Medium N:P Ratios and Specific Growth Rate ComodulateMicrocystin and Protein Content in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 and M. aeruginosa UV027

ABSTRACT Cell quotas of microcystin (Q MCYST; femtomoles of MCYST per cell), protein, and chlorophyll a(Chl a), cell dry weight, and cell volume were measured over a range of growth rates in N-limited chemostat cultures of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa MASH 01-A19. There was a positive linear relationship betweenQ MCYST and specific growth rate (μ), from which we propose a generalized model that enablesQ MCYST at any nutrient-limited growth rate to be predicted based on a single batch culture experiment. The model predicts Q MCYST from μ, μmax(maximum specific growth rate), Q MCYSTmax(maximum cell quota), and Q MCYSTmin (minimum cell quota). Under the conditions examined in this study, we predict aQ MCYSTmax of 0.129 fmol cell−1 at μmax and a Q MCYSTmin of 0.050 fmol cell−1 at μ = 0. Net MCYST production rate (R MCYST) asymptotes to zero at μ = 0 and reaches a maximum of 0.155 fmol cell−1 day−1at μmax. MCYST/dry weight ratio (milligrams per gram [dry weight]) increased linearly with μ, whereas the MCYST/protein ratio reached a maximum at intermediate μ. In contrast, the MCYST/Chla ratio remained constant. Cell volume correlated negatively with μ, leading to an increase in intracellular MCYST concentration at high μ. Taken together, our results show that fast-growing cells of N-limited M. aeruginosa are smaller, are of lower mass, and have a higher intracellular MCYST quota and concentration than slow-growing cells. The data also highlight the importance of determining cell MCYST quotas, as potentially confusing interpretations can arise from determining MCYST content as a ratio to other cell components.

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Biochemical composition of Microcystis aeruginosa related to specific growth rate: insight into the effects of abiotic factors

Inland Waters ◽

10.5268/iw-4.4.710 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ming Li ◽

Philip Nkrumah ◽

Man Xiao

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Insight Into

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Effects of supplemented diets on the growth performance and nutrient contents of gulsha tengra, Mystus cavasius

Bangladesh Journal of Zoology ◽

10.3329/bjz.v45i1.34195 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71

Author(s):

Kaniz Fatema ◽

Md Farukul Islam ◽

Nahid Sultana ◽

Badhan Saha

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Protein Content ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Commercial Feed

To evaluate the effects of two diets on the growth performance and nutrient contents of gulsha, Mystus cavasius was conducted. Growth performance of gulsha was found maximum in rice bran and spirulina feed (treatment T1) and the lowest was observed in commercial feed (treatment T2). Specific growth rate of gulsha was higher in treatment T1 than treatment T2. Treatment T1 had the best proximate composition (moisture 77.28%, ash 3.45%, lipid 4.31% and protein content 15.05%) and nutrient contents (calcium 115.6 mg/100g, phosphorous 166.7 mg/100g, potassium 207.23 mg/100g, magnesium 25.97 mg/100g, iron 1.85 mg/100g and manganese 0.23mg/100g). Therefore, it was found to be better option to produce healthy fish for human consumption.Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(1): 61-71, 2017

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Optimum Protein Requirement of Juvenile Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus Coioides)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129153/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobo Yan ◽

Junjiang Yang ◽

Xiaohui Dong ◽

Beiping Tan ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Protein Content ◽

Protein Level ◽

Specific Growth ◽

The Body ◽

Epinephelus Coioides ◽

Protein Requirement ◽

Crude Lipid ◽

Protein Levels

Abstract The purpose of subject was to explore the optimum protein requirement of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the test, 450 juveniles with an average weight of (10.02 ± 0.22) g were randomly divided into 6 groups, which were repeated 3 times, and were fed with 350 g/kg, 400 g/kg, 450 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg and 600 g/kg iso-lipid test diet twice one day for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that: 1) As protein levels rose, the body weight gain rate and specific growth rate first increased and then reduced, while the feed coefficient rate first decreased and then increased, while the protein efficiency significantly decreased. 2) As protein levels rose, the condition factor, hepaticsomatic index and visceralsomatic index significantly reduced. 3) With the raising of protein level, the crude protein content of whole fish and muscle gradually increased, while the crude lipid content gradually decreased. 4) High-protein diet (550-600g/kg) significantly increased the plasma total protein content and decreased the triglyceride content of orange-spotted grouper. 5) Compared with the 350 g/kg group, 500 g/kg, 550 g/kg, 600 g/kg groups significantly increased the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in liver. 6) As protein levels rose, the protease activity of intestine first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the protein level of 500 g/kg, while lipase and amylase decreased significantly. 7) The activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in the liver increased first and then decreased with the increasing of protein level, and reached the maximum in the 400 g/kg protein group. According to the analysis specific growth rate, the optimum protein level of juvenile orange-spotted grouper is 521.84 g/kg.

