scholarly journals The diversity of lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in the Drosophila motion vision system

2019 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huayi Wei ◽  
Ha Young Kyung ◽  
Priscilla J. Kim ◽  
Claude Desplan
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Lobula Plate

scholarly journals Neuronal circuits integrating visual motion information in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Shinomiya ◽  
Aljoscha Nern ◽  
Ian Meinertzhagen ◽  
Stephen M Plaza ◽  
Michael B Reiser
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Core Motif ◽  
Motor Pathways ◽  
Lobula Plate ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Animal Navigation ◽  
3D Electron Microscopy

The detection of visual motion enables sophisticated animal navigation, and studies in flies have provided profound insights into the cellular and circuit basis of this neural computation. The fly's directionally selective T4 and T5 neurons respectively encode ON and OFF motion. Their axons terminate in one of four retinotopic layers in the lobula plate, where each layer encodes one of four cardinal directions of motion. While the input circuitry of the directionally selective neurons has been studied in detail, the synaptic connectivity of circuits integrating T4/T5 motion signals is largely unknown. Here we report a 3D electron microscopy reconstruction, wherein we comprehensively identified T4/T5's synaptic partners in the lobula plate, revealing a diverse set of new cell types and attributing new connectivity patterns to known cell types. Our reconstruction explains how the ON and OFF motion pathways converge. T4 and T5 cells that project to the same layer, connect to common synaptic partners symmetrically, that is with similar weights, and also comprise a core motif together with bilayer interneurons, detailing the circuit basis for computing motion opponency. We discovered pathways that likely encode new directions of motion by integrating vertical and horizontal motion signals from upstream T4/T5 neurons. Finally, we identify substantial projections into the lobula, extending the known motion pathways and suggesting that directionally selective signals shape feature detection there. The circuits we describe enrich the anatomical basis for experimental and computations analyses of motion vision and bring us closer to understanding complete sensory-motor pathways.

scholarly journals Motion Adaptation Leads to Parsimonious Encoding of Natural Optic Flow by Blowfly Motion Vision System

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1761-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Heitwerth ◽  
R. Kern ◽  
J. H. van Hateren ◽  
M. Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Spike Timing ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Motion Adaptation ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Count Response ◽  
Latency Jitter

Neurons sensitive to visual motion change their response properties during prolonged motion stimulation. These changes have been interpreted as adaptive and were concluded, for instance, to adjust the sensitivity of the visual motion pathway to velocity changes or to increase the reliability of encoding of motion information. These conclusions are based on experiments with experimenter-designed motion stimuli that differ substantially with respect to their dynamical properties from the optic flow an animal experiences during normal behavior. We analyze for the first time motion adaptation under natural stimulus conditions. The experiments are done on the H1-cell, an identified neuron in the blowfly visual motion pathway that has served in many previous studies as a model system for visual motion computation. We reconstructed optic flow perceived by a blowfly in free flight and used this behaviorally generated optic flow to study motion adaptation. A variety of measures (variability in spike count, response latency, jitter of spike timing) suggests that the coding quality does not improve with prolonged stimulation. However, although the number of spikes decreases considerably during stimulation with natural optic flow, the amount of information that is conveyed stays nearly constant. Thus the information per spike increases, and motion adaptation leads to parsimonious coding without sacrificing the reliability with which behaviorally relevant information is encoded.

scholarly journals Head movements quadruple the range of speeds encoded by the insect motion vision system in hawkmoths

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1864) ◽  
pp. 20171622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane P. Windsor ◽  
Graham K. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Closed Loop Systems ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Optokinetic Responses ◽  
Self Motion

Flying insects use compensatory head movements to stabilize gaze. Like other optokinetic responses, these movements can reduce image displacement, motion and misalignment, and simplify the optic flow field. Because gaze is imperfectly stabilized in insects, we hypothesized that compensatory head movements serve to extend the range of velocities of self-motion that the visual system encodes. We tested this by measuring head movements in hawkmoths Hyles lineata responding to full-field visual stimuli of differing oscillation amplitudes, oscillation frequencies and spatial frequencies. We used frequency-domain system identification techniques to characterize the head's roll response, and simulated how this would have affected the output of the motion vision system, modelled as a computational array of Reichardt detectors. The moths' head movements were modulated to allow encoding of both fast and slow self-motion, effectively quadrupling the working range of the visual system for flight control. By using its own output to drive compensatory head movements, the motion vision system thereby works as an adaptive sensor, which will be especially beneficial in nocturnal species with inherently slow vision. Studies of the ecology of motion vision must therefore consider the tuning of motion-sensitive interneurons in the context of the closed-loop systems in which they function.

