scholarly journals Revised D-A-CH reference values for the intake of biotin

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Sabine Ellinger ◽  
Bernhard Watzl ◽  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Update Process

Abstract Purpose The reference values for biotin intake for Germany, Austria and Switzerland lead back to a report in 2000. Following a timely update process, they were revised in 2020. Methods For infants aged 0 to < 4 months, adequate biotin supply via human milk was assumed and in consequence the reference value reflects the amount of biotin delivered by human milk. For infants aged 4 to < 12 months, biotin intake was extrapolated from the reference value for younger infants. Due to missing data on average requirement, the reference values for biotin intake for children, adolescents and adults were derived based on observed intake levels. The reference value for lactating women considered in addition biotin losses via human milk. Results The reference value for biotin intake for infants aged 0 to < 4 months was set at 4 µg/day and for infants aged 4 to < 12 months at 6 µg/day. In children and adolescents, the reference values for biotin intake ranged from 20 µg/day in children 1 to < 4 years to 40 µg/day in youths 15 to < 19 years. For adults including pregnant women, 40 µg/day was derived as reference value for biotin intake. For lactating women, this value was set at 45 µg/day. Conclusions As deficiency symptoms of biotin do not occur with a usual mixed diet and the average requirement cannot be determined, reference values for an adequate biotin intake for populations from Germany, Austria and Switzerland were derived from biotin intake levels assessed in population-based nutrition surveys.

scholarly journals Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Protein

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Kurt Baerlocher ◽  
Jürgen M. Bauer ◽  
Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽  
Helmut Heseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Update Process

Background: Following a timely update process, the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH) revised the reference values for the intake of protein in 2017. The Working Group conducted a structured literature search in PubMed considering newly published papers (2000– 2017). Summary: For infants < 4 months, the estimated values were set based on the protein intake via breast milk. Reference values for infants > 4 months, children, adolescents, pregnant, and lactating women were calculated using the factorial method considering both requirement for growth and maintenance. For adults, reference values were derived from nitrogen balance studies; for seniors (> 65 years), reports on metabolic and functional parameters under various protein intakes were additionally considered. Reference ­values (g protein/kg body weight per day) were set as follows: infants  < 4 months: 2.5–1.4, children: 1.3–0.8, adults < 65 years: 0.8, adults > 65 years: 1.0. Key Messages: The reference values for infants, children, adolescents, and adults < 65 years are essentially unchanged compared to recently published values. Scientifically reliable data published between 2000 and 2017 guided the D-A-CH Working Group to set a higher estimated value for adults > 65 years. Since the energy consumption continuously decreases with age, this new estimated protein intake value might be a challenge for the introduction of food-based nutrition concepts for older people.

scholarly journals Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Strohm ◽  
Sabine Ellinger ◽  
Eva Leschik-Bonnet ◽  
Friederike Maretzke ◽  
Helmut Heseker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Urinary Potassium

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017. Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, the estimated value was set based on the potassium intake via breast milk. From this reference value, the estimated value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was also derived by extrapolation. The estimated value for lactating women takes into account the potassium loss via breast milk. Results: The estimated values for potassium intake are set at 400 mg/day for breastfed infants aged 0 to under 4 months, 600 mg/day for infants aged 4 to under 12 months, 1,100-4,000 mg/day for children and adolescents, 4,000 mg/day for adults and pregnant women and 4,400 mg/day for lactating women. Conclusions: The consumption of potassium-rich foods should be generally increased. Supplemental intake beyond the estimated values has no health benefit and is therefore not recommended.

scholarly journals Revised D-A-CH Reference Values for the Intake of Vitamin B6

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Alexandra Jungert ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
Margrit Richter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Allometric Exponent ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adult Females

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Nutrition Societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland as the joint editors of the “D-A-CH reference values for nutrient intake” have revised the reference values for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in summer 2019. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> For women, the average requirement (AR) for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake was derived on the basis of balance studies using a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) plasma concentration of ≥30 nmol/L as a biomarker of an adequate vitamin B<sub>6</sub> status. The recommended intake (RI) was derived considering a coefficient of variation of 10%. The RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for men, children, and adolescents were extrapolated from the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for women considering differences in body weight, an allometric exponent, growth factors as appropriate, and a coefficient of variation. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months, an estimated value was set based on the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> intake via breast feeding. The reference value for infants aged 4 to under 12 months was extrapolated from the estimated value for infants under 4 months of age and the average vitamin B<sub>6</sub> requirement for adults. The reference values for pregnant and lactating women consider the requirements for the foetus and the loss via breast milk. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> According to the combined analysis of 5 balance studies, the AR for vitamin B<sub>6</sub> to ensure a plasma PLP concentration of ≥30 nmol/L is 1.2 mg/day for adult females and the extrapolated AR for adult males is 1.3 mg/day. The corresponding RIs of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> are 1.4 mg/day for adult females and 1.6 mg/day for adult males, independent of age. For infants, the estimated value is 0.1 mg/day and 0.3 mg/day, depending on age. The AR of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> for children and adolescents ranges between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/day, and the RI is between 0.6 mg/day and 1.6 mg/day. During pregnancy, the AR is 1.3 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.5 mg/day in the second and third trimesters; the RI is 1.5 mg/day in the first trimester and 1.8 mg/day in the second and third trimesters. For lactating women, the AR is 1.3 mg/day and the RI is 1.6 mg/day.

scholarly journals Evidence of inadequate docosahexaenoic acid status in Brazilian pregnant and lactating women

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre G Torres ◽  
Nádia M F Trugo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Recently published data concerning dietary intake of fat and food sources of (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in Brazil are reviewed together with data on biochemical indices of PUFA status during pregnancy and lactation and PUFA composition of breast milk in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Potential inadequacies of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among Brazilian pregnant and lactating women have not yet been thoroughly evaluated. The data reviewed show that dietary intake of food sources of n-3 LCPUFA is low and possibly deficient in Brazil, and that biochemical indices of maternal DHA status and breast milk DHA content are low compared to the international literature. These data indicate inadequate DHA status among Brazilian women during pregnancy and lactation, but this evidence needs confirmation through comprehensive and specific population-based studies.

Population-based lipoprotein lipid reference values for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women classified by sex hormone usage

1982 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Knopp ◽  
Robert O. Bergelin ◽  
Patricia W. Wahl ◽  
Carolyn E. Walden ◽  
Margaret Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipid

scholarly journals New Reference Values for Vitamin C Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
German Nutrition Society (DGE)
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Calculated Average

The German, Austrian, and Swiss nutrition societies are the editors of the ‘reference values for nutrient intake'. They have revised the reference values for the intake of vitamin C and published them in February 2015. The average vitamin C requirement in healthy adults is considered to be the vitamin C amount that compensates for the metabolic losses of vitamin C, and ensures a fasting ascorbate plasma level of 50 µmol/l. Based on the present data from studies with non-smoking men, metabolic losses of 50 mg/day are assumed, as well as an absorption rate of 80% and an urinary excretion of 25% of the vitamin C intake. Taking this into account, the calculated average requirement in men is 91 mg/day. Considering a coefficient of variation of 10%, a reference value (recommended intake) of 110 mg/day for men is derived. The vitamin C requirement in women as well as in children and adolescents is extrapolated from the requirement in men and in relation to their body weight. This results in a recommended intake of about 95 mg/day for adult women. Because the requirement in pregnant and lactating women is increased, higher recommended intakes are derived for them, 105 mg/day for pregnant women from the fourth month on and 125 mg/day for lactating women, respectively. For boys and girls at the age of 1 to under 15 years, there are increasing recommended intake values from 20 to 85 mg/day. For male and female adolescents, at the age of 15 to under 19 years, the recommended intake is 105 and 90 mg, respectively. As smokers have higher metabolic losses and lower plasma levels of vitamin C than non-smokers (turnover is 40% higher), the reference value for vitamin C intake is set to 135 mg/day for female smokers and 155 mg/day for male smokers. For infants in their first year of life, the reference value (estimated value) is set to 20 mg vitamin C/ day, based upon the lowest observed vitamin C intake for infants in the United Kingdom and the United States, that obviously meets the requirement in infants and that is 3 times higher than the amount necessary to prevent scurvy (7 mg/day).

Does Active Smoking Influence the Second Trimester Biochemical Markers Concentrations?

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2234-2236
Author(s):  
Dan Navolan ◽  
Florin Birsasteanu ◽  
Adrian Carabineanu ◽  
Octavian Cretu ◽  
Diana Liana Badiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cigarette smoke contains over 7000 different substances some of them exerting harmful effects on embryo and pregnant woman. Nowadays 15 % of adult people and around 10-15% of pregnant women smoke. Previous studies showed that cigarette smoke compounds could exert pharmacodinamic effects and influence some of the second trimester biochemical markers concentration. Therefore there is a need to adjust the reference values of second trimester markers depending of the smoker status. The aim of our study was to analyse which of the markers are influenced by smoking and whether the software used to calculate the risk for aneuploidies is able to counterbalance this influence. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) and free estriol (uE3) values were measured in second trimester sera of 1242 pregnant women: 1089 non-smokers and 153 smokers. Only hCG second trimester values were influenced by smoking whereas AFP and uE3 values were not. The correction of medians according to the smoking status was able to counterbalance this effect.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Adverse Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
Samira Behboudi-Gandevani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Iadpsg Criteria ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the impact of different gestational-diabetes (GDM) diagnostic-criteria on the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes. The search process encompassed PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to retrieve original, population-based studies with the universal GDM screening approach, published in English language and with a focus on adverse-maternal-outcomes up to January 2020. According to GDM diagnostic criteria, the studies were classified into seven groups. A total of 49 population-based studies consisting of 1409018 pregnant women with GDM and 7,667,546 non-GDM counterparts were selected for data analysis and knowledge synthesis. Accordingly, the risk of adverse-maternal-outcomes including primary-cesarean, induction of labor, maternal-hemorrhage, and pregnancy-related-hypertension, overall, regardless of GDM diagnostic-criteria and in all diagnostic-criteria subgroups were significantly higher than non-GDM counterparts. However, in meta-regression, the increased risk was not influenced by the GDM diagnostic-classification and the magnitude of the risks among patients, using the IADPSG criteria-classification as the most strict-criteria, was similar to other criteria. In conclusion, a reduction in the diagnostic-threshold increased the prevalence of GDM, but the risk of adverse-maternal-outcome was not different among those women who were diagnosed through more or less intensive strategies. Our review findings can empower health-care-providers to select the most cost-effective approach for the screening of GDM among pregnant women.

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