Expected genetic advance for thousand grain weight and grain number per spike of bread wheat and durum wheat

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broadsense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Sancevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (?2 g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype ? environment interaction (?2 ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than ?2 g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively.

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Identification and characterization of a natural polymorphism in FT-A2 associated with increased number of grains per spike in wheat

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-03992-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Priscilla Glenn ◽

Junli Zhang ◽

Gina Brown-Guedira ◽

Noah DeWitt ◽

Jason P. Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Tetraploid Wheat ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Yield Component ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Grain Number ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract Key message We discovered a natural FT-A2 allele that increases grain number per spike in both pasta and bread wheat with limited effect on heading time. Abstract Increases in wheat grain yield are necessary to meet future global food demands. A previous study showed that loss-of-function mutations in FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) increase spikelet number per spike (SNS), an important grain yield component. However, these mutations were also associated with reduced fertility, offsetting the beneficial effect of the increases in SNS on grain number. Here, we report a natural mutation resulting in an aspartic acid to alanine change at position 10 (D10A) associated with significant increases in SNS and no negative effects on fertility. Using a high-density genetic map, we delimited the SNS candidate region to a 5.2-Mb region on chromosome 3AS including 28 genes. Among them, only FT-A2 showed a non-synonymous polymorphism (D10A) present in two different populations segregating for the SNS QTL on chromosome arm 3AS. These results, together with the known effect of the ft-A2 mutations on SNS, suggest that variation in FT-A2 is the most likely cause of the observed differences in SNS. We validated the positive effects of the A10 allele on SNS, grain number, and grain yield per spike in near-isogenic tetraploid wheat lines and in an hexaploid winter wheat population. The A10 allele is present at very low frequency in durum wheat and at much higher frequency in hexaploid wheat, particularly in winter and fall-planted spring varieties. These results suggest that the FT-A2 A10 allele may be particularly useful for improving grain yield in durum wheat and fall-planted common wheat varieties.

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Using of GGE biplot in determination of genetic structure and heterotic groups in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Acta Biologica Szegediensis ◽

10.14232/abs.2021.1.17-27 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

Ensieh Es'haghi Shamsabadi ◽

Hossein Sabouri ◽

Habibollah Soughi ◽

Seyed Javad Sajadi ◽

Ahmad Reza Dadras

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Plant Seed ◽

Genotype Environment Interaction ◽

Grain Number Per Spike

The present study was undertaken to analyze diallel data using GGE biplot model to gather information about genetic interrelationships among parents and identiﬁcation of heterotic combinations for yield and yield components in bread wheat varieties. For this purpose, 8 bread wheat genotypes tested across in half-diallel crosses design, GGE biplot technique was used. Parents included the genotypes of Kouhdasht, Karim, Ehsan, Mehregan, N-92-9, Line 17, N80-19 and Atrak. The hybrids obtained from the one-way cross (28 hybrids) in agricultural years of 2016-17 were evaluated as randomized complete block design in two replications on the research farm of Gonbad Kavous University. The evaluated traits included the grain yield, weight of spike grains, number of grains in spike and number of spikes. Additive main eﬀects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) were employed in the evaluation of genotypes; analyses showed signiﬁcant (P< 0.01) G × E, (genotype × environment interaction) with respect to plant seed yield. GGE biplot analysis showed that Karim was as the best general combiners for grain yield, number grain per spike and grain weight per spike, whereas Ehsan had the highest GCA eﬀects for number of spikes. Ehsan and Karim had higher speciﬁc combining ability than other genotypes. The studied genotypes for this trait were divided into two heterotic groups where the ﬁrst group included the genotypes of Kouhdasht, N-92-9, N80-19 and Atrak and the second group contained the genotypes of Line 17, Mehregan and Karim. Mehregan line had a weak combining ability with all testers and N-92-9 had also more power than others. Based on the biplot, the Karim genotype with high general adaptation was introduced as the ideal genotype in terms of grain yield, spike number, grain number per spike and grain weight, so the Karim genotype can be adapted to obtain high yield hybrids.

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Expected genetic advance and stability of phytic acid and antioxidants content in bread and durum wheat

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1603867b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 867-880

Author(s):

Gordana Brankovic ◽

Vesna Dragicevic ◽

Sladjana Zilic ◽

Desimir Knezevic ◽

Nenad Djuric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Components Of Variance ◽

