Simultaneous biologging of heart rate and acceleration, and their relationships with energy expenditure in free-swimming sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

From three tests each of natural propagation and of artificial propagation involving liberation of free-swimming fry and two tests of artificial propagation involving planting of eyed eggs, it was found that no statistically significant difference occurred between the three methods. Computing the percentage efficiency as the number of seaward migrants produced from the total eggs handled, natural propagation varied from 1.05% to 3.23%—an average of 1.80%; fry liberation from 2.42% to 4.54%—an average of 3.24%; and egg planting from 1.45% to 4.71%—an average of 3.08%. Losses occurring during the five years' stripping and hatchery operations were recorded and, based on total eggs, the hatchery product available for distribution represented from 61.0% to 86.0% for egg planting and from 63.4% to 78.5% for fry liberation. There occurred a lake mortality of approximately 96% of the number of fry liberated. The conclusion was reached that in an area such as Cultus lake, where a natural run of sockeye occurred with a reasonable expectancy of successful spawning, artificial propagation, as commonly practised, provided no advantage over natural spawning, as a means of maintaining the run.

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Sex-specific differences in cardiac control and hematology of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) approaching their spawning grounds

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00363.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (4) ◽

pp. R1136-R1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Erik Sandblom ◽

Timothy D. Clark ◽

Scott G. Hinch ◽

Anthony P. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Global Climate ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Spawning Grounds ◽

Research Fields ◽

Cardiac Control ◽

Mechanistic Basis

Some male salmonids (e.g., rainbow trout) display profound cardiovascular adjustments during sexual maturation, including cardiac growth and hypertension, and tachycardia has been observed in free-ranging male salmonids near their spawning grounds. In the present study, we investigated cardiac control, dorsal aortic blood pressure, cardiac morphometrics, and hematological variables in wild, sexually maturing sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) with a particular aim to decipher any sex-specific differences. Routine heart rate ( fH) was significantly higher in females (52 vs. 43 beats/min), which was due to significantly lower cholinergic tone (28 vs. 46%), because there were no differences in adrenergic tone or intrinsic heart rate between sexes. No differences in blood pressure were observed despite males possessing an 11% greater relative ventricular mass. Concomitant with higher routine heart rates, female sockeye had significantly higher levels of cortisol, testosterone, and 17β-estradiol, whereas the level of 11-ketotestosterone was higher in males. There were no differences in hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration between the sexes. The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable in research fields such as conservation biology and when modeling the consequences of local and global climate change. Indeed, this study helps to provide a mechanistic basis for the significantly higher rates of female mortality observed in previous studies of wild-caught sockeye salmon.

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Life Cycle of Salmincola californiensis (Dana 1852) (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae)

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f73-150 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 881-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Z. Kabata ◽

B. Cousens

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Continuous Observation ◽

Free Swimming ◽

Male Adult ◽

Frontal Filament

A description is given of the life cycle of Salmincola californiensis (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae), studied by continuous observation of developing parasites and by intermittent examination of infected sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The cycle consists of six stages: copepodid (free-swimming), four chalimus stages (attached by second maxillae to frontal filament), and adult (attached by bulla). The copepodid settles on the fish and uncoils its frontal filament. Each successive chalimus stage reattaches the filament during moulting, but chalimus IV breaks off, searches for the site of final attachment, and excavates an implantation cavity for the bulla. The male cycle is similar but its chalimus IV is of shorter duration and soon moults into the male adult, actively searching for the female. Morphology of all stages is described in detail. Some comments are made on life cycles in Caligoida.

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Optimum and maximum temperatures of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations hatched at different temperatures

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2012-0300 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 265-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Z. Chen ◽

K. Anttila ◽

J. Wu ◽

C.K. Whitney ◽

S.G. Hinch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Temperature Tolerance ◽

Development Stage ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The Relationship

Temperature tolerance and heart rates were compared among nine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) populations, whose eggs were incubated at 10, 14, and 16 °C before rearing all hatchlings at a common temperature. Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) significantly differed among populations and temperature treatments. Populations with shorter migration distance and a lower migration and spawning temperature tended to have higher CTmax at 90 days posthatch. However, the relationship was reversed when fish of similar size were compared at 135–214 days posthatch. CTmax at 90 days posthatch was also positively related to body mass, which differed appreciably among populations at this development stage. With growth, the population differences in CTmax diminished from 3.1 to 1 °C. Elevated incubation temperature also decreased CTmax. Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (ABT) for maximum heart rate differed among populations incubated at 14 °C. The Chilko Lake population, which rear at 1.2 km above sea level, had the highest heart rate across all temperatures when incubated at 14 °C, but the lowest ABT among populations. This study provides clear evidence for the local adaptation among sockeye salmon populations with respect to temperature tolerance and cardiac capacity, information that adds to the debate on whether intraspecific variance is adaptive, or a constraint, or both.

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Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka )

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.8040 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farida Samad‐zada ◽

Brett T. Poorten ◽

Shannon Harris ◽

Lyse Godbout ◽

Michael A. Russello

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Habitat Modification ◽

Genome Wide Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Life History Patterns

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Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society ◽

10.1002/tafs.10294 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas P. Quinn ◽

George R. Pess ◽

Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽

Samuel J. Brenkman ◽

Ruth E. Withler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Elwha River

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Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f87-187 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 1551-1561 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jeremy S. Collie ◽

Carl J. Walters

Keyword(s):

Sockeye Salmon ◽

Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽

Status Quo ◽

Management Policy ◽

Best Management ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Ricker Model ◽

The Status ◽

Stock Recruitment ◽

High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

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Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z75-082 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 679-685 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. B. Holter ◽

W. E. Urban Jr. ◽

H. H. Hayes ◽

H. Silver ◽

H. R. Skutt

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Temperature Effects ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Wind Chill ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Energy Equilibrium ◽

Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

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Energy Expenditure in Playground Games in Primary School Children Measured by Accelerometer and Heart Rate Monitors

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 467-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jorge Cañete García-Prieto ◽

Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso ◽

Mairena Sánchez-López ◽

Natalia Arias-Palencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Primary School ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

School Children ◽

Indirect Calorimetry ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Heart Rate Monitors

The aim of this study was to examine the energy expenditure (EE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) during playground games and to assess the validity of heart rate (HR) and accelerometry counts as indirect indicators of EE in children´s physical activity games. 32 primary school children (9.9 ± 0.6 years old, 19.8 ± 4.9 kg · m-2 BMI and 37.6 ± 7.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1 VO2max). Indirect calorimetry (IC), accelerometry and HR data were simultaneously collected for each child during a 90 min session of 30 playground games. Thirty-eight sessions were recorded in 32 different children. Each game was recorded at least in three occasions in other three children. The intersubject coefficient of variation within a game was 27% for IC, 37% for accelerometry and 13% for HR. The overall mean EE in the games was 4.2 ± 1.4 kcals · min-1 per game, totaling to 375 ± 122 kcals/per 90 min/session. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and accelerometer counts was 0.48 (p = .026) for endurance games and 0.21 (p = .574) for strength games. The correlation coefficient between indirect calorimetry and HR was 0.71 (p = .032) for endurance games and 0.48 (p = .026) for strength games. Our data indicate that both accelerometer and HR monitors are useful devices for estimating EE during endurance games, but only HR monitors estimates are accurate for endurance games.

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