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Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. Dengan Rasio N:P Yang Berbeda

Journal of Tropical Marine Science ◽

10.33019/jour.trop.mar.sci.v1i1.655 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vivian Ayu Cyntya ◽

Gunawan Widi Santosa ◽

Endang Supriyantini ◽

Sri Yulina Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

N:P Ratio ◽

Average Weight ◽

Entire Body ◽

N:P Ratios ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

The Absolute

Rumput laut merupakan tumbuhan yang tidak dapat dibedakan antara akar, batang dan daun, sehingga seluruh bagian tubuhnya disebut dengan thallus. Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. merupakan salah satu sumber daya laut yang mudah dibudidayakan, mempunyai nilai ekomonis penting dan mempunyai prospek pasar yang cerah, baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Usaha budidaya rumput laut Gracilaria sp. perlu dilakukan guna meningkatkan produksinya. Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. memerlukan N dan P sebagai unsur hara makro yang digunakan untuk pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan rasio N:P yang berbeda terhadap laju pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 perlakuan dan 1 kontrol, yang masing-masing ada 3 ulangan. Media pemeliharaan menggunakan air laut yang ditambah N:P dengan rasio yang berbeda, yaitu : A (Kontrol), B (6:1), C (6:2), D (6:3). Pencapaian berat rerata Gracilaria sp. selama 28 hari adalah sebagai berikut : A = 102,06 ± 0,04 g; B = 103,41 ± 0,57 g; C = 106,53 ± 0,66 g dan D = 108,28 ± 1,25 g. Pertumbuhan mutlak Gracilaria sp. yang dihasilkan selama penelitian adalah sebagai berikut : A = 2,06 ± 0,04 g;B = 3,41 ± 0,57 g; C = 6,53 ± 0,66 g; D = 8,28 ± 1,25 g. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik Gracilaria sp. yang dihasilkan selama penelitian, yaitu : A sebesar 0,07 ± 0,00 % berat (g) per hari; B sebesar 0,12 ± 0,02 % berat (g) per hari; C sebesar 0,23 ± 0,02 % berat (g) per hari dan D sebesar 0,28 ± 0,04 % berat (g) per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan N:P dengan rasio yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik Gracilaria sp. (p < 0,01). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi rasio N:P dapat meningkatkan total biomassa dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik. Seaweed is a plant which can not be distinguished between true roots, stalks and leaves, therefore its entire body is called a thallus. Gracilaria sp. is a seaweed which is relatively easy to cultivate, has high economical value and bright marketing prospect either in domestic or foreign markets. The effort to cultivate Gracilaria sp. needs to be done in order to increase the production. Seaweed Gracilaria sp. needs N and P as important macronutrients for its growth. This research aims to discover the effect of adding different N:P ratio towards Gracilaria sp. growth rate. The method used in this research was an experimental method with Completely Randomized Design. This research used three treatments and one control, each with three repetitions. The cultivation media was seawater with the addition of different N:P ratios, which were: A (Control), B (6:1), C (6:2) and D (6:3). The average weight of Gracilaria sp. for 28 days were as follows: A = 102,06 ± 0,04 g; B = 103,41 ± 0,57 g; C = 106,53 ± 0,66 g and D = 108,28 ± 1,25 g. The absolute growth of Gracilaria sp. during this research were: A = 2,06 ± 0,04 g;B = 3,41 ± 0,57 g; C = 6,53 ± 0,66 g; D = 8,28 ± 1,25 g. The specific growth rate for Gracilaria sp. during this research were: A = 0,07 ± 0,00 % weight (g) per day; B = 0,12 ± 0,02 % weight (g) per day; C = 0,23 ± 0,02 % weight (g) per day and D = 0,28 ± 0,04 % weight (g) per day. The result of this research showed that the addition of different N:P ratios caused a significant effect on the absolute growth and the spesific growth rate of Gracilaria sp. (p < 0,01). The higher concentratrion ratio of N:P given the higher either total biomassa and specific growth rate achieved.

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Optimum protein requirement of juvenile orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85641-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaobo Yan ◽

Junjiang Yang ◽

Xiaohui Dong ◽

Beiping Tan ◽

Shuang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Protein Content ◽

Protein Level ◽

Specific Growth ◽

The Body ◽

Average Weight ◽

Epinephelus Coioides ◽

Protein Requirement ◽

Crude Lipid

AbstractThe purpose of subject was to explore the optimum protein requirement of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus coioides). In the test, 450 juveniles with an average weight (10.02 ± 0.22) g were randomly divided into six groups with triplicate, and were fed with 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600 g/kg iso-lipid test diet twice 1 day for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that: (1) With the increase of protein level, the body weight gain rate and specific growth rate first increased and then reduced, while the feed coefficient rate first decreased and then increased, while the protein efficiency significantly decreased (P < 0.05). (2) With the increase of protein level, the condition factor, hepaticsomatic index and visceralsomatic index significantly reduced (P < 0.05). (3) With the increase of protein level, the crude protein content of whole fish and muscle gradually increased, while the crude lipid content gradually decreased. (4) High-protein diet (550–600 g/kg) significantly increased the plasma total protein content and decreased the triglyceride content of orange-spotted grouper (P < 0.05). (5) Compared with the 350 g/kg group, 500, 550, 600 g/kg groups significantly increased the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in liver (P < 0.05). (6) With the increase of protein level, the protease activity of intestine first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at the protein level of 500 g/kg, while lipase and amylase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (7) The activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in liver increased first and then decreased with the increase of protein level, and reached the maximum in the 400 g/kg protein group. According to the analysis specific growth rate, the optimum protein level of juvenile orange-spotted grouper is 521.84 g/kg.

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