Insect-inspired high-speed motion vision system for robot control

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Ke Zou ◽  
Tianguang Zhang ◽  
Alexander Borst ◽  
Kolja Kühnlenz
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Robot Control ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Motion Vision

scholarly journals Higher-order neural processing tunes motion neurons to visual ecology in three species of hawkmoths

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1857) ◽  
pp. 20170880 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Stöckl ◽  
D. O'Carroll ◽  
E. J. Warrant
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Motion Vision ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Macroglossum Stellatarum ◽  
Deilephila Elpenor

To sample information optimally, sensory systems must adapt to the ecological demands of each animal species. These adaptations can occur peripherally, in the anatomical structures of sensory organs and their receptors; and centrally, as higher-order neural processing in the brain. While a rich body of investigations has focused on peripheral adaptations, our understanding is sparse when it comes to central mechanisms. We quantified how peripheral adaptations in the eyes, and central adaptations in the wide-field motion vision system, set the trade-off between resolution and sensitivity in three species of hawkmoths active at very different light levels: nocturnal Deilephila elpenor, crepuscular Manduca sexta , and diurnal Macroglossum stellatarum. Using optical measurements and physiological recordings from the photoreceptors and wide-field motion neurons in the lobula complex, we demonstrate that all three species use spatial and temporal summation to improve visual performance in dim light. The diurnal Macroglossum relies least on summation, but can only see at brighter intensities. Manduca, with large sensitive eyes, relies less on neural summation than the smaller eyed Deilephila , but both species attain similar visual performance at nocturnal light levels. Our results reveal how the visual systems of these three hawkmoth species are intimately matched to their visual ecologies.

A closed-loop, ACT-R approach to modeling approach and landing with and without synthetic vision system (SVS) technology

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Byrne ◽  
Alex Kirlik ◽  
Michael D. Fleetwood ◽  
David G. Huss ◽  
Alex Kosorukoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Synthetic Vision

SVM-based global vision system of sports competition and action recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Changxin Sun ◽  
Di Ma
Keyword(s):  
Target Recognition ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Recognition Algorithm ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Correlation Degree

In the research of intelligent sports vision systems, the stability and accuracy of vision system target recognition, the reasonable effectiveness of task assignment, and the advantages and disadvantages of path planning are the key factors for the vision system to successfully perform tasks. Aiming at the problem of target recognition errors caused by uneven brightness and mutations in sports competition, a dynamic template mechanism is proposed. In the target recognition algorithm, the correlation degree of data feature changes is fully considered, and the time control factor is introduced when using SVM for classification,At the same time, this study uses an unsupervised clustering method to design a classification strategy to achieve rapid target discrimination when the environmental brightness changes, which improves the accuracy of recognition. In addition, the Adaboost algorithm is selected as the machine learning method, and the algorithm is optimized from the aspects of fast feature selection and double threshold decision, which effectively improves the training time of the classifier. Finally, for complex human poses and partially occluded human targets, this paper proposes to express the entire human body through multiple parts. The experimental results show that this method can be used to detect sports players with multiple poses and partial occlusions in complex backgrounds and provides an effective technical means for detecting sports competition action characteristics in complex backgrounds.

Modern Technology for Image processing and Computer vision -A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Takialddin Al Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
Video Processing ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Image And Video Processing ◽  
Depth Video

This survey outlines the use of computer vision in Image and video processing in multidisciplinary applications; either in academia or industry, which are active in this field.The scope of this paper covers the theoretical and practical aspects in image and video processing in addition of computer vision, from essential research to evolution of application.In this paper a various subjects of image processing and computer vision will be demonstrated ,these subjects are spanned from the evolution of mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications, to augmented reality under 3D modeling and real time depth imaging, video processing algorithms will be discussed to get higher depth video compression, beside that in the field of mobile platform an automatic computer vision system for citrus fruit has been implemented ,where the Bayesian classification with Boundary Growing to detect the text in the video scene. Also the paper illustrates the usability of the handed interactive method to the portable projector based on augmented reality.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document