scholarly journals Bullying behaviours and other conduct problems: longitudinal investigation of their independent associations with risk factors and later outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keertana Ganesan ◽  
Sania Shakoor ◽  
Jasmin Wertz ◽  
Jessica Agnew-Blais ◽  
Lucy Bowes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Longitudinal Investigation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Abstract Purpose Bullying behaviours and other conduct problems often co-occur. However, we do not yet know whether bullying behaviours are associated with early factors and later poor outcomes independently of conduct problems. While there are differing, specific interventions for bullying behaviours and for conduct problems, it is unclear if such specificity is justified given parallels between both behaviours. Methods We used prospective data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative sample of 2232 children. Mothers and teachers reported on children’s bullying behaviours and conduct problems at ages 7 and 10. We collected measures of risk factors, including temperament and family factors, when children were age 5. We assessed behavioural, emotional, educational and social problems when participants reached the ages of 12 and 18. Results Bullying behaviours and conduct problems co-occurred in childhood. Our findings indicated that bullying behaviours and other conduct problems were independently associated with the same risk factors. Furthermore, they were associated with the same poor outcomes at both ages 12 and 18. Despite this, bullying behaviours were uniquely associated with behavioural, emotional, educational and social problems at age 18. Conclusions Our findings suggest that anti-bullying programmes and interventions aimed at reducing conduct problems could benefit from greater integration. Furthermore, our study highlights the mental health problems children who bully may face in later years and the need to consider those in intervention plans.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental health problems in schools: poverty and other risk factors among 28 000 adolescents in England

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Suzet Tanya Lereya ◽  
Polly Casey ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
Neil Humphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young People ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Community Based ◽  
School Based ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

SummaryCurrent mental health provision for children is based on estimates of one in ten children experiencing mental health problems. This study analyses a large-scale community-based dataset of 28 160 adolescents to explore school-based prevalence of mental health problems and characteristics that predict increased odds of experiencing them. Findings indicate the scale of mental health problems in England is much higher than previous estimates, with two in five young people scoring above thresholds for emotional problems, conduct problems or hyperactivity. Gender, deprivation, child in need status, ethnicity and age were all associated with increased odds of experiencing mental health difficulties.Declarations of interestNone.

scholarly journals CHILD SUICIDE: FAMILY’S REACTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Lambrini Kourkouta ◽  
Konstantinos Koukourikos ◽  
Christos Iliadis ◽  
Areti Tsaloglidou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Child Suicide ◽  
Previous Suicide Attempt

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health problem, in which relatives play an important role in the prevention of the said problem. However, suicide and suicidal behavior affect the relatives’ lives profoundly, both emotionally and socially. Aim: This study is an initial investigation of families’ emotional and behavioral responses to adolescents’ suicide Methodology: An extensive literary review of relevant articles for the period 2000-2017, was performed using Medline, PubMed and Google databases, with the following key words: “child suicide, parent’s reactions, bereavement, risk factors, warnings sign, and mental health problems”. Results: Suicide is uncommon in childhood but becomes an extremely serious issue among adolescents. Several risk factors have been identified and include the presence of psychiatric illness, a previous suicide attempt, family factors, substance abuse, sexual and physical abuse, or bullying. The death of a child of any age is extremely painful for parents. Most parents experience a profound sense of guilt, shame, pain, depression when harm comes to their child, even if through no fault of their own. The same feelings are often present and are associated with help seeking in siblings bereaved by suicide. All of these factors lead to a devastating grief that is much longer lasting than most people realize. Conclusion: Families that have experienced a suicide present severe prolonged grief with many psychological and physical symptoms such as depression, feelings of guilt, shame, pain, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes. However, the psychosocial impact on families is a very important issue who needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Externalizing the threat from within: A new direction for researching associations between suicide and psychotic experiences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jamie Murphy ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Richard Bentall ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Panel Models ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Abstract A recent suicidal drive hypothesis posits that psychotic experiences (PEs) may serve to externalize internally generated and self-directed threat (i.e., self-injurious/suicidal behavior [SIB]) in order to optimize survival; however, it must first be demonstrated that such internal threat can both precede and inform PEs. The current study conducted the first known bidirectional analysis of SIB and PEs to test whether SIB could be considered as a plausible antecedent for PEs. Prospective data were utilized from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2232 twins, that captured SIB (any self-harm or suicidal attempt) and PEs at ages 12 and 18 years. Cross-lagged panel models demonstrated that the association between SIB at age 12 and PEs at age 18 was as strong as the association between PEs at age 12 and SIB at age 18. Indeed, the best representation of the data was a model where these paths were constrained to be equal (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.63–3.79). Clinical interview case notes for those who reported both SIB and PEs at age 18, revealed that PEs were explicitly characterized by SIB/threat/death-related content for 39% of cases. These findings justify further investigation of the suicidal drive hypothesis.