Soluble Phenolics

Fifteen genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fifteen genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were evaluated in the multi-environment trial during 2010-11. and 2011-12 vegetation seasons to investigate components of variance, heritability in a broad sense (h2), expected genetic advance (GA), and stability of phytic acid (PA), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), phytic phosphorus (Pp)/Pi relation, yellow pigment (YP), water soluble phenolics (WSPH) and free protein sulfhydryl groups (PSH) content. The field trials were carried out at three locations in Serbia, as randomized complete block design with four replications. The genetic component of variance (?2g) predominated the genotype ? environment interaction (?2ge) component for: Pi in bread wheat (3.0 times higher), Pp/Pi in bread wheat (2.1 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.2 times higher), YP content in bread wheat (2.2 times higher) and in durum wheat (1.7 times higher), and WSPH content in bread wheat (1.4 times higher). The relation ?2g/?2ge for Pi content in durum wheat was equal to one. The ?2ge prevailed ?2g for: PA in bread wheat (1.7 times higher) and in durum wheat (5.7 times higher), PSH in durum wheat (3.7 times higher), and WSPH in durum wheat (5.2 times higher). High h2 coupled with high expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) were observed for: Pi (93.7% and 26.1%, respectively) in bread wheat, Pp/Pi relation in bread wheat (92.4% and 20.7%, respectively) and in durum wheat (87.2% and 20.8%, respectively), YP content in bread wheat (92.6% and 28.0%, respectively) and in durum wheat (90.7% and 28.1%, respectively), and WSPH content (88.9% and 25.8%, respectively) in bread wheat. PA content in bread and durum wheat had medium to medium high h2 (50.5% and 77.9%, respectively), and low expected GAM (9.9% and 3.7%, respectively). GGE biplots with average-environment coordination (AEC) indicated less stability of durum wheat for PA, WSPH and PSH content.

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Abiotic Stress Response of Near-Isogenic Spring Durum Wheat Lines under Different Sowing Densities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22042053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 2053

Author(s):

Judit Bányai ◽

Marco Maccaferri ◽

László Láng ◽

Marianna Mayer ◽

Viola Tóth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Abiotic Stress Response ◽

Grain Number ◽

Isogenic Lines

A detailed study was made of changes in the plant development, morphology, physiology and yield biology of near-isogenic lines of spring durum wheat sown in the field with different plant densities in two consecutive years (2013–2014). An analysis was made of the drought tolerance of isogenic lines selected for yield QTLs (QYld.idw-2B and QYld.idw-3B), and the presence of QTL effects was examined in spring sowings. Comparisons were made of the traits of the isogenic pairs QYld.idw-3B++ and QYld.idw-3B−− both within and between the pairs. Changes in the polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content of the flag leaf and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the plot were monitored in response to drought stress, and the relationship between these components and the yield was analyzed. In the case of moderate stress, differences between the NIL++ and NIL−− pairs appeared in the early dough stage, indicating that the QYld.idw-3B++ QTL region was able to maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period, resulting in greater grain number and grain weight at the end of the growing period. The chlorophyll content of the flag leaf in phenophases Z77 and Z83 was significantly correlated with the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. The grain yield was greatly influenced by the treatment, while the genotype had a significant effect on the thousand-kernel weight and on the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. When the lines were compared in the non-irrigated treatment, significantly more grains and significantly higher grain weight were observed in the main spike in NIL++ lines, confirming the theory that the higher yields of the QYld.idw-3B++ lines when sown in spring and exposed to drought stress could be attributed to the positive effect of the “Kofa” QTL on chromosome 3B.

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Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps09200 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 91 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Cogliatti ◽

F. Bongiorno ◽

H. Dalla Valle ◽

W J Rogers

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Grain Number ◽

Harvest Maturity ◽

Phalaris Canariensis ◽

Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

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Genetic analysis of spike traits in two- and multi-rowed barley crosses

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1203475m ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 475-482

Author(s):

Milomirka Madic ◽

Desimir Knezevic ◽

Aleksandar Paunovic ◽

Dragan Djurovic

Keyword(s):

Variance Components ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Spike Length ◽

Grain Number ◽

Partial Dominance ◽

Grain Number Per Spike ◽

Diallel Crossing ◽

Barley Genotypes ◽

Mode Of Inheritance

Mode of inheritance and genetic variance components for spike length, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike were evaluated in four parental genotypes and their F1 and F2 hybrids obtained through incomplete diallel crossing. Multi-rowed barley genotypes HVW-247 and Partizan and two-rowed barley genotypes KG-15 and NS-293 were selected for the crossing based on the trait concept with the parents being divergent for spike length, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike. The average values for spike length in F1 and F2 generations were intermediate or close to those of the parent having longer spikes, with the mode of inheritance being partial dominance, dominance or overdominance, depending on the crossing combination. The six-rowed x six-rowed and two-rowed x two-rowed crossing combinations showed dominance of increased grain number per spike and increased grain weight per spike in the inheritance of grain number per spike and grain weight per spike, respectively, whereas the six-rowed x two-rowed cross was predominated by partial dominance.

