Bone outcomes and technical measurement issues of bone health among children and adolescents: Considerations for nutrition and physical activity intervention trials

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne A. Fulkerson ◽  
John H. Himes ◽  
Simone A. French ◽  
Sally Jensen ◽  
Moira A. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Measurement Issues ◽  
Technical Measurement ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Trials

scholarly journals Sensory Profile of Adults with Reduced Food Intake and the Potential Roles of Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1120-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Eve Mathieu ◽  
Ryan E R Reid ◽  
Neil A King
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Sensory Training

ABSTRACT The sensory profile, referring to sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch, plays an essential role in optimizing the habitual intake of energy and macronutrients. However, specific populations, such as older adults, are known to have impaired energy intake. In this paper, the relevance of sensory impairments in this older population is described, and the extent to which nutritional and physical activity interventions can modulate these sensory responses when food intake is insufficient is explored. With aging, all senses deteriorate, and in most cases, such deteriorations diminish the nutritional response. The only exception is sight, for which both positive and negative impacts on nutritional response have been reported. From a prevention perspective, nutritional interventions have been understudied, and to date, only hearing is known to be positively affected by a good nutritional profile. In comparison, physical activity has been more frequently studied in this context, and is linked to an improved preservation of 4 senses. Regarding treatment, very few studies have directly targeted sensory training, and the focus of research has tended to be on nutrition and physical activity intervention. Sensory training, and nutritional and physical activity treatments all have beneficial effects on the senses. In the future, researchers should focus on exploring gaps in the literature specifically concerning prevention, treatment, and sensory response to understand how to improve the efficacy of current approaches. In order to maintain sensory acuity and recover from sensory impairment, the current state of knowledge supports the importance of improving nutritional habits as well as physical activity early on in life. A combined approach, linking a detailed lifestyle profile with the assessment of numerous senses and one or more interventional approaches (nutrition, physical activity, sensory training, etc.), would be required to identify effective strategies to improve the nutritional state of older individuals.

scholarly journals School-Based Interventions Targeting Nutrition and Physical Activity, and Body Weight Status of African Children: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodosia Adom ◽  
Anniza De Villiers ◽  
Thandi Puoane ◽  
André Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
African Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

Background: Overweight/obesity is an emerging health concern among African children. The aim of this study was to summarise available evidence from school-based interventions that focused on improving nutrition and physical activity knowledge, attitude, and behaviours, and weight status of children aged 6–15 years in the African context. Methods: Multiple databases were searched for studies evaluating school-based interventions of African origin that involved diet alone, physical activity alone, or multicomponent interventions, for at least 12 weeks in duration, reporting changes in either diet, physical activity, or body composition, and published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2018. No language restrictions were applied. Relevant data from eligible studies were extracted. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse and describe the data. Results: This systematic review included nine interventions comprising 10 studies. Studies were conducted among 9957 children and adolescents in two African countries, namely South Africa and Tunisia, and were generally of low methodological quality. The sample size at baseline ranged from 28 to 4003 participants. Two interventions reported enrolling children from both urban and rural areas. The majority of the study participants were elementary or primary school children and adolescents in grades 4 to 6. Participants were between the ages of 12.4 and 13.5 years. All but one intervention targeted children of both sexes. Four studies were described as randomised control trials, while five were pre- and post-test quasi-experiments. Except for one study that involved the community as a secondary setting, all were primarily school-based studies. The duration of the interventions ranged from four months to three years. The interventions focused largely on weight-related behaviours, while a few targeted weight status. The results of the effectiveness of these interventions were inconsistent: three of five studies that evaluated weight status (body mass index (BMI), BMI z-score, overweight/obesity prevalence), three of six studies that reported physical activity outcomes (number of sports activities, and physical activity duration ≥ 30 min for at least six days/week), and four of six reporting on nutrition-related outcomes (number meeting fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 5 times/day) found beneficial effects of the interventions. Conclusion: Given the dearth of studies and the inconsistent results, definite conclusions about the overall effectiveness and evidence could not be made. Nonetheless, this study has identified research gaps in the childhood obesity literature in Africa and strengthened the need for further studies, the findings of which would contribute valuable data and inform policy.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis on Intervention Effects of Physical Activities on Children and Adolescents with Autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Huang ◽  
Chunjie Du ◽  
Jianjin Liu ◽  
Guangxin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Adolescents With Autism