Treating the Child and Adolescent in the Family and Social Context

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Lochman ◽  
Nicole Powell ◽  
Caroline Boxmeyer ◽  
Meghan L. Sallee ◽  
Casey Dillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Contextual Risk Factors

Conduct problems and depression are two commonly occurring mental health problems affecting youth. For both conduct problems and depression, risk factors in the family, peer, and school contexts can contribute to the development and maintenance of these disorders in young people. Addressing contextual risk factors can lead to improvements in conduct problems and symptoms of depression. This chapter provides an overview of contextual risk factors for conduct problems and depression, and it reviews several effective interventions for treating each disorder. Outcome results are summarized for these interventions, as well as some of the major activities and objectives. The role of family, peer, and school contexts in the treatment of conduct problems and depression is highlighted.

Association between Criminological Risk Factors and Mental Health Problems among Urban Jail Inmates

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernie Gonzalez ◽  
Jorge G. Varela ◽  
Erika J. Canales ◽  
Alexandra Tellez ◽  
Amy B. Percosky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Jail Inmates

Sociodemographic inequalities in lifetime treatment seeking and receipt for common mental health problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rayner ◽  
Jonathan Richard Iain Coleman ◽  
Kirstin Lee Purves ◽  
Ewan Carr ◽  
Rosa Cheesman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Lifetime Treatment

Background: Anxiety and depressive disorders can be chronic and disabling, and are associated with poor outcomes. Whilst there are effective treatments, access to these is variable and only a fraction of those in need receive treatment. Aims: The primary aim was to investigate sociodemographic correlates of lifetime treatment access and unpick the relationships between socioeconomic features and treatment inequalities. As such, we aimed to identify groups at greatest risk of never accessing treatment and targets for intervention. Methods: We tested for sociodemographic factors associated with treatment access in UK Biobank participants with lifetime generalised anxiety or major depressive disorder, performing multivariable logistic regressions on two binary outcomes: treatment-seeking (n=33,704) and treatment receipt (n=28,940). Results: Treatment access was less likely in those who were male, from a UK ethnic minority background and who self-medicated with alcohol or drugs. Treatment access was more likely in those who reported use of self-help strategies, with lower income (<£30,000) and greater neighbourhood deprivation, as well as those with a university degree. Conclusion: This work on lifetime treatment seeking and receipt replicates known correlates of treatment receipt during time of treatment need. Our focus on treatment-seeking and receipt highlights two targets for improving treatment access. More work is required to understand the psychosocial barriers to treatment, which mediate the associations observed here.

Loneliness, social isolation and cardiovascular risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Alun ◽  
Barbara Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly being acknowledged as risk factors for both physical and mental health problems. Recent statistics demonstrate that loneliness and isolation are on the rise internationally, to the point of being classed as an epidemic. In this paper, the authors outline some of the recent research linking loneliness and isolation to significant chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes; mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression; cognitive disorders and dementia. Isolation has also been shown to compromise recovery after acute cardiac events, being associated with increased hospital readmission and premature death. Indeed, isolation has now been identified as a risk factor equivalent in effect to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and obesity. While distinguishing between objective and subjective indicators of isolation, the authors highlight the complexity of this phenomenon, both in terms of definition and measurement, as well as the interplay between subjective and objective indicators. Important clinical implications for health professionals working with cardiac patients are also proposed, in terms of screening for isolation, and possible interventions to support patients at risk of isolation. The aim of the current article is to emphasise the importance of acknowledging loneliness and isolation as key risk factors requiring urgent attention, both in research and in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Risk factors of poor prognosis and impairment of activities of daily living in patients with hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Arai ◽  
Jun Kato ◽  
Nobuo Toda ◽  
Ken Kurokawa ◽  
Chikako Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Gastroduodenal Ulcers ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Background Impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) due to hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers (HGU) has rarely been evaluated. We analyzed the risk factors of poor prognosis, including mortality and impairment of ADL, in patients with HGU. Methods In total, 582 patients diagnosed with HGU were retrospectively analyzed. Admission to a care facility or the need for home adaptations during hospitalization were defined as ADL decline. The clinical factors were evaluated: endoscopic features, need for interventional endoscopic procedures, comorbidities, symptoms, and medications. The risk factors of outcomes were examined with multivariate analysis. Results Advanced age (> 75 years) was a significant predictor of poor prognosis, including impairment of ADL. Additional significant risk factors were renal disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.44–8.14) for overall mortality, proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) usage prior to hemorrhage (OR 5.80; 95% CI 2.08–16.2), and heart disease (OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.11–8.43) for the impairment of ADL. Analysis of elderly (> 75 years) subjects alone also revealed that use of PPIs prior to hemorrhage was a significant predictor for the impairment of ADL (OR 8.24; 95% CI 2.36–28.7). Conclusion In addition to advanced age, the presence of comorbidities was a risk of poor outcomes in patients with HGU. PPI use prior to hemorrhage was a significant risk factor for the impairment of ADL, both in overall HGU patients and in elderly patients alone. These findings suggest that the current strategy for PPI use needs reconsideration.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults from Mexico: a secondary data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001789
Author(s):  
Teresa Alvarez-Cisneros ◽  
Paloma Roa-Rojas ◽  
Carmen Garcia-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

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