The Impact of Moist Physics on the Sensitive Area Identification for Heavy Rainfall Associated Weather Systems

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) mounted on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite can provide both temperature and humidity information for a weather prediction model. Based on the rapid-refresh multi-scale analysis and prediction system—short-term (RMAPS-ST), we investigated the impact of ATMS radiance data assimilation on strong rainfall forecasts. Two groups of experiments were conducted to forecast heavy precipitation over North China between 18 July and 20 July 2016. The initial conditions and forecast results from the two groups of experiments have been compared and evaluated against observations. In comparison with the first group of experiments that only assimilated conventional observations, some added value can be obtained for the initial conditions of temperature, humidity, and wind fields after assimilating ATMS radiance observations in the system. For the forecast results with the assimilation of ATMS radiances, the score skills of quantitative forecast rainfall have been improved when verified against the observed rainfall. The Heidke skill score (HSS) skills of 6-h accumulated precipitation in the 24-h forecasts were overall increased, more prominently so for the heavy rainfall above 25 mm in the 0–6 h of forecasts. Assimilating ATMS radiance data reduced the false alarm ratio of quantitative precipitation forecasting in the 0–12 h of the forecast range and thus improved the threat scores for the heavy rainfall storm. Furthermore, the assimilation of ATMS radiances improved the spatial distribution of hourly rainfall forecast with observations compared with that of the first group of experiments, and the mean absolute error was reduced in the 10-h lead time of forecasts. The inclusion of ATMS radiances provided more information for the vertical structure of features in the temperature and moisture profiles, which had an indirect positive impact on the forecasts of the heavy rainfall in the RMAPS-ST system. However, the deviation in the location of the heavy rainfall center requires future work.

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A Canadian Self-Administered Online Survey to Evaluate the Impact of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis among Patients

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.2310/7750.2009.08066 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 294-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Norman Wasel ◽

Yves Poulin ◽

Robin Andrew ◽

Daphne Chan ◽

Elisa Fraquelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Life Quality ◽

Severe Psoriasis ◽

The Body ◽

Sensitive Area ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Consumer Panel ◽

Systemic Medication ◽

The Impact

Background: Few population studies of individuals living with psoriasis have been performed in Canada. Objective: The objective of this survey was to understand the severity and impact of psoriasis on the lives of Canadian patients. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a consumer panel. Eligible subjects reported a diagnosis of psoriasis and provided a self-reported level of severity. In addition, subjects had to either (a) have psoriasis covering at least 3% of their body surface area; (b) have psoriasis on a sensitive area of the body; or (c) be currently undergoing treatment for their psoriasis with systemic medication and/or phototherapy. Results: A total of 514 panelists met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. Current moderate, severe, or very severe psoriasis was reported by 65% of respondents. Nearly all subjects (96%) had psoriasis affecting a sensitive area of the body. At the time of the survey, 18% were taking systemic medication and/or phototherapy. Comorbidities, such as obesity and high blood pressure, were highly prevalent, with 75% of respondents reporting at least one other diagnosis. Data from the SF-8 and Dermatology Life Quality Index instruments indicated that psoriasis negatively impacted quality of life. Conclusion: Moderate-to-severe psoriasis places a burden on Canadian patients, some of whom may be receiving suboptimal treatment or treatment not appropriate for the severity of their condition.

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A comparison of weather systems in 1870 and 1956 leading to extreme floods in the Murray–Darling Basin

Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth System Science ◽

10.1071/es19003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Jeff Callaghan

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Middle Level ◽

Rainfall Data ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Murray Darling Basin ◽