This paper aimed to discuss the intervention effects of physical activities on children and adolescents with autism with a meta-analysis so as to serve as a reference to further relevant research on the same topic. As for research methods, by searching in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang data, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and other databases, this study collected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the intervention of physical activities on children and adolescents with autism and used Review Manager 5.3 software to process and analyze the outcome indicators of the literature. As for the result, a total of 12 papers and 492 research targets were selected. The results of the meta-analysis show that physical activity had a significant positive impact on social interaction ability, communication ability, motor skills, and autism degree of autistic children as well as the social skills and communication skills of autistic adolescents. On the other hand, physical activity had no significant effect on the stereotyped behavior of autistic children and adolescents. In conclusion, physical activity intervention is beneficial to children and adolescents with autism, and continuous physical activity intervention can produce greater intervention effect.

Impact of school-based nutrition and physical activity intervention on body mass index eight years after cessation of randomized controlled trial (AVall study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2592-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Assumpta Recasens ◽  
Eva Xicola-Coromina ◽  
Josep-Maria Manresa ◽  
Pierre Antoine Ullmo ◽  
Bjarne Bruun Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
School Based ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

Top 10 Research Questions Related to Physical Activity and Bone Health in Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen F. Janz ◽  
David Q. Thomas ◽  
M. Allison Ford ◽  
Skip M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Research Questions

scholarly journals A Community-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention for Children Who Are Overweight or Obese and Their Caregivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Xu ◽  
Stephanie Marchand ◽  
Celeste Corcoran ◽  
Heather DiBiasio ◽  
Rachel Clough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Collaborative Community ◽  
Body Strength ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity

There is a need for efficacious interventions to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity, and a limited body of research suggests that collaborative community-based programs designed for children and their caregivers may be effective in reducing obesity rates. This paper reports the results of a community-based obesity intervention, South County Food, Fitness and Fun (SCFFF), designed for preadolescent children who are overweight or obese and their caregivers. SCFFF was developed in response to community concerns. Families were referred to the program by their physician and participated in the program at no cost. The 16-week intervention includes weekly group nutrition and physical activity sessions. Analyses determined that 65 out of the 97 children who completed SCFFF provided 2-year follow-up data and had reduced BMIz-scores over 2 years following the intervention. These participants decreased their energy, fat, carbohydrate, saturated fat, and sodium intake and increased core body strength and endurance from baseline to the end of the intervention. SCFFF was effective in reducing relative weight and improving diet and core muscle strength and endurance in children who are overweight or obese.

Control Group Improvements in Physical Activity Intervention Trials and Possible Explanatory Factors: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Waters ◽  
Marina Reeves ◽  
Brianna Fjeldsoe ◽  
Elizabeth Eakin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Participant Characteristics ◽  
Intervention Trials

Background:Several recent physical activity intervention trials have reported physical activity improvements in control group participants. Explanations have been proposed, but not systematically investigated.Methods:A systematic review of physical activity intervention trials was conducted to investigate the frequency of meaningful improvements in physical activity among control group participants (increase of ≥ 60 minutes [4 MET·hours] of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week, or a 10% increase in the proportion of participants meeting physical activity recommendations), and possible explanatory factors. Explanatory factors include aspects of behavioral measurement, participant characteristics, and control group treatment.Results:Eight (28%) of 29 studies reviewed reported meaningful improvements in control group physical activity, most of which were of similar magnitude to improvements observed in the intervention group. A number of factors were related to meaningful control group improvements in physical activity, including the number of assessments, mode of measurement administration, screening to exclude active participants, and preexisting health status.Conclusions:Control group improvement in physical activity intervention trials is not uncommon and may be associated with behavioral measurement and participant characteristics. Associations observed in this review should be evaluated empirically in future research. Such studies may inform minimal contact approaches to physical activity promotion.

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