Drought Alleviated the Negative Effects of Elevated O3 on Lonicera maackii in Urban Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Wei Fu ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Lonicera Maackii ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Elevated O3

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physiological Characteristics, Photoassimilates, and Total Ascorbate in Early and Late Sown Indian Wheat Cultivars under Exposure to Elevated Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Durgesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhavna Jaiswal ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Selection Of

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is detrimental to crop’s productivity and is one of the reasons for a warmer climate. The present study describes diurnal changes in gaseous exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbic acid, and photoassimilate parameters in flag leaves of four Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (two early sown and two late sown cultivars) under ambient and elevated O3 treatments, using the open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic rate (Ps), sucrose, and ascorbic acid content varied according to changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and O3 concentrations during the daytime and were maximum between 10:00 to 12:00. The present study suggested that elevated O3 caused more negative effects on photosystem II in early sown compared to late sown cultivars. The greater loss of photosynthesis led to lower production of photoassimilates in early sown cultivars, which utilized more assimilates in ascorbic acid formation for detoxification of ROS formed due to elevated O3. This work will also help to identify the robustness of physiological machinery in different wheat cultivars under elevated levels of O3, and may be used for selection of suitable cultivars during future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Impacts of urban land-surface forcing on ozone air quality in the Seoul metropolitan area

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2177-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Ryu ◽  
J.-J. Baik ◽  
K.-H. Kwak ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
N. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Boundary Layer ◽  
Breeze Circulation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area

Abstract. Modified local meteorology owing to heterogeneities in the urban–rural surface can affect urban air quality. In this study, the impacts of urban land-surface forcing on ozone air quality during a high ozone (O3) episode in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea, are investigated using a high-resolution chemical transport model (CMAQ). Under fair weather conditions, the temperature excess (urban heat island) significantly modifies boundary layer characteristics/structures and local circulations. The modified boundary layer and local circulations result in an increase in O3 levels in the urban area of 16 ppb in the nighttime and 13 ppb in the daytime. Enhanced turbulence in the deep urban boundary layer dilutes pollutants such as NOx, and this contributes to the elevated O3 levels through the reduced O3 destruction by NO in the NOx-rich environment. The advection of O3 precursors over the mountains near Seoul by the prevailing valley-breeze circulation in the mid- to late morning results in the build-up of O3 over the mountains in conjunction with biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions there. As the prevailing local circulation in the afternoon changes to urban-breeze circulation, the O3-rich air masses over the mountains are advected over the urban area. The urban-breeze circulation exerts significant influences on not only the advection of O3 but also the chemical production of O3 under the circumstances in which both anthropogenic and biogenic (natural) emissions play important roles in O3 formation. As the air masses that are characterized by low NOx and high BVOC levels and long OH chain length are advected over the urban area from the surroundings, the ozone production efficiency increases in the urban area. The relatively strong vertical mixing in the urban boundary layer embedded in the sea-breeze inflow layer reduces NOx levels, thus contributing to the elevated O3 levels in the urban area.

scholarly journals Presence of heavy metals in the soil of urban areas of Lukavac and Kalesija and malignant disease prevalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Brekalo Lazarević ◽  
Edina Handžić ◽  
Abdel Đozić ◽  
Ivana Lazarević ◽  
Zahida Ademović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Living Organisms

The development of industry, agriculture, transport and urbanization has resulted in excessive emissions of heavy metals into the environment, which due to their bioaccumulative properties express negative effects on the environment and living organisms as a whole. In this work the presence of heavy metals in the soil samples of the urban area of Lukavac and Kalesija municipality and their effect on the health of the population were studied. Soil samples were collected in October 2017 at five locations in the urban area of Lukavac municipality and two urban locations in Kalesija municipality. Concentrations of chromium (Cr) copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in the soil samples were determined. The results indicated that in some locations the concentration of heavy metals exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). MPC value for chromium was exceeded at four locations in the urban area of Lukavac, whereas MPC value for nickel and cadmium was exceeded at all locations. In Kalesija, MPC value was exceeded for chromium and nickel at one location, while cadmium MPC was exceeded at both locations. The negative impact of heavy metals on the health of the population is the cause of many malignant diseases. Statistical analysis of the number of patients with malignant diseases in the area of the Lukavac and Kalesija revealed significantly higher prevalence of malignant diseases of the lungs, breast, skin and cervix in the Lukavac (p<0,05) in comparisson to Kalesija municipality.

scholarly journals Planeamiento urbanístico durante la burbuja y la posterior resaca inmobiliaria: de los excesos del neodesarrollismo a las dificultades de un urbanismo corrector. El caso del área urbana de León = Urban planning during the Spanish housing bubble and after its outbrake: the difficulties of a corrective urbanism. Leon city urban area as a case-study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eduardo De Santiago Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel González García
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Housing Bubble ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
San Andres ◽  
Municipal Level