The Impact

This research is the extension of a project studying the impact of 19th century severe weather events in Australia and their relation to similar events during the 20th and 21st century. Two floods with the worst known impacts in the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) are studied. One of these events which occurred during 1956 is relativelywell known and the Bureau of Meteorology archives contain good rainfall data covering the period. Additionally, information on the weather systems causing this rainfall can be obtained. Rainfall, flood and weather system data for this event are presented here and compared with a devastating event during 1870. Although archived Australian rainfall data is negligible during 1870 and there is no record of weather systems affecting Australia during that year, a realistic history of the floods and weather systems in the MDB during 1870 is created. This follows an extensive search through newspaper archives contained in the National Library of Australia’s web site. Examples are presented showing how the meteorological data in 19th century newspapers can be used to create weather charts. Six such events in 1870 are demonstrated and three of these had a phenomenal effect on the Murray–Darling system. The 1870 floods followed drought type conditions and it is remarkable that it was worse in many ways than the 1956 event which followed flood conditions in the MDB during the previous year. The events in 1870 caused much loss of life from drowning in the MDB in particular froman east coast low (ECL) in April 1870 and two Victorian weather systems in September and October 1870. In 1956, there were also record-breaking events especially during March when all-time record monthly rainfall were reported in New South Wales. Overall the greatest impact from flooding across the whole MDB was associated with the 1870 flooding. Analyses of heavy rainfall areas in the MDB showed a linear trend increase from 1900 to 2018. Analysing the same data using an 8-year moving average highlighted three peaks around the five highest annual rainfall years. The largest peak occurred around 1950 and 1956, the second largest around 1973 and 1974 and the third around 2010. Each of these 5 years occurred during negative phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and positive phases of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Studies have shown that the SOI is a climate driver in the MDB along with a persistent blocking high-pressure systems south of Australia along longitude 140°E with a low to its north. Three major blocking events with record rainfall and flooding in the MDB occurred in 1983, 1984 and 1990. Thiswas during the period 1977–1990 when blocking was conducive to heavy rain in the MDB and was coincidentwith a positive phase of the IPO, thus helping conflictwith the IPO–MDB heavy rainfall relationship. Persistent and unexplained middle level westerly winds kept subtropical Queensland clear of tropical cyclones during the negative phases of the IPO from 1999 to 2009 and during the 1960s, influencing low rainfall in the MDB during those periods.

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The impact of agricultural management practices on nutrient losses to water: data on the effects of soil drainage characteristics

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0577 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

I. Kurz ◽

H. Tunney ◽

C.E. Coxon

Keyword(s):

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Management Practices ◽

Overland Flow ◽

Grassland Management ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Soil P ◽

Total Ammonia ◽

Reactive Phosphorus ◽

The Impact

Against the background of increasing nutrient concentrations in Irish water bodies, this study set out to gain information on the potential of agricultural grassland to lose nutrients to water. Overland flow, flow from artificial subsurface drains and stream flow were gauged and sampled during heavy rainfall events. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), potassium (K), total ammonia (TA), and total oxidised nitrogen (TON) were measured in water samples. When the nutrient concentrations in water were examined in relation to the grassland management practices of the study catchments it emerged that soil P levels, the application of organic and inorganic fertilisers before heavy rainfall and the presence of grazing animals could all influence nutrient concentrations in surface and subsurface drainage water. Overall, the drainage characteristics of soil were found to have a considerable influence on the potential of land to lose nutrients to water.

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Impact of Radiance Data Assimilation on the Prediction of Heavy Rainfall in RMAPS: A Case Study

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs10091380 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yanhui Xie ◽

Jiancheng Shi ◽

Shuiyong Fan ◽

Min Chen ◽

Youjun Dou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Assimilation ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Precipitation Forecast ◽

Observation Data ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Satellite Radiance Data ◽

Radiance Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Heavy Rainfall Events

