In-Vitro Evaluation of an UL TRA Violet Germicidal Connection System for CAPD

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford J. Holmes ◽  
Cynthia Miyake ◽  
Winnie Kubey
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Population ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Connection System ◽  
Fluid Transfer ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Welding Technique

We have evaluated UV irradiation of the setlbag connection as a method of eliminating organisms causing peritonitis among CAPD patients. In the first phase of the study, spike lumens of CAPD transfer sets were inoculated with C. albicans, which are known to be relatively resistant to UV light. After irradiation, results showed a 61og 10 reduction in microbial population. In the second phase, the spikes were contaminated by touch. Following irradiation, 100% of the contaminated spikes were disinfected. These data indicate that UV germicidal systems can achieve a significant reduction of contaminating microbial population on a CAPD transfer-set spike. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is now a well-accepted therapy for end-stage renal disease (I). However, peritonitis remains a potential complication of this therapy. Several methods have been proposed for preventing microorganisms from entering the peritoneum via the primary (set-to-bag) connection. Such approaches have included placement of membrane filters in the fluid transfer set (2), use of disinfectant solutions (3), and recently the “sterile welding” technique (4). A gennicidal system, which uses ultraviolet (UV) light as the disinfecting source, has recently become available. Ultraviolet light has beeen utilized in industry and medicine for a number of years and for a number of applications, e.g., disinfecting operating rooms (5) and sterilizing water and packaging materials (6). The present paper describes the evaluation of ultraviolet irradiation as a means of disinfecting the CAPD transfer set-to-bag connection.

scholarly journals A therapeutic vascular conduit to support in vivo cell-secreted therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward X. Han ◽  
Hong Qian ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Maria Figetakis ◽  
Natalia Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractA significant barrier to implementation of cell-based therapies is providing adequate vascularization to provide oxygen and nutrients. Here we describe an approach for cell transplantation termed the Therapeutic Vascular Conduit (TVC), which uses an acellular vessel as a scaffold for a hydrogel sheath containing cells designed to secrete a therapeutic protein. The TVC can be directly anastomosed as a vascular graft. Modeling supports the concept that the TVC allows oxygenated blood to flow in close proximity to the transplanted cells to prevent hypoxia. As a proof-of-principle study, we used erythropoietin (EPO) as a model therapeutic protein. If implanted as an arteriovenous vascular graft, such a construct could serve a dual role as an EPO delivery platform and hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease. When implanted into nude rats, TVCs containing EPO-secreting fibroblasts were able to increase serum EPO and hemoglobin levels for up to 4 weeks. However, constitutive EPO expression resulted in macrophage infiltration and luminal obstruction of the TVC, thus limiting longer-term efficacy. Follow-up in vitro studies support the hypothesis that EPO also functions to recruit macrophages. The TVC is a promising approach to cell-based therapeutic delivery that has the potential to overcome the oxygenation barrier to large-scale cellular implantation and could thus be used for a myriad of clinical disorders. However, a complete understanding of the biological effects of the selected therapeutic is absolutely essential.

scholarly journals Uremic Toxins and Their Relation with Oxidative Stress Induced in Patients with CKD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6196
Author(s):  
Anna Pieniazek ◽  
Joanna Bernasinska-Slomczewska ◽  
Lukasz Gwozdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uremic Toxins ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Induce Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

The presence of toxins is believed to be a major factor in the development of uremia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uremic toxins have been divided into 3 groups: small substances dissolved in water, medium molecules: peptides and low molecular weight proteins, and protein-bound toxins. One of the earliest known toxins is urea, the concentration of which was considered negligible in CKD patients. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as cause carbamylation of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Other uremic toxins and their participation in the damage caused by oxidative stress to biological material are also presented. Macromolecules and molecules modified as a result of carbamylation, oxidative stress, and their adducts with uremic toxins, may lead to cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.

scholarly journals An Exosomal Urinary miRNA Signature for Early Diagnosis of Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solé ◽  
Moliné ◽  
Vidal ◽  
Ordi-Ros ◽  
Cortés-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chronicity Index ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

For lupus nephritis (LN) management, it is very important to detect fibrosis at an early stage. Urinary exosomal miRNAs profiling can be used as a potential multi-marker phenotyping tool to identify early fibrosis. We isolated and characterised urinary exosomes and cellular pellets from patients with biopsy-proven LN (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 20). LN chronicity index (CI) correlated with urinary exosomal miR-21, miR-150, and miR-29c (r = 0.565, 0.840, −0.559, respectively). This miRNA profile distinguished low CI from moderate-high CI in LN patients with a high sensitivity and specificity (94.4% and 99.8%). Furthermore, this multimarker panel predicted an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Pathway analysis identified VEGFA and SP1 as common target genes for the three miRNAs. Immunohistochemistry in LN renal biopsies revealed a significant increase of COL1A1 and COL4A1 correlated with renal chronicity. SP1 decreased significantly in the high-CI group (p = 0.002). VEGFA levels showed no differences. In vitro experiments suggest that these miRNA combinations promote renal fibrosis by increasing profibrotic molecules through SP1 and Smad3/TGFβ pathways. In conclusion, a urinary exosomal multimarker panel composed of miR-21, miR-150, and miR-29c provides a non-invasive method to detect early renal fibrosis and predict disease progression in LN.