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Morphological Characteristics of Two-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum ssp. distichum L.) Landraces Originating from Herzegovina

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1804287k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 287

Author(s):

Ivan Kovačević ◽

Đurađ Hajder ◽

Danijela Kondić ◽

Dragan Mandić ◽

Desimir Knežević

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Spike Length ◽

Grain Number ◽

Arithmetic Means ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Barley Landrace ◽

Grain Number Per Spike ◽

Significant Difference

Barley is a small grain cereal, tolerant to high temperatures and drought. Due to this characteristic, it can be regarded as a promising crop for production in dry conditions. Research on five spring landraces of two-rowed barley lasted two experimental years (2011 and 2012) in agro-ecological conditions of Banja Luka. In the experiment, the standard cropping practices were applied, without irrigation. The experiment was set as a complete randomized design with four replications. All measurements were performed in 10 plants per replication. Morphological characteristics included plant height (cm), spike length (cm), grain number per spike and grain weight per spike (g). Obtained data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance with landrace and growing season as main factors. Significant treatment or interaction effects were further analysed by Fisher's least significant difference (LSD) test, often utilized for pairwise comparisons among arithmetic means. In all tested traits the maximum average values were obtained in barley landrace AM2, i.e. the plant height (86.89 cm), the spike length (8.90 cm), the grain number per spike (24.74) and the grain weight per spike (1.17 g). Due to these facts, two-rowed barley landrace AM2 can be marked as the most productive in this research, bearing a potential for different crop breeding practices.

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Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) Interference in Drill-Seeded Rice

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00123.1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 356-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rakesh K. Godara ◽

Billy J. Williams ◽

Eric P. Webster ◽

James L. Griffin ◽

James P. Geaghan

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Critical Period ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Research ◽

Yield Component ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Thousand Grain Weight ◽

Rice Season

Field research was conducted near Saint Joseph, LA, in 2008 and 2009 to evaluate Texasweed interference in drill-seeded rice. Season-long Texasweed interference at 1 plant m−2was estimated to cause 5% yield loss. Yield loss from 10 and 50 plants m−2was 31 and 61%, respectively. Yield loss was primarily due to a reduction in effective tillers per square meter. Thousand-grain weight of rice was not affected by season-long Texasweed interference. Path analysis indicated yield component compensation, i.e., a reduction in effective tillers per square meter probably caused an increase in grains per panicle. However, that effect was not strong enough to reverse the detrimental effect of reduced effective tillers per square meter on rice yield. The critical period of Texasweed interference to cause more than 5% yield loss was estimated to be between 0 and 6 wk after rice emergence.

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Source - sink effects on grain weight of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale at different locations

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar05107 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Daniel F. Calderini ◽

M. P. Reynolds ◽

G. A. Slafer

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Grain Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Breeding Strategies ◽

Source Sink ◽

Source Limitation

Source limitation during grain filling is important for both management and breeding strategies of grain crops. There is little information on the sensitivity of grain weight of temperate cereals to variations in source–sink ratios, and no studies are available on the comparative behaviour of temperate cereals growing together in the same experiment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate, under field conditions, the response of grain weight to different source–sink ratios during grain filling in high-yielding cultivars of bread wheat, durum wheat, and triticale at 2 contrasting locations. Two experiments were carried out at C. Obregon and El Batan in Mexico. In each location, 6 genotypes (2 bread wheat, 2 durum wheat, 2 triticale) were evaluated. A week after anthesis, 2 source–sink (control and halved spikes) treatments were imposed. Location and genotype significantly (P < 0.01) affected grain yield and components. Significant grain weight increases (P < 0.05) were found only in 2 cases in El Batan. The highest response of 17% was found in triticale, with less than 10% in most of the other genotypes. The effect of genotype and location is discussed.

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Correlation, Regression and Path analysis among yield and yield traits in Triticum dicoccum

Journal of Experimental Sciences ◽

10.25081/jes.2018.v9.3653 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 24-27

Author(s):

Maysoun M. Saleh ◽

Dyab S. Moussa ◽

Nader I. Alkaraki ◽

Abbas Lateef Abdurahman

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Grain Number ◽

Triticum Dicoccum ◽

Grain Number Per Spike ◽

Significant Regression

Seven wheat genotypes (Triticum dicoccum) and the local check sham5 were planted all at Al-Ghab and Izra Research centers in The General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research in Syria during growing season 2010/2011. Yield components (number of total and fertile tillers per plant, number and weight of grains per spike, weight of thousand grain and individual plant grain yield) were studied in two sites in order to predict their effect and to determine their effects on grain yield in order to define selection criteria for grain yield. Results revealed all studied traits except total tillers number were positively correlated with grain yield, and only (fertile tillers number and grain number per spike and grain weight per spike) had a significant regression with grain yield and these traits can explain about (27.6, 67.7, 62.2)% respectively of the variation final grain yield. Results of path analysis indicated that the direct effect of fertile tillers per plant and grain weight per spike on grain yield was positive and high (0.6178, 0.7563) respectively, so that we can depend on them in breeding program as selection criteria to increase grain yield in plant.

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