Herein, a case study on the impact of assimilating satellite radiance observation data into the rapid-refresh multi-scale analysis and prediction system (RMAPS) is presented. This case study targeted the 48 h period from 19–20 July 2016, which was characterized by the passage of a low pressure system that produced heavy rainfall over North China. Two experiments were performed and 24 h forecasts were produced every 3 h. The results indicated that the forecast prior to the satellite radiance data assimilation could not accurately predict heavy rainfall events over Beijing and the surrounding area. The assimilation of satellite radiance data from the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) and microwave humidity sounding (MHS) improved the skills of the quantitative precipitation forecast to a certain extent. In comparison with the control experiment that only assimilated conventional observations, the experiment with the integrated satellite radiance data improved the rainfall forecast accuracy for 6 h accumulated precipitation after about 6 h, especially for rainfall amounts that were greater than 25 mm. The average rainfall score was improved by 14.2% for the 25 mm threshold and by 35.8% for 50 mm of rainfall. The results also indicated a positive impact of assimilating satellite radiances, which was primarily reflected by the improved performance of quantitative precipitation forecasting and higher spatial correlation in the forecast range of 6–12 h. Satellite radiance observations provided certain valuable information that was related to the temperature profile, which increased the scope of the prediction of heavy rainfall and led to an improvement in the rainfall scoring in the RMAPS. The inclusion of satellite radiance observations was found to have a small but beneficial impact on the prediction of heavy rainfall events as it relates to our case study conditions. These findings suggest that the assimilation of satellite radiance data in the RMAPS can provide an overall improvement in heavy rainfall forecasting.

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Impact of Pulse Quenching Effect on Sensitive Area at Advanced Technologies

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.693 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 392 ◽

pp. 693-696

Author(s):

Wen Tao Xu ◽

Yang Guo ◽

Yan Kang Du

Keyword(s):

Computer Aided Design ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Sensitive Area ◽

Isolation Technique ◽

Quenching Effect ◽

Advanced Technologies ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Aided Design ◽

The Impact

The impact of pulse quenching effect on the sensitive area is evaluated by using three-dimensional technology computer-aided design (TCAD) numerical simulation. Simulation results present that the pulse quenching effect could effectively reduce the sensitive area of PMOS transistors. By adopting the off-state gate isolation technique, the sensitive area is further reduced.

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The Impact of Tropical Storm Paul (1999) on the Motion and Rainfall Associated with Tropical Storm Rachel (1999) near Taiwan

Monthly Weather Review ◽

10.1175/2009mwr3021.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (5) ◽

pp. 1635-1650 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chun-Chieh Wu ◽

Kevin K. W. Cheung ◽

Jan-Huey Chen ◽

Cheng-Chuan Chang

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

South China ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Large Scale ◽

Monsoon Trough ◽

Tropical Storm ◽

Heavy Rainfall Event ◽

Key Factors ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

The Impact

Abstract A heavy rainfall event associated with the passage of Tropical Storm Rachel (1999) over southern Taiwan was studied in which a conceptual model was proposed. In the model, Tropical Storm Paul (1999) plays an important role in impeding the movement of Rachel, thus becoming one of the key factors in enhancing the rainfall amount in southern Taiwan. To further quantify the above concept, a mesoscale numerical model is used to evaluate the influence of Paul on the simulated rainfall associated with Rachel near Taiwan. Sensitivity experiments are performed by removing the circulation of Paul, and/or the large-scale monsoon trough system, where Paul is imbedded. The potential vorticity diagnosis shows that the movement of Rachel is indeed affected by the presence of Paul. Nevertheless, a more detailed analysis shows that it is the presence of the entire monsoon trough that impedes the movement of Rachel and steers the storm toward southwestern Taiwan especially before its landfall. In all, these results generally support the conceptual model with regard to the heavy rainfall mechanism proposed in a previous study. Moreover, this study further points out that it is the circulation associated with both Paul and the entire monsoon trough that affects the movement of Rachel. In addition, the analyses based on the no-terrain simulation depict the relationships among the moisture-rich air from the South China Sea associated with Rachel, relatively dry air from South China, and the mechanism of forming a warm and dry region to the eastern side of the Taiwan terrain, which greatly influences the heavy rainfall distribution in the event.