scholarly journals An Overview of In Vivo and In Vitro Models for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Journey from 3D-Cysts to Mini-Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4537
Author(s):  
Svenja Koslowski ◽  
Camille Latapy ◽  
Pierrïck Auvray ◽  
Marc Blondel ◽  
Laurent Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Polycystic Kidney Disease ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inheritable cause of end stage renal disease and, as of today, only a single moderately effective treatment is available for patients. Even though ADPKD research has made huge progress over the last decades, the precise disease mechanisms remain elusive. However, a wide variety of cellular and animal models have been developed to decipher the pathophysiological mechanisms and related pathways underlying the disease. As none of these models perfectly recapitulates the complexity of the human disease, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the main tools currently available to ADPKD researchers, as well as their main advantages and limitations.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Kidney Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Kun Li ◽  
Cheng Yang ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
Jing-Chao Luo ◽  
Ming-Hao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and potential life-threatening disease in patients admitted to hospital, affecting 10%–15% of all hospitalizations and around 50% of patients in the intensive care unit. Severe, recurrent, and uncontrolled AKI may progress to chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease. AKI thus requires more efficient, specific therapies, rather than just supportive therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be promising cells for cellular therapy because of their ease of harvesting, low immunogenicity, and ability to expand in vitro. Recent research indicated that the main therapeutic effects of MSCs were mediated by MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). Furthermore, compared with MSCs, MSC-EVs have lower immunogenicity, easier storage, no tumorigenesis, and the potential to be artificially modified. We reviewed the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs and MSC-EVs in AKI, and considered recent research on how to improve the efficacy of MSC-EVs in AKI. We also summarized and analyzed the potential and limitations of EVs for the treatment of AKI to provide ideas for future clinical trials and the clinical application of MSC-EVs in AKI.

scholarly journals Effects of BSF on Podocyte Apoptosis via Regulating the ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in DN

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fang-qiang Cui ◽  
Yue-Fen Wang ◽  
Yan-bin Gao ◽  
Yuan Meng ◽  
Zhen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Sirna Transfection ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Protein Serum

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis and DN progression. Our previous study demonstrated that Baoshenfang (BSF) can decrease proteinuria and attenuate podocyte injury. However, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis induced by the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway remain unclear. Herein, in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed. In our in vivo study, BSF significantly decreased 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in DN mice. Meanwhile, BSF significantly inhibited oxidative stress and podocyte apoptosis in our in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, BSF significantly decreased the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway induced by HG in DN. More importantly, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis were reversed by PI3K siRNA transfection. In conclusion, BSF can decrease proteinuria and podocyte apoptosis in DN, in part through regulating the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Epalrestat against High Glucose-Induced Cellular Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba El Gamal ◽  
Ali Hussein Eid ◽  
Shankar Munusamy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Renal Tubular ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease worldwide. Increased glucose flux into the aldose reductase (AR) pathway during diabetes was reported to exert deleterious effects on the kidney. The objective of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of AR inhibition in high glucose milieu in vitro. Rat renal tubular (NRK-52E) cells were exposed to high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5 mM) media for 24 to 48 hours with or without the AR inhibitor epalrestat (1 μM) and assessed for changes in Akt and ERK1/2 signaling, AR expression (using western blotting), and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (using JC-1 staining), cell viability (using MTT assay), and cell cycle. Exposure of NRK-52E cells to high glucose media caused acute activation of Akt and ERK pathways and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane at 24 hours. Prolonged high glucose exposure (for 48 hours) induced AR expression andG1 cell cycle arrest and decreased cell viability (84% compared to control) in NRK-52E cells. Coincubation of cells with epalrestat prevented the signaling changes and renal cell injury induced by high glucose. Thus, AR inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent DN.

scholarly journals Transcription of the Tumor Suppressor Genesp53andRBin Lymphocytes from Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Evidence of Molecular Senescence?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasileios Kordinas ◽  
Chryssoula Nicolaou ◽  
George Tsirpanlis ◽  
Anastasios Ioannidis ◽  
Sotiris Bersimis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Patients suffering from renal failure exhibit an impaired immune system function. We wanted to investigate the transcription of the tumor suppressor genesp53andRBto record, if these cells could be stimulatedin vitroin order to divide, after the addition of antigenic and inflammatory factors. This expression was measured by real-time PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three different groups: ten healthy individuals, ten patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and ten dialysis patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The transcription rate of these genes was also measured after the cultivation of PBMCs under four different conditions: just with the culture medium, with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with C-reactive protein (CRP), and with lipoxin A4(LXA4)-LPS. Our results show that in most cases after the cultivation with additives, the transcription levels were higher in dialysis patients compared to those of the other two groups. Our findings serve as indications of cellular senescence on a molecular level, while it seems that these cells are less easily stimulatedin vitroin order to duplicate.

scholarly journals Scaffolds from Surgically Removed Kidneys as a Potential Source of Organ Transplantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Karczewski ◽  
Tomasz Malkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Kidney Graft ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Ecm Architecture ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a common disease, which relates to nearly 600 million people in the total population. What is more, it seems to be a crucial problem from the epidemiological point of view. These facts lead to a further necessity of renal replacement therapy development connected with rising expenditures for the health care system. The aim of kidney tissue engineering is to develop and innovate methods of obtaining renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from kidney decellularization. Recently, progress has been made towards developing a functional kidney graftin vitroon demand. In fact, decellularized tissues constitute ideal natural scaffolds, due to the preservation of native ECM architecture, as well as of cell-ECM binding domains critical in promoting cell attachment, migration, and proliferation. One of the potential sources of the natural scaffolds is the kidney, which cannot be transplanted immediately after excision.

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