Bacteria associated with cockroaches: health risk or biotechnological opportunity?

Abstract Cockroaches have existed for 300 million years and more than 4600 extant species have been described. Throughout their evolution, cockroaches have been associated with bacteria, and today Blattabacterium species flourish within specialized bacteriocytes, recycling nitrogen from host waste products. Cockroaches can disseminate potentially pathogenic bacteria via feces and other deposits, particularly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but also Staphylococcus and Mycobacterium species, and thus, they should be cleared from sites where hygiene is essential, such as hospitals and kitchens. On the other hand, cockroaches also carry bacteria that may produce metabolites or proteins with potential industrial applications. For example, an antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strain was isolated from the gut of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. Other cockroach-associated bacteria, including but not limited to Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas species, can also produce bioactive metabolites that may be suitable for development as pharmaceuticals or plant protection products. Enzymes that degrade industrially relevant substrates, or that convert biomasses into useful chemical precursors, are also expressed in cockroach-derived bacteria and could be deployed for use in the food/feed, paper, oil, or cosmetics industries. The analysis of cockroach gut microbiomes has revealed a number of lesser-studied bacteria that may form the basis of novel taxonomic groups. Bacteria associated with cockroaches can therefore be dangerous or useful, and this review explores the bacterial clades that may provide opportunities for biotechnological exploitation. Key points • Members of the Enterobacteriaceae are the most frequently cultivated bacteria from cockroaches. • Cultivation-independent studies have revealed a diverse community, led by the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. • Although cockroaches may carry pathogenic bacteria, most strains are innocuous and may be useful for biotechnological applications.

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Cockroach (Periplaneta americana): Nutritional Value as Food and Feed For Man and Livestock

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2020/v15i230150 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

Ukoroije, Rosemary Boate ◽

Bawo, Dorcas Suotonye

Keyword(s):

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Nutrient Composition ◽

American Cockroach ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Waste Products ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Food And Feed

Aim: To ascertain scientifically by proximate analysis, the nutrient composition and mineral contents of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana. Study Design: Completely randomized sample design (CRD) was engaged in the study with 15 parameters replicated five (5) times, totaling seventy five experimental samples. The whole experiments were repeated in three trials. Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate laboratory, Faculty of Science, Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria between September 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: The nutrient composition and mineral profile of the cockroaches were ascertained using randomly selected cockroach sample while adopting standard procedures of AOAC, (1990, 2005).Statistical analysis and significant difference tested at alpha level p≤ 0.05 was done using Turkey HSD test for difference between mean while results were presented in tables. The software used was SPSS version 20. Results: The results for proximate analysis of nutrients found in P. americana are given as follows: moisture content: 12.42±1.6%, Crude ash: 3.52±0.8%, crude protein: 8.72±1.3%, crude fat: 17.64±1.9%, fibre: 21.28±2.1%, Carbohydrate (dry method): 87.56±4.2% and Carbohydrate (free nitrogen extract): 48.76±3.1%. Furthermore, P. americana was proven rich in both micro and macro minerals in very high to low concentrations such as:calcium (468.00±9.7mg/100g), magnesium (362.00±8.5mg/100g), iron (274.60±7.4mg/100g), potassium (242.5±7.0 mg/100g), phosphorus (128.76±5.1mg/100g), sodium (110.68±4.7mg/100g), manganese (12.63±1.6mg/ 100g), copper (7.54±1.2mg/100g) and zinc (4.74±1.0mg/100g). All results were calculated as mean percentages of five experimental evaluations. Conclusion: Cockroaches are omnivores and feed on rotten vegetables, waste products from industries such as brewer’s yeast, leftover bread, brewer’s spent grains and several other food materials, hence they are very well efficient at turning plant based feed into animal protein. This makes them efficient projectors for addressing the problem of shortage of animal proteins thereby fulfilling the food security goal of sustainable development.

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Predation among microorganisms: A huge potential of interspecies dependencies

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0010.5608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Justyna Kowalska ◽

Marcin Włodarczyk

Keyword(s):

Mammalian Cells ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Single Species ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Predatory Bacteria ◽

Predatory Strategy ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

There are many interactions between species (including bacteria) in the environment. One of them is predation, which always leads to the death of a prey. Described in this review Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (Deltaproteobacteria) and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus (Alfaproteobacteria) are uniflagellate, rod shaped and curved obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria. Both species belong to the group of BALOs (Bdellovibrio and like organisms). B. bacteriovorus use periplasmic predatory strategy and M. aeruginosavorus are epibiotic hunters. BALOs have found application in both medicine in combating microorganisms responsible for food poisoning and outside of medicine (agriculture and food) as plant protection products and as measures used to prevent the spoiling of food. As a result of searching for effective therapies in the treatment of infections caused by drug-resistant strains of bacteria, it has been shown that predators feed on pathogenic bacteria without showing immunogenicity to humans. Predatory bacteria are able to destroy the multi – and single-species biofilms. Recent studies have indicated the possibility of B. bacteriovorus to destroy the biofilm formed by Staphylococcus aureus. It is postulated that a double predatory strategy of B. bacteriovorus and harmless BALOs towards mammalian cells could be used to treat infections in vivo, particularly in those cases when standard therapy fails.

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Specifics of pesticides effects on the phytopathogenic bacteria

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2016-0022 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 311-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Volodymyr Patyka ◽

Natalia Buletsa ◽

Lidiya Pasichnyk ◽

Natalia Zhitkevich ◽

Antonina Kalinichenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Chemical Pollution ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽

Long Term Storage

Abstract The data concerning the effects of pesticides of different nature on the phytopathogenic bacteria was examined and summarized. Without extensive research on the mechanisms of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and pesticides in the literature review a similar message about microorganisms of soil and phyllosphere are included. The bacteria can be suppressed permanently by pesticides with a mechanism of action that universally affects biological processes in living systems. Long-term storage, ease of use and fast visible effect are the advantages of synthetic pesticides remedies. But chemical pollution, shifts in the balance of ecosystems, unpredictable effects of chemical pesticides on non-target objects are the drawbacks. Stimulation of resistance response in plants is unifying factor for all types of biopesticides. This is realized through localization of the pathogen during infection, blocking its further penetration, distribution and reproduction. The results of the study of effects of plant protection products on the phytopathogenic bacteria of main crops are described. Among all tested pesticides, thiocarbamate fungicides demonstrated significant inhibitory action on phytopathogens, but their effect may be neutralized by other constituents of multicomponent preparations. Triazole fungicides affect the causative agents of bacterioses of crops at a dose of more than 1% of the active substance in the nutrient medium. Insecticides and herbicides have little or no effect on phytopathogenic bacteria; however they can enhance morphological dissociations of some Pseudomonas strains, thereby increasing their ability to survive. The disadvantage of many biopesticides against phytopathogenic microorganisms is the difference between their efficacy in vitro and in vivo that is why the desired result is not achieved in field condition. In addition, biological pesticides often lose their activity causing the problem of constant search for new active antagonists. The fact that the sensitivity of phytopathogenic bacteria to pesticides is strain-dependent should be considered in practice, particularly, assessment of the antibacterial action of various preparations should not be limited to a single bacterial strain.

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Placing plant protection products on the Polish market with regard to the registration of individual formulations

Annales UMCS Agricultura ◽

10.2478/v10081-008-0022-5 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Matyjaszczyk

Keyword(s):

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products

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Orthoptera and allies in the Maritime provinces, Canada: new records and updated provincial checklists

The Canadian Field-Naturalist ◽

10.22621/cfn.v132i4.1984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 319-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John Klymko ◽

Paul Catling ◽

Jeffrey B. Ogden ◽

Robert W. Harding ◽

Donald F. McAlpine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prince Edward Island ◽

Native Species ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

New Records ◽

American Cockroach ◽

Maritime Provinces ◽

Praying Mantis ◽

Mole Cricket ◽

Oecanthus Nigricornis ◽

Periplaneta Australasiae

We provide an updated checklist of Orthoptera and their allies for each Maritime province of Canada with details for 21 new species records. Drumming Katydid (Meconema thalassinum), recorded from Nova Scotia (NS) and Prince Edward Island (PEI), and Sprinkled Grasshopper (Chloealtis conspersa), recorded from New Brunswick (NB) are reported for the first time from the Maritimes as a whole. We report range extensions in the Maritime region for Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae; NB), Treetop Bush Katydid (Scudderia fasciata; NS), Short-legged Camel Cricket (Ceuthophilus brevipes; PEI), Spotted Camel Cricket (Ceuthophilus maculatus; PEI), Roesel’s Shield-backed Katydid (Roeseliana roesellii; NS), and Black-horned Tree Cricket (Oecanthus nigricornis; PEI). Short-winged Mole Cricket (Neoscapteriscus abbreviatus; NB) and European Mole Cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa; NS) are reported as adventives (non-native species that are believed to be not yet established), new to Canada from the Maritimes. Other new records for species not known to be established are Lined Earwig (Doru taeniatum; NS), Australian Cockroach (Periplaneta australasiae; PEI), American Cockroach (Periplaneta americana; NB), Brown Cockroach (Periplaneta brunnea; PEI), Smooth Cockroach (Nyctibora laevigata; NB), West Indian Leaf Cockroach (Blaberus discoidalis; NB), an unidentified Parcoblatta species (NB), Brown-banded Cockroach (Supella longipalpa; PEI), Praying Mantis (Mantis religiosa; NB), and American Bird Grasshopper (Schistocerca americana; NS).

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The aspects of microbial biomass use in the utilization of selected waste from the agro-food industry

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2020-0099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 787-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marek Kieliszek ◽

Kamil Piwowarek ◽

Anna M. Kot ◽

Katarzyna Pobiega

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Waste Products ◽

Yeast Biomass ◽

Wide Range ◽

Innovative Solutions ◽

Biomass Management ◽

Effective Use ◽

Modern Technologies ◽

Biomass Of Microorganisms

AbstractCellular biomass of microorganisms can be effectively used in the treatment of waste from various branches of the agro-food industry. Urbanization processes and economic development, which have been intensifying in recent decades, lead to the degradation of the natural environment. In the first half of the 20th century, problems related to waste management were not as serious and challenging as they are today. The present situation forces the use of modern technologies and the creation of innovative solutions for environmental protection. Waste of industrial origin are difficult to recycle and require a high financial outlay, while the organic waste of animal and plant origins, such as potato wastewater, whey, lignin, and cellulose, is dominant. In this article, we describe the possibilities of using microorganisms for the utilization of various waste products. A solution to reduce the costs of waste disposal is the use of yeast biomass. Management of waste products using yeast biomass has made it possible to generate new metabolites, such as β-glucans, vitamins, carotenoids, and enzymes, which have a wide range of industrial applications. Exploration and discovery of new areas of applications of yeast, fungal, and bacteria cells can lead to an increase in their effective use in many fields of biotechnology.

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Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 370

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽

Dariusz Gozdowski ◽

Alicja Siuda

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Water Shortage ◽

The European Union ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

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