Effects of NaOH treatment of cereal starch granules on the extent of granular starch hydrolysis

To improve the miscibility of native rice starch granules and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), rice starch was hydrolyzed by a mixture of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase. The obtained porous rice granular starch was then mechanically blended with PBAT by single screw extruder. Many pits and holes on the surface of starch granules were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rough surface of the rice starch granules improved the compatibility of the polymers in the blends, which consequently increased the tensile strength and the elongation at