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Heavy rainfall in Pakistan during 27-29 July 2010: Role of atmospheric energy conversion characteristics

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v65i1.886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

FEIGE FEIGE ◽

ZAHEER AHMADBABAR ◽

SHENG LIGUO ◽

XIEFEIZHI FEIZHI ◽

YUNCHEN YUNCHEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Potential Energy ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Energy Parameter ◽

High Energy ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Atmospheric Energy ◽

Weather Events ◽

Present Decade ◽

The Impact

Extreme weather events over Asia particularly in Pakistan are becoming more frequent in the present decade or so. This is contributing to the ever increasing human suffering of the region. In this study the whole energy parameter E from atmospheric energetic theory is derived. The characteristics of atmospheric energy conversion during the heavy rainfall in Pakistan for the period 27-29 July, 2010 are also discussed. The results show that due to the impact of the atmospheric circulation and terrain conditions, the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, in the form of standing wave, during heavy rainfall development period. The conversion between kinetic and potential energy is significant in heavy rainfall spell. High energy value corresponds to the heavy rainfall region.

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Spatiotemporal Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Incorporating the Effects of Heavy Rainfall: A Case Study of the Heavy Rainfall in August 2021 in Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

Water ◽

10.3390/w13223312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 3312

Author(s):

Jiaying Li ◽

Weidong Wang ◽

Yange Li ◽

Zheng Han ◽

Guangqi Chen

Keyword(s):

Landslide Susceptibility ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Support Vector ◽

Landslide Risk ◽

Chi Square ◽

Area Index ◽

The Impact

Landslide represents an increasing menace causing huge casualties and economic losses, and rainfall is a predominant factor inducing landslides. Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is a commonly used and effective method to prevent landslide risk, however, the LSA does not analyze the impact of the rainfall on landslides which is significant and non-negligible. Therefore, the spatiotemporal LSA considering the inducing effect of rainfall is proposed to improve accuracy and applicability. In this study, the influencing factors are selected using the chi-square test, out-of-bag error and multicollinearity test. The spatial LSA are thus obtained using the random forest (RF) model, deep belief networks model and support vector machine, and compared using receiver operating characteristic curve and seed cell area index to determine the optimal assessment result. According to the heavy rainfall characteristics in the study area, the rainfall period is divided into four stages, and the effective rainfall model is employed to generate the rainfall impact (RI) maps of the four stages. The spatiotemporal LSAs are obtained by coupling the optimal spatial LSA and various RI maps and verified using the landslide warning map. The results demonstrate that the optimal spatiotemporal LSA is obtained using the spatial LSA of the RF model and temporal LSA of the rainfall data in the peak stage. It can predict the area where rainfall-induced landslides are likely to occur and prevent landslide risk.

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Recent and Future Changes in Rainfall Erosivity and Implications for the Soil Erosion Risk in Brandenburg, NE Germany

Water ◽

10.3390/w11050904 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 904 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gericke ◽

Kiesel ◽

Deumlich ◽

Venohr

Keyword(s):

Soil Loss ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Climate Models ◽

Climate Model ◽

Arable Land ◽

Rainfall Erosivity ◽

Erosion Risk ◽

Ne Germany ◽

The Impact ◽

R Factors

The universal soil loss equation (USLE) is widely used to identify areas of erosion risk at regional scales. In Brandenburg, USLE R factors are usually estimated from summer rainfall, based on a relationship from the 1990s. We compared estimated and calculated factors of 22 stations with 10-minutes rainfall data. To obtain more realistic estimations, we regressed the latter to three rainfall indices (total and heavy-rainfall sums). These models were applied to estimate future R factors of 188 climate stations. To assess uncertainties, we derived eight scenarios from 15 climate models and two representative concentration pathways (RCP), and compared the effects of index choice to the choices of climate model, RCP, and bias correction. The existing regression model underestimated the calculated R factors by 40%. Moreover, using heavy-rainfall sums instead of total sums explained the variability of current R factors better, increased their future changes, and reduced the model uncertainty. The impact of index choice on future R factors was similar to the other choices. Despite all uncertainties, the results indicate that average R factors will remain above past values. Instead, the extent of arable land experiencing excessive soil loss might double until the mid-century with RCP 8.5 and unchanged land management.

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