ResumenEn este artículo se presenta el planeamiento urbanístico del área urbana de León como ejemplo paradigmático del enfoque neodesarrollista que fue característico del pasado boom inmobiliario español, combinando liberalización del suelo y apuesta por el crecimiento residencial como motor económico. Se analizan también sus efectos territoriales, en particular el exceso y la sobredimensión del suelo clasificado, y la situación urbanística una vez producido el estallido de la burbuja. Para ello, el trabajo examina en detalle los planes vigentes en varios municipios (León, San Andrés, Villaquilambre, Garrafe, Villaturiel), tanto desde el punto de vista cualitativo como cuantitativo. Se repasan también los escasos instrumentos existentes en la actualidad para la reconducción y corrección de estos efectos negativos, destacando como conclusión la necesidad de diseñar herramientas específicas, de activar la ordenación del territorio a escala supramunicipal y de repensar el planeamiento a escala municipal.AbstractThis article presents the urban planning of the urban area of León as a paradigmatic example of the expansive approach characteristic of the recent Spanish housing bubble. Its territorial effects are also analysed, in particular the excess and oversize of land classification, and the situation after the bubble outbreak. For this, the paper examines the plans in various municipalities, both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view. The few instruments currently in existence for the correction of these negative effects are also reviewed, highlighting as a conclusion the need to design specific tools, and to activate spatial planning at the supramunicipal scale and to rethink planning at the municipal level.

scholarly journals Impacts of urban land-surface forcing on air quality in the Seoul metropolitan area

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 25791-25832
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Ryu ◽  
J.-J. Baik ◽  
K.-H. Kwak ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
N. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Boundary Layer ◽  
Breeze Circulation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Seoul Metropolitan Area

Abstract. Modified local meteorology owing to heterogeneities in the urban-rural surface can affect urban air quality. In this study, the impacts of urban land-surface forcing on air quality during a high ozone (O3) episode in the Seoul metropolitan area, South Korea, are investigated using a high-resolution chemical transport model (CMAQ). Under a fair weather condition, the temperature excess (urban heat island) significantly modifies boundary layer characteristics/structures and local circulations. The modified boundary layer and local circulations result in an increase in O3 levels in the urban area of 16 ppb in the nighttime and 13 ppb in the daytime. Enhanced turbulence in the deepened urban boundary layer dilutes pollutants such as NOx, and this contributes to the elevated O3 levels through the less O3 destruction by NO in the NOx-rich environment. The advection of O3 precursors over the mountains near Seoul by the prevailing valley-breeze circulation in the mid- to late morning results in the build-up of O3 over the mountains in conjunction with biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions there. As the prevailing local circulation in the afternoon changes to urban-breeze circulation, the O3-rich air masses over the mountains are advected over the urban area. The urban-breeze circulation exerts significant influences on not only the advection process but also the chemical process under the circumstances in which both anthropogenic and biogenic (natural) emissions play important roles in forming O3. The intrusion of the air masses, characterized by low NOx and high BVOC levels and long OH chain length, from surroundings increases ozone production efficiency in the urban area, thus leading to more O3 production. The relatively strong vertical mixing in the urban boundary layer embedded in the sea-breeze inflow layer reduces NOx levels, thus contributing to the elevated O3 levels in the urban area.

Ethylenediurea (EDU) pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated O3 on Populus alba “Berolinensis” in an urban area

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Kent Burkey ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Pin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Elevated O3

scholarly journals Urban Real Estate Values and Ecosystem Disservices: An Estimate Model Based on Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6304
Author(s):  
Antonio Nesticò ◽  
Marianna La Marca
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
Ecosystem Disservices

It is well known that production activities are often the cause of ecosystem disservices. Such disservices can have serious effects on urban real estate values. But how much is the contraction that the market values of housing suffer due to the polluting emissions produced by a medium-sized foundry? And how large is the urban area within which buildings are depreciated? With this research we intend to give an answer. To this aim, with specific regard to urban apartments free from contractual constraints, the use of multiple regression analysis makes it possible to obtain a function that explains the real estate value through multiple variables, one of which is representative of the ecosystem disservice. The study reveals that the urban area that suffers from the negative effects of polluting industrial activities on property prices can be extensive. On the other hand, the contractions of real estate values can even reach 43%. These results, for the first time expressed in quantitative terms, must direct towards urban planning interventions, and more generally of economic policy, aimed at minimizing the environmental impacts of production activities. This is not only for the essential obligations to protect environment and human health, but also in relation to the direct economic implications of the decrease in the value of real estate.

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