Long-term alternative dairy manure management approaches enhance microbial biomass and activity in perennial forage grass

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina R. Neufeld ◽  
Sue J. Grayston ◽  
Shabtai Bittman ◽  
Maja Krzic ◽  
Derek E. Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Management Approaches

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

scholarly journals Long-Term Nitrogen Addition Decreases Soil Carbon Mineralization in an N-Rich Primary Tropical Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Xiankai Lu ◽  
Qinggong Mao ◽  
Zhuohang Wang ◽  
Taiki Mori ◽  
Jiangming Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil Carbon Mineralization ◽  
N Additions

Anthropogenic elevated nitrogen (N) deposition has an accelerated terrestrial N cycle, shaping soil carbon dynamics and storage through altering soil organic carbon mineralization processes. However, it remains unclear how long-term high N deposition affects soil carbon mineralization in tropical forests. To address this question, we established a long-term N deposition experiment in an N-rich lowland tropical forest of Southern China with N additions such as NH4NO3 of 0 (Control), 50 (Low-N), 100 (Medium-N) and 150 (High-N) kg N ha−1 yr−1, and laboratory incubation experiment, used to explore the response of soil carbon mineralization to the N additions therein. The results showed that 15 years of N additions significantly decreased soil carbon mineralization rates. During the incubation period from the 14th day to 56th day, the average decreases in soil CO2 emission rates were 18%, 33% and 47% in the low-N, medium-N and high-N treatments, respectively, compared with the Control. These negative effects were primarily aroused by the reduced soil microbial biomass and modified microbial functions (e.g., a decrease in bacteria relative abundance), which could be attributed to N-addition-induced soil acidification and potential phosphorus limitation in this forest. We further found that N additions greatly increased soil-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and there were significantly negative relationships between microbial biomass and soil DOC, indicating that microbial consumption on soil-soluble carbon pool may decrease. These results suggests that long-term N deposition can increase soil carbon stability and benefit carbon sequestration through decreased carbon mineralization in N-rich tropical forests. This study can help us understand how microbes control soil carbon cycling and carbon sink in the tropics under both elevated N deposition and carbon dioxide in the future.

without the necessity for cultivation of the cells (Rattray et al.1990). The light output is indicative of a metabolically active population of cells, since luciferase enzymes are dependent on cellular activity reserves, or reducing equivalents for bioluminescence. If the cells are growing, the light output is proportional to the number of cells in the sample. However, after long-term incubation in harsh environments, microbial cells often become starved or stressed and the light production from luciferase enzymes declines as a response to the change in cellular energy status (Duncan et al.1994). Therefore, in situbioluminescence is not a reliable indicator of microbial biomass under starvation conditions. The substrate and energy limitations for the luciferase reporter system may be overcome by adding nutrients to the sample in order to activate the microbial population (Meikle et al.1992, Duncan et al.1994). Alternatively, total protein from the environmental sample may be extracted. Then, the energy source can be added directly to the protein extract in vitroand the luciferase enzyme activity can be correlated to the specific luciferase-tagged microbial biomass in the sample (Moller et al.1995).

2003 ◽  
pp. 236-236
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Luciferase Enzyme ◽  
Starvation Conditions

scholarly journals Ant nests as a microbial hot spots in a long-term heavy metal-contaminated soils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Klimek ◽  
Hanna Poliwka-Modliborek ◽  
Irena M. Grześ
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Ant Nests

AbstractInteractions between soil fauna and soil microorganisms are not fully recognized, especially in extreme environments, such as long-term metal-polluted soils. The purpose of the study was to assess how the presence of Lasius niger ants affected soil microbial characteristics in a long-term metal-polluted area (Upper Silesia in Poland). Paired soil samples were taken from bulk soil and from ant nests and analysed for a range of soil physicochemical properties, including metal content (zinc, cadmium, and lead). Microbial analysis included soil microbial activity (soil respiration rate), microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration rate), and bacteria catabolic properties (Biolog® ECO plates). Soil collected from ant nests was drier and was characterized by a lower content of organic matter, carbon and nitrogen contents, and also lower metal content than bulk soil. Soil microbial respiration rate was positively related to soil pH (p = 0.01) and negatively to water-soluble metal content, integrated into TIws index (p = 0.01). Soil microbial biomass was negatively related to TIws index (p = 0.04). Neither soil microbial activity and biomass nor bacteria catabolic activity and diversity indices differed between bulk soil and ant nests. Taken together, ant activity reduced soil contamination by metals in a microscale which support microbial community activity and biomass but did not affect Biolog® culturable bacteria.

Irrigation and Rootstocks to Manage Northern Root-Knot Nematode During Wine Grape Vineyard Establishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine East ◽  
Inga Zasada ◽  
R. Paul Schreiner ◽  
Michelle Marie Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Establishment Phase

Vineyard replanting in Washington state can be negatively impacted by the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Chemically-focused nematode management programs do not offer long-term suppression, however, this may be achieved through the adoption of cultural approaches such as rootstocks and irrigation. Nematode-resistant rootstocks are used extensively in other regions, but many have not been tested against M. hapla. Vineyards in eastern Washington are irrigated, so manipulating available soil water may also impact nematode development. In 2017, two field trials were established in eastern Washington to evaluate the effects of: 1) late-summer water limitation on M. hapla population development, and 2) host status of 1103 Paulsen, 3309 Couderc and Matador rootstocks for M. hapla. The efficacy of these cultural management approaches was evaluated under three initial M. hapla densities (0, 50, and 250 M. hapla J2 per 250 g soil) in both trials. Reducing irrigation to manage M. hapla infestation of grape roots was ineffective and may cause harm to the vines by inducing too much water stress. Conversely, rootstocks effectively reduced population densities of M. hapla. Overall, rootstocks show the most promise as a cultural tool to manage M. hapla during the establishment phase in Washington vineyards.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline and Monensin Uptake by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass from Dairy Manure-Applied Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sheldon S. Hilaire ◽  
Barbara Bellows ◽  
Jeff A. Brady ◽  
James P. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Plant Matter

To address concerns regarding the potential impact of antibiotic use in animal husbandry on antibiotic resistance in humans, we conducted a greenhouse-based study examining uptake of the veterinary antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and monensin (MON) by Tifton 85 Bermudagrass (T85), the most commonly grown forage grass in the southeastern U.S.A. Since oxytetracycline is used in both veterinary and human medicine, its accumulation in animal products could impact human resistance to this antibiotic. Monensin is not used in human medicine but has a high potential for accumulating in the environment. Our research examined antibiotic uptake by forage grass T85, the effect of dairy manure application on its uptake, and antibiotic retention in soil. We compared unspiked, wet dairy manure to wet dairy manure spiked with MON or OTC that was soil surface applied to pots or incorporated into soil. After 6 wk, plant stem/leaf and root tissue, as well as soil samples, were assessed for antibiotic residues using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results confirmed Tifton 85 MON and OTC uptake. Six weeks after adding the antibiotics, the greatest plant matter OTC and MON contents were 157.9 ± 70.6 and 234.4 ± 19.6 µg kg−1, respectively, and 17.6 and 369.5 µg kg−1, respectively, for soil. When spiked with OTC, manure incorporation led to decreased OTC uptake by T85 tissue. Bioaccumulation of these antimicrobials in livestock and in the environment is a potential concern for animal, environmental, and human health.

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