Effects of green manure storage and incorporation methods on nitrogen release and N2O emissions after soil application

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1233-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette S. Carter ◽  
Peter Sørensen ◽  
Søren O. Petersen ◽  
Xiuzhi Ma ◽  
Per Ambus
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Manure Storage

scholarly journals The Effect of Diet and Farm Management on N2O Emissions from Dairy Farms Estimated from Farm Data

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Simona Menardo ◽  
Giacomo Lanza ◽  
Werner Berg
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Animal Diet

The N2O emissions of 21 dairy farms in Germany were evaluated to determine the feasibility of an estimation of emissions from farm data and the effects of the farm management, along with possible mitigation strategies. Emissions due to the application of different fertilisers, manure storage and grazing were calculated based on equations from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) and German emission inventory. The dependence of the N2O emissions on fertiliser type and quantity, cultivated crops and diet composition was assessed via correlation analysis and linear regression. The N2O emissions ranged between 0.11 and 0.29 kg CO2eq per kilogram energy-corrected milk, with on average 60% resulting from fertilisation and less than 30% from fertiliser storage and field applications. The total emissions had a high dependence on the diet composition; in particular, on the grass/maize ratio and the protein content of the animal diet, as well as from the manure management. A linear model for the prediction of the N2O emissions based on the diet composition and the fertilisation reached a predictive power of R2 = 0.89. As a possible mitigation strategy, the substitution of slurry for solid manure would reduce N2O emissions by 40%. Feeding cows maize-based diets instead of grass-based diets could reduce them by 14%.

scholarly journals Effects of Green Manure Application and Prolonging Mid-Season Drainage on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Paddy Fields in Ehime, Southwestern Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Toma ◽  
Nukhak Nufita Sari ◽  
Koh Akamatsu ◽  
Shingo Oomori ◽  
Osamu Nagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

Green manure application helps maintain soil fertility, reduce chemical fertilizer use, and carbon sequestration in the soil. Nevertheless, the application of organic matter in paddy fields induces CH4 and N2O emissions. Prolonging mid-season drainage reduces CH4 emissions in paddy fields. Therefore, the combined effects of green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation on net greenhouse gas emission (NGHGE) were investigated. Four experimental treatments were set up over a 2-year period: conventional mid-season drainage with (CMG) and without (CM) green manure and prolonged (4 or 7 days) mid-season drainage with (PMG) and without (PM) green manure. Astragalus sinicus L. seeds were sown in autumn and incorporated before rice cultivation. No significant difference in annual CH4 and N2O emissions, heterotrophic respiration, and NGHGE between treatments were observed, indicating that green manure application and mid-season drainage prolongation did not influence NGHGE. CH4 flux decreased drastically in PM and PMG during mid-season drainage under the hot and dry weather conditions. However, increasing applied carbon increases NGHGE because of increased CH4 and Rh. Consequently, combination practice of mid-season drainage prolongation and green manure utilization can be acceptable without changing NGHGE while maintaining grain yield in rice paddy fields under organically managed rice paddy fields.

Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Different Types of Livestock and Poultry Manure During Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
Hongmin Dong ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
List Type ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

HighlightsCarbon and nitrogen gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics.The main GHG contributor for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and broiler manure was methane.The main GHG contributor for laying hen manure was nitrous oxide (N2O).N2O emissions of the five types of manure were comparable with the IPCC recommended value.Abstract. Livestock manure management is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture. Large amounts of manure are produced in China, while little research is available on the gas emission characteristics from different manure sources. The GHG and NH3 emissions from pig manure (PM), dairy cattle manure (DCM), beef cattle manure (BCM), layer manure (LM), and broiler manure (BM) during storage were monitored using the dynamic emission chamber method to compare the differences in gas emission characteristics among the five manure types and elucidate the key factors causing the differences. The results indicated that C and N gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics. The total CO2-eq (without CO2) emissions from PM, DCM, BCM, LM, BM were, respectively, 49.98 ±3.53, 1160.4 ±55.22, 692.16 ±42.98, 61.99 ±1.92, and 72.52 ±3.45 g per kg of dry basis manure during 77-day storage. The main GHG contributor for DCM, BCM, and BM was methane (CH4), accounting for 65% to 94%, and the main GHG contributor for LM was nitrous oxide (N2O). For PM, CH4 and N2O contributed equally to the total emissions. The N2O emissions of the five manure types were 0.002 to 0.013 kg N2O-N kg-1 N and were comparable with the IPCC recommended value. Keywords: Ammonia, Animal manure, Emission, Methane, Nitrous oxide.

Low seasonal nitrous oxide emissions in tea tree farming systems following nitrogen fertilisation using poultry litter application or green manure legumes

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Lee J. Kearney ◽  
Stephen Morris ◽  
Lukas Van Zwieten
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Legume Crops

The integration of legumes into coppiced tree crop systems to replace some or all of the external nitrogen (N) fertiliser requirements may be one means to lower seasonal nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We investigated soil N2O emissions using static chamber methodology in field trials located within two commercial tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) plantations (Casino and Tweed Heads) where N (116 and 132 kg N ha–1 respectively) was supplied via poultry litter application (5 t wet ha–1) or by termination of annual legumes (soybean or mung bean) grown in the inter-row. While there was no treatment effect at the Tweed Heads site, both legume treatments had significantly (P = 0.01) lower cumulative N2O emissions (0.33 and 0.30 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1 for soybean and mung beans respectively) than the poultry litter treatment (0.66 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1) at the Casino site. However, the amount of N added to soils in each treatment was not identical owing to an inability to accurately predict N inputs by legume crops, and thus differences could not be attributed to the N source. A third site was thus established at Leeville comparing N2O emissions from poultry litter amendment (5 t wet ha–1 contributing 161 kg N ha–1) to an inter-row faba bean crop (contributing 92 kg N ha–1) and a nil-N control. Cumulative seasonal N2O emissions were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the faba bean treatment than the poultry litter treatment (0.08 and 0.23 kg N2O-N ha–1 season–1 respectively), but owing to different N inputs and generally low emissions, it was not possible to draw definitive conclusions on whether green manure legume crops can lower N2O emissions. Overall, soil N2O emissions in coppiced tea tree systems under current management practices were very low, offering limited potential to reduce seasonal N2O emissions through management practice change.

Nitrogen Release from Green Manure of Water Hyacinth in Rice Cropping Systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didik Wisnu Widj ◽  
Terumasa Honmura ◽  
Nobufumi Miyauchi
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Rice Cropping Systems

Emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian layer-hen manure storage with a mitigation strategy applied

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
B. Warren ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from manure management in the layer-hen industry. The present study aimed to quantify emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) from layer-hen manure stockpiles, and assess the use of an impermeable cover as an option to mitigate emissions. Gaseous emissions of N2O, CH4 and NH3 were measured using open-path FTIR spectroscopy and the emission strengths were inferred using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. Emission factors were calculated from the relationship between gaseous emissions and stockpile inputs over a 32-day measurement period. Total NH3 emissions were 5.97 ± 0.399 kg/t (control) and 0.732 ± 0.116 kg/t (mitigation), representing an 88% reduction due to mitigation. Total CH4 emissions from the mitigation stockpile were 0.0832 ± 0.0198 kg/t. Methane emissions from the control and N2O emissions (control and mitigation) were below detection. The mass of each stockpile was 27 820 kg (control) and 25 120 kg (mitigation), with a surface area of ~68 m2 and a volume of ~19 m3. Total manure nitrogen (N) and volatile solids (VS) were 25.2 and 25.8 kg/t N, and 139 and 106 kg/t VS for the control and mitigation stockpiles respectively. Emission factors for NH3 were 24% and 3% of total N for the control and mitigation respectively. Methane from the mitigation stockpile had a CH4 conversion factor of 0.3%. The stockpile cover was found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 74% compared with the control treatment, primarily via reduced NH3 and associated indirect N2O emissions.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and decomposition rate of plants used as green manure

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Tavares Arantes Silva ◽  
Laudiceio Viana Matos ◽  
Pedro de Oliveira Nóbrega ◽  
Eduardo Francia Carneiro ◽  
Alexander Silva de Resende
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Productive Systems

Productive systems in which green manure is the source of nutrients must develop more efficient ways to improve soil nutrient dynamics. A well-synchronized balance must be established between specific crop demands and supply of nutrients from decomposition. However, scientific data and information to help improve green manure management in Brazil is still insufficient. For that reason, a number of arboreal species was first chemically characterized and then subjected to decomposition analysis in order to establish a correlation between some parameters. Species were grouped together based on the similarity of chemical composition and decomposition rate. The lignin:N and (lignin+polyphenol):N ratios were found to have the greatest correlation coefficient with the dry matter decomposition rate and nitrogen release.

scholarly journals Management of Native Soil Nitrogen for Reducing Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Higher Rice Production

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshav R. Pandey ◽  
S. C. Shah ◽  
M. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Bare Fallow

Present production of rice is far below its reported potential yield because of being Ndeficiency, the major constraint. Because of poverty, small farmers have to rely on native soil N-supply. Between wheat harvest and rice transplanting, a dry-to-wet season transition (DWT) period exist with changing soil moisture from aerobic to anaerobic and a large amount of native soil N loss is hypothesized. To study soil N dynamism and possible management options for DWT, two years field experiments were conducted in Chitwan with four land management treatments like bare fallow, mucuna, mungbean and maize. Treatments were randomly allotted in 10 m<sup>2</sup> plots. During DWT, building up of 50-75 kg of nitrate-N was observed at 60-75 % field capacity (FC) soil moisture but lost after flooding through leaching and denitrification, resulting in low grain yield and N uptake of succeeding rice. Growing cover crops during DWT, reduced leaching loss by half and N2O emissions by two thirds of those in the bare fallows. Atmospheric-N addition by legumes ranged from 27 to 56 kg ha-1 depending on the types of legumes and increased N uptake and grain yield by 24-42 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 1.2-2.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1respectively. Thus, cultivation of grain/green manure legumes appears economically and ecologically beneficial.Key Words: bare fallow, crop N uptake, denitrification, green manure, leaching, nitrate catch crops, nitrificationThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:9, Jun.2008  Page: 1-9

scholarly journals N<sub>2</sub>O emission from organic barley cultivation as affected by green manure management

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2307-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nadeem ◽  
S. Hansen ◽  
M. Azzaroli Bleken ◽  
P. Dörsch
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Biogas Residue

Abstract. Legumes are an important source of nitrogen in stockless organic cereal production. However, substantial amounts of N can be lost from legume-grass leys prior to or after incorporation as green manure (GM). Here we report N2O emissions from a field experiment in SE Norway exploring different green manure management strategies: mulching versus removal of grass-clover herbage during a whole growing season and replacement as biogas residue to a subsequent barley crop. Grass-clover ley had small but significantly higher N2O emissions as compared with a non-fertilized cereal reference during the year of green manure (GM) production in 2009. Mulching of herbage induced significantly more N2O emission (+0.37 kg N2O-N ha−1) throughout the growing season than removing herbage. In spring 2010 all plots were ploughed (with and without GM) and sown with barley, resulting in generally higher N2O emissions than during the previous year. Application of biogas residue (110 kg N ha−1) before sowing did not increase emissions neither when applied to previous ley plots nor when applied to previously unfertilized cereal plots. Ley management (mulching vs. removing biomass in 2009) had no effect on N2O emissions during barley production in 2010. In general, GM ley (mulched or harvested) increased N2O emissions relative to a cereal reference with low mineral N fertilisation (80 kg N ha−1). Organic cereal production emitted 95 g N2O-N kg−1 N yield in barley grain, which was substantially higher than in the cereal reference treatment with 80 kg mineral N fertilization in 2010 (47 g N2O-N kg−1 N yield in barley grain).

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