angle ◽

Cytokinin Oxidase ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Wheat Mutant

Abstract Background Wheat mutant resources with phenotypic variation have been developed in recent years. These mutants might carry favorable mutation alleles, which have the potential to be utilized in the breeding process. Plant architecture and yield-related features are important agronomic traits for wheat breeders and mining favorable alleles of these traits will improve wheat characteristics. Results Here we used 190 wheat phenotypic mutants as material and by analyzing their SNP variation and phenotypic data, mutation alleles for plant architecture and yield-related traits were identified, and the genetic effects of these alleles were evaluated. In total, 32 mutation alleles, including three pleiotropic alleles, significantly associated with agronomic traits were identified from the 190 wheat mutant lines. The SNPs were distributed on 12 chromosomes and were associated with plant height (PH), tiller number, flag leaf angle (FLA), thousand grain weight (TGW), and other yield-related traits. Further phenotypic analysis of multiple lines carrying the same mutant allele was performed to determine the effect of the allele on the traits of interest. PH-associated SNPs on chromosomes 2BL, 3BS, 3DL, and 5DL might show additive effects, reducing PH by 10.0 cm to 31.3 cm compared with wild type, which means that these alleles may be favorable for wheat improvement. Only unfavorable mutation alleles that reduced TGW and tiller number were identified. A region on chromosome 5DL with mutation alleles for PH and TGW contained several long ncRNAs, and their sequences shared more than 90% identity with cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase genes. Some of the mutation alleles we mined were colocalized with previously reported QTLs or genes while others were novel; these novel alleles could also result in phenotypic variation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that favorable mutation alleles are present in mutant resources, and the region between 409.5 to 419.8 Mb on chromosome 5DL affects wheat plant height and thousand grain weight.

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Effects of Urea Spray on Wheat in Iraq

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700011704 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 333-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jagdish Seth ◽

K. I. Mosluh

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Foliar Sprays ◽

Plant Plant

SUMMARYAn experiment on wheat (variety Mexipak) was undertaken for two years at the Experimental Farm to study the effects of soil and foliar application of urea. The results indicated appreciable increases in grain yields due to foliar sprays of urea during both years of the experiment; the spray helped to increase yield-contributing factors such as thousand-grain weight, weight of grains per plant, plant height and dry weight.

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Assessment of Variability of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.] Genotypes

Bhutan Journal of Natural Resources & Development ◽

10.17102/cnr.2020.52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 51-61

Author(s):

Manoj Kandel ◽

Suk Gurung ◽

Narayan Dhami ◽

Jiban Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Foxtail Millet ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Leaf Blast ◽

Days To Maturity

Analysis of genetic diversity and variability is an initial step for crop development in a plant breeding program. Thirty foxtail millet genotypes were evaluated for their ten agro-morphological traits viz. grain yield, days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of nodes per tiller, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and leaf blast during April to August season of 2018 at Kabre, Dolakha, Nepal. Clustering was done based on variability observed among the genotypes for all the ten traits by the average linkage method. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The shortest inter cluster distance between Cluster I and Cluster II was 17.63 and the longest was between Cluster IV and Cluster VI with 47.55. Cluster I had the maximum leaf blast score with the minimum leaf length. The Cluster II had the maximum grain yield and days to 50% heading and the number of nodes per tiller. The Cluster III was characterized by the maximum leaf length and leaf blast value. The genotypes grouped into the Cluster IV were characterized by the lowest value of days to 50% heading and 80% days to maturity and those of Cluster V had the maximum thousand-grain weight. The genotypes categorized into Cluster VI had the maximum plant height, leaf length, and panicle length. Cluster II and Cluster V were good because of their agro-morphological traits. The presence of a high level of diversity among the genotypes indicated their suitability for selection in crop breeding programs. Correlation analysis of genotypes having the maximum panicle length leaf area and higher plant height and shorter maturity period are pre-requisite for improvement in grain yield.

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Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) Interference in Drill-Seeded Rice

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00123.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 356-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rakesh K. Godara ◽

Billy J. Williams ◽

Eric P. Webster ◽

James L. Griffin ◽

James P. Geaghan

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Critical Period ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Research ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Rice Season

Field research was conducted near Saint Joseph, LA, in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate Texasweed interference in drill-seeded rice. Season-long Texasweed interference at 1 plant m−2was estimated to cause 5% yield loss. Yield loss from 10 and 50 plants m−2was 31 and 61%, respectively. Yield loss was primarily due to a reduction in effective tillers per square meter. Thousand-grain weight of rice was not affected by season-long Texasweed interference. Path analysis indicated yield component compensation, i.e., a reduction in effective tillers per square meter probably caused an increase in grains per panicle. However, that effect was not strong enough to reverse the detrimental effect of reduced effective tillers per square meter on rice yield. The critical period of Texasweed interference to cause more than 5% yield loss was estimated to be between 0 and 6 wk after rice emergence.

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