Initial characteristics of the dried poplar fiber as an accessibility indicator for its enzymatic digestibility in the whole hydrolysis process

Ethanol fermented from potato peels is proposed as one alternative source of renewable energy called bioethanol. In this research bioethanol was produced through four stages namely acid hydrolysis, detoxification, fermentation and distillation. The acid hydrolysis process was carried out using sulphuric acid at 100oC for 60 minutes. The detoxification process was carried out by adding NH4OH into the hydrolyzate prior to fermentation. Distillation was performed up to 100oC and the distillate with the BP of 78-84oC was determined for its ethanol content using gas chromatography. The ethanol produced from 5 grams of dried potato peels through fermentation for 4, 5, 6, and 7 days 3.54%; 4,85%; 5,35%; and 6.15% respectively.

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Optimization on The Hydrolysis Process of Cellulose from Corn Husk to Glucose with Activated Carbon Catalyst Sulfonated

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1858/1/012088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1858 (1) ◽

pp. 012088

Author(s):

Didi Dwi Anggoro ◽

Luqman Buchori ◽

Mohamad Djaeni ◽

Ratnawati ◽

Diah Susetyo Retnowati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Catalyst ◽

Corn Husk ◽

Hydrolysis Process

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Enzymatic textile recycling – best practices and outlook

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x211029167 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2110291

Author(s):

Benjamin Piribauer ◽

Andreas Bartl ◽

Wolfgang Ipsmiller

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽

Complete Removal ◽

The European Union ◽

Textile Processing ◽

Current State ◽

Industrial Implementation ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Textile Recycling ◽

Textile Sector ◽

Suitable Process

Recently, textiles and their end-of-life management have become the focus of public and political attention. In the European Union the revised waste framework directive defines textiles as municipal waste and stipulates their separate collection by 2025. In the context of these developments, this paper summarises briefly the current state-of-the-art in textile recycling. It is evident that recycling methods are not yet fully developed. This is especially the case with multi-material textiles, which are composed of two or more polymers that are incompatible for recycling. In the practical part of the communication, results are presented which show that enzymatic hydrolysis is a suitable process for recycling textiles made of cotton and polyester. After a complete removal of cotton, the remaining pure polyester fibres undergo a re-granulation and post-condensation step. The so obtained recycled polyester is fed back into the textile processing chain and finally towels are obtained. The main steering parameters of the enzymatic hydrolysis process are described. The study proves that solutions in accordance with the Circular Economy in the textile sector are available but an industrial implementation has not yet been realised.

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Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Wheat Straw: Effects of Temperature and Acidity on Byproduct Formation and Inhibition of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ethanolic Fermentation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030487 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 487

Author(s):

Dimitrios Ilanidis ◽

Stefan Stagge ◽

Leif J. Jönsson ◽

Carlos Martín

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

High Performance ◽

Enzymatic Saccharification ◽

Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Enzymatic Digestibility ◽

Acid Catalyzed ◽

Pretreatment Conditions

Biochemical conversion of wheat straw was investigated using hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and microbial fermentation. Pretreatment conditions that were compared included autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 160, 175, 190, and 205 °C and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 160 and 190 °C. The effects of using different pretreatment conditions were investigated with regard to (i) chemical composition and enzymatic digestibility of pretreated solids, (ii) carbohydrate composition of pretreatment liquids, (iii) inhibitory byproducts in pretreatment liquids, (iv) furfural in condensates, and (v) fermentability using yeast. The methods used included two-step analytical acid hydrolysis combined with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), HPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS), and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Lignin recoveries in the range of 108–119% for autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C and sulfuric-acid-catalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment were attributed to pseudolignin formation. Xylose concentration in the pretreatment liquid increased with temperature up to 190 °C and then decreased. Enzymatic digestibility was correlated with the removal of hemicelluloses, which was almost quantitative for the autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C. Except for the pretreatment liquid from the autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 205 °C, the inhibitory effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were low. The highest combined yield of glucose and xylose was achieved for autocatalyzed hydrothermal pretreatment at 190 °C and the subsequent enzymatic saccharification that resulted in approximately 480 kg/ton (dry weight) raw wheat straw.

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A Characteristic Study of Polylactic Acid/Organic Modified Montmorillonite (PLA/OMMT) Nanocomposite Materials after Hydrolyzing

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11040376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 376

Author(s):

Su-Mei Huang ◽

Jiunn-Jer Hwang ◽

Hsin-Jiant Liu ◽

An-Miao Zheng

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Material Strength ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Hydrolysis Process ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Thermal Pressing ◽

Organophilic Clay ◽

Mmt Clay

In this study, the montmorillonite (MMT) clay was modified with NH4Cl, and then the structures were exfoliated or intercalated in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix by a torque rheometer in the ratio of 0.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0 wt%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the organic modified-MMT(OMMT) was distributed successfully in the PLA matrix. After thermal pressing, the thermal stability of the mixed composites was measured by a TGA. The mixed composites were also blended with OMMT by a co-rotating twin screw extruder palletizing system, and then injected for the ASTM-D638 standard specimen by an injection machine for measuring the material strength by MTS. The experimental results showed that the mixture of organophilic clay and PLA would enhance the thermal stability. In the PLA mixed with 3 wt% OMMT nanocomposite, the TGA maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) rose from 336.84 °C to 339.08 °C. In the PLA mixed with 5 wt% OMMT nanocomposite, the loss of temperature rose from 325.14 °C to 326.48 °C. In addition, the elongation rate increased from 4.46% to 10.19% with the maximum loading of 58 MPa. After the vibrating hydrolysis process, the PLA/OMMT nanocomposite was degraded through the measurement of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and its Tg, Tc, and Tm1 declined.

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