scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physiological Characteristics, Photoassimilates, and Total Ascorbate in Early and Late Sown Indian Wheat Cultivars under Exposure to Elevated Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Durgesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhavna Jaiswal ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Selection Of

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is detrimental to crop’s productivity and is one of the reasons for a warmer climate. The present study describes diurnal changes in gaseous exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbic acid, and photoassimilate parameters in flag leaves of four Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (two early sown and two late sown cultivars) under ambient and elevated O3 treatments, using the open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic rate (Ps), sucrose, and ascorbic acid content varied according to changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and O3 concentrations during the daytime and were maximum between 10:00 to 12:00. The present study suggested that elevated O3 caused more negative effects on photosystem II in early sown compared to late sown cultivars. The greater loss of photosynthesis led to lower production of photoassimilates in early sown cultivars, which utilized more assimilates in ascorbic acid formation for detoxification of ROS formed due to elevated O3. This work will also help to identify the robustness of physiological machinery in different wheat cultivars under elevated levels of O3, and may be used for selection of suitable cultivars during future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility related traits in two double haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Double Haploid ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Major Qtl ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with a higher grain number per spike (GN) and occasionally higher grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). This task could be facilitated with the use of molecular markers such us single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two double haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 x BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 x BioINTA 2002, BP11xB2002 and B19xB2002). Both populations were genotyped with the iSelect 90K SNP array and evaluated in four (BP11xB19) or five (B19xB2002) environments. We identify a total of 305 QTL for 14 traits, however 28 QTL for 12 traits were considered significant with an R2 > 10% and stable for being present at least in three environments. There were detected eight hotspot regions on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B were at least two major QTL sheared confident intervals. QTL on two of these regions have previously been described, but the other six regions were never observed, suggesting that these regions would be novel. The R5A1 (QSL.perg-5A, QCN.perg-5A,QGN.perg-5A) and R5A.2 (QFFTS.perg-5A, QGW.perg-5A) regions together with the QGW.perg-6B resulted in a final higher yield suggesting them to have high relevance as candidates to be used in MAS to improve yield.Author contribution statementKey message28 stable and major QTL for 12 traits associated to spike fertility, GN and GW were detected. Two regions on 5A Ch., and QGW.perg-6B showed direct pleiotropic effects on yield.

scholarly journals Water Stress Affects the Some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Twenty Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Field Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13736
Author(s):  
Nazeer Ali Panhwar ◽  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek ◽  
Gul Muhammad Baloch ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Water

Water stress has become one of the foremost constraints to agricultural development, mostly in areas that are deficient in water. A field trial has been conducted to evaluate the performance of different twenty wheat genotypes under three stress treatments viz., control (T0) = normal watering, stress-1 (T1) = water stress from tillering up to maturity, and stress-2 (T2) = water stress from anthesis to maturity were used as treatments. The results revealed that a highly significant (p < 0.01) difference was observed among twenty wheat cultivars for morpho-physiological traits except for several tillers plant−1, spikeletspike−1, and relative water content. In the early days, 50% flowering was noted in Anmole-91 (64.33 days) under (T0), while Anmol-91 showed a relative decrease (RD-1) (−2.34 days) at days 50% flowering in (T1). The TJ-83 genotype showed an early response (−8.34 day) at days to 50% flowering under stress-2 (T2), but TD-I (−3.34) was observed to be relatively tolerant. Underwater stress from tillering to maturity (T1) SKD-1 was found more susceptible (−36.7 days) than other cultivars. Wheat cultivar Soghat-90 showed maximum RD-1 (−24.7) for grain yield plant−1 in stress-1 (T1) from tillering to maturity. Anmole-91, NIA-Sarang, and TD-I observed minimum was (−6) in the same water stress for various traits. Therefore, the findings of present work revealed that the best performing genotypes can be recommended for effective cultivation in future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIMA KARA ◽  
MALIKA RACHED-KANOUNI ◽  
SAMAH MNASRI ◽  
Hichem Khammar ◽  
M’BAREK BEN NACEUR
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Kara K, Rached-Kanouni M, Mnasri S, Khammar H, Ben Naceur MB. 2020. Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 2638-2644. The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 has been scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity was calculated by molecular derived data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes were grouped in two clear clusters according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and was subdivided into four sub-groups. This high level of diversity revealed among the accessions of wheat, grown in Algeria could be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity and Association Mapping of Ascorbic Acid Content in Spinach

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Rueda ◽  
Henry O. Awika ◽  
Renesh Bedre ◽  
Devi R. Kandel ◽  
Kranthi K. Mandadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
A Genome

Ascorbic acid (AsA), or vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans. In plants, AsA functions as an antioxidant during normal metabolism or in response to stress. Spinach is a highly nutritious green leafy vegetable that is consumed fresh, cooked or as a part of other dishes. One current goal in spinach breeding programs is to enhance quality and nutritional content. However, little is known about the diversity of nutritional content present in spinach germplasm, especially for AsA content. In this study, a worldwide panel of 352 accessions was screened for AsA content showing that variability in spinach germplasm is high and could be utilized for cultivar improvement. In addition, a genome-wide association study for marker-trait association was performed using three models, and associated markers were searched in the genome for functional annotation analysis. The generalized linear model (GLM), the compressed mixed linear model (CMLM) based on population parameters previously determined (P3D) and the perMarker model together identified a total of 490 significant markers distributed across all six spinach chromosomes indicating the complex inheritance of the trait. The different association models identified unique and overlapping marker sets, where 27 markers were identified by all three models. Identified high AsA content accessions can be used as parental lines for trait introgression and to create segregating populations for further genetic analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that identified markers can differentiate between high and low AsA content accessions and that, upon validation, these markers should be useful for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

LIFE CYCLE AND REPRODUCTION OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WHEAT IN THE LABORATORY1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foster ◽  
S. S. Stamenkovic ◽  
J. E. Araya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle

The life span and reproduction of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), was studied in chambers at 25 ± 0.5°C and a 12:12 hr light:dark cycle on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cvs. Blueboy, Monon, Seneca, Knox 62, and Arthur 71, and oats (Avena sativa L.) cv. Clintland 64 (C64). The life cycle, wing formation, fecundity, and longevity of R. padi varied significantly among cultivars. Apterae and alatae longevity were similar on the same cultivar. Wingless R. padi lived for 24.9–29.6 days on wheat cultivars and 33.1 days on C64 oats. The alatae lived for 26.6–28.3 days on wheats and 33.2 days on C64 oats. Differences in the longevity of alatae were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) between C64 and the wheats Knox 62 and Seneca, as well as between Blueboy, Arthur 71, and Monon. On wheat, the reproductive period lasted longer in wingless (24.9–29.6 days) than in winged (26.6–28.3 days) aphids. Clintland 64 oats were the most suitable host for R. padi (apterae and alatae mean progeny of 38.7 nymphs per famale). On wheat, progeny production ranged from 6.4 nymphs on Seneca to 24.0 on Blueboy. The least suitable hosts for R. padi were the Seneca and Know 62 cultivars. These cultivars showed a relative antibiosis type of resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid. Selections from Seneca and Know 62 may be of use in wheat breeding programs for plant resistance against R. padi.

ASCORBIC ACID IN RED RASPBERRY FRUIT AND LEAVES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. FEJER ◽  
F. B. JOHNSTON ◽  
MADELEINE M. HAMMILL ◽  
L. P. S. SPANGELO
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Ascorbic acid content of leaves of 30 red raspberry clones was much higher than that of the fruits. In spite of seasonal variation both in leaf and fruit, ascorbic acid content of any clone was relatively similar in the same seasons of two consecutive years. However, the relation of leaf to fruit ascorbic acid was very variable between harvests, ranging from significantly negative to positive correlations. Thus, a selection of high ascorbic acid in the leaf to increase this compound in the fruit is not possible at the present stage, although there were indications that the content of the leaf is inherited by the seedlings. Dehydroascorbic acid was very low in the fall-fruiting Comet raspberry. High ascorbic acid content was related to early leaf fall in the present material.

PROLONGED FREEZING OF DARK-HARDENED SEEDLINGS FOR RATING AND SELECTION OF WINTER WHEATS FOR WINTER SURVIVAL ABILITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. THOMAS ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE ◽  
D. W. A. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Freezing Procedure ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Selection Of

Winter survival ability is an important trait in cultivars of winter wheats (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) bred for cold climates; however, it is laborious to measure accurately under field conditions. This report evaluates a simple artificial freezing procedure as a screening test for winter survival ability. Duration of survival of germinating seedlings of wheat cultivars germinated and hardened in a dark cabinet (8 wk at +0.75 °C) and frozen for long periods also in the dark (up to 12 wk at −10 °C) correlated closely (r = 0.9) with winter survival ability in the field. The cultivar Norstar was fully vernalized on completion of the test but Sundance was not. Extra exposure to vernalizing conditions may therefore be necessary to obtain seed from all survivors. Freezing for 2 wk at −5 °C following 7 wk at +0.75 °C increased the duration of cold resistance at −10 °C but did not improve the prediction of winter survival ability in the field, nor did it complete the vernalization of Sundance.Key words: Cold resistance, frost resistance, winter hardiness

scholarly journals Simple Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Leaf Rust in Six Spring Wheat Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki ◽  
Reda I. Omara ◽  
Nor-Eldin K. Soliman ◽  
Mohammed A. Najeeb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Selection Of

Leaf rust disease affects wheat stems, leaves, and grains can lead up to 20% loss in the yield. The promising wheat breeding programs focusing on developing cultivars that have high-yielding and are resistance in wheat-growing areas where leaf rust is common. The inheritance and genetic nature of partial resistance were studied in six parental Egyptian wheat cultivars i.e., Sakha-93, Gemmeiza-9, Gemmeiza-10, Gemmeiza-11, Sids-12, Sids-13, and their F1 and F2 crosses, using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The results proved that partial resistance to leaf rust disease in the wheat cultivars was quantitative trait loci, with the dominance effects being more pronounced in its genetic expression. This type of resistance was controlled by one, two or three gene pairs in the adult stage and the heritability in its broad-sense was generally high (ranging from 81.73% to 93.25%). This indicated that the selection of partial resistance materials in the early generation was possible, while it is more effective if delayed, due to the important role of the dominance effects in the expression of this trait.

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