Pectin Induces an In Vitro Rumen Microbial Population Shift Attributed to the Pectinolytic Treponema Group

The assessment of protein degradability in the rumen is a complex process. The infinite combination of interaction between the rumen microbial population and the nature of the protein fed to the animal makes the estimation of ruminal protein degradability very arduous. At present the in situ technique is the most popular means of predicting ruminal nitrogen (N) degradation. However this procedure is slow, expensive and relies on the use of numerous surgically prepared animals. A number of studies (Assoumani et al., 1992; Aufrère and Cartailler, 1988) have shown that the use of in vitro methods using proteases can predict with reasonable accuracy the extent of protein degradation. The objective of this experiment was to examine the possibility of replacing the in situ technique with an in vitro procedure based on the use of the ficin protease to predict the extent of N degradation.

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In-Vitro Evaluation of an UL TRA Violet Germicidal Connection System for CAPD

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686088400400407 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 215-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Clifford J. Holmes ◽

Cynthia Miyake ◽

Winnie Kubey

Keyword(s):

Microbial Population ◽

Uv Light ◽

Second Phase ◽

Membrane Filters ◽

Connection System ◽

Fluid Transfer ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Welding Technique

We have evaluated UV irradiation of the setlbag connection as a method of eliminating organisms causing peritonitis among CAPD patients. In the first phase of the study, spike lumens of CAPD transfer sets were inoculated with C. albicans, which are known to be relatively resistant to UV light. After irradiation, results showed a 61og 10 reduction in microbial population. In the second phase, the spikes were contaminated by touch. Following irradiation, 100% of the contaminated spikes were disinfected. These data indicate that UV germicidal systems can achieve a significant reduction of contaminating microbial population on a CAPD transfer-set spike. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a well-accepted therapy for end-stage renal disease (I). However, peritonitis remains a potential complication of this therapy. Several methods have been proposed for preventing microorganisms from entering the peritoneum via the primary (set-to-bag) connection. Such approaches have included placement of membrane filters in the fluid transfer set (2), use of disinfectant solutions (3), and recently the “sterile welding” technique (4). A gennicidal system, which uses ultraviolet (UV) light as the disinfecting source, has recently become available. Ultraviolet light has beeen utilized in industry and medicine for a number of years and for a number of applications, e.g., disinfecting operating rooms (5) and sterilizing water and packaging materials (6). The present paper describes the evaluation of ultraviolet irradiation as a means of disinfecting the CAPD transfer set-to-bag connection.

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Relative efficiency of rhizobacteria for auxin biosynthesis in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr04019 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 921 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Azeem Khalid ◽

Shermeen Tahir ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Zahir Ahmad Zahir

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Root Exudation ◽

Auxin Biosynthesis ◽

Rhizosphere Soils ◽

Auxin Synthesis ◽

Plant Crop

Biosynthesis of auxins in the rhizosphere of different crops may vary because of quantitative and qualitative variations in microbial population and root exudation. A laboratory study was conducted to assess in vitro auxin biosynthesis, and biosynthesis in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different crops (maize, sorghum, mungbean, cotton). Soils were inoculated with selected rhizobacteria with and without the auxin precursor L-tryptophan (L-TRP). Auxins were detected by colourimetry as indole acetic acid equivalents and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results revealed that 83% of the 60 rhizobacteria were capable of producing auxins in the absence of L-TRP. Auxin biosynthesis by the 8 most efficient rhizobacteria ranged from 5.0 to 12.1 mg/L broth medium. A comparison of rhizosphere v. non-rhizosphere soils indicated a greater accumulation of auxins in the rhizosphere soils than non-rhizosphere soils. Overall, inoculation of rhizosphere soils with selected rhizobacteria resulted in greater production of auxin (up to 10.4 mg/kg soil) than in inoculated non-rhizosphere soils (up to 5.76 mg/kg). Moreover, efficiency of these rhizobacteria for auxin biosynthesis in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils differed with crop and bacterial strain. Some rhizobacterial strains exhibited superiority over the indigenous microflora for auxin biosynthesis in soil. Application of L-TRP promoted auxin biosynthesis in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. These findings imply that inoculation with suitable strains and/or amendment with L-TRP could promote auxin synthesis in the rhizosphere soil of a given crop, which may have consequences for better plant/crop growth.

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Dose–response effects of essential oils on in vitro fermentation activity of the rumen microbial population

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.05.044 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 145 (1-4) ◽

pp. 335-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

D. Macheboeuf ◽

D.P. Morgavi ◽

Y. Papon ◽

J.-L. Mousset ◽

M. Arturo-Schaan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Dose Response ◽

Microbial Population ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

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Profiling of in vitro rumen digestibility, fermentation parameters and fatty acid biohydrogenation of palm kernel cake-based diet supplemented with corn

10.21203/rs.3.rs-282753/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Osama Anwer Saeed ◽

Umar M. Sani ◽

Awis Q. Sazili ◽

Henny Akit ◽

Abdul R. Alimon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Gas Production ◽

Palm Kernel Cake ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Corn supplementation can enhance the function of rumen and mitigate methane production. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate in vitro rumen digestibility, fermentation parameters and fatty acid biohydrogenation of palm kernel cake-based (PKC) diet substituted with different levels of corn. Corn was substitution into PKC basal diet at the levels; T1= (0% corn + 75.3% PKC), T2= (5% corn + 70.3% PKC) and T3= (10% corn + 65.3% PKC) of the diet. Rumen liquor was obtained from four fistulated Dorper sheep and incubated with 200 mg of each treatment for 24hrs and 72hrs. Net gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), rumen microbial population and fatty acid biohydrogenation were determined. The results of the in vitro study showed that production of gas increased from 0 hr until 9 hrs with T2 having the highest gas production during this phase. After 48 hrs, the gas production began to decrease gradually with increase in incubation time. No significant differences were observed in the IVDMD, IVOMD, NH3-N, pH and VFA at 72 hrs. However, higher significant methane gas (CH4) production was observed in T3 when compared with T1 and T2. Microbial population did not differ significantly between treatment groups for total bacteria, F. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens. The rates of biohydrogenation were not affected by corn substitution although a significant difference was observed in that of C18:1n9. In conclusion, corn substitution maintained fermentation characteristics with increasing of unsaturated fatty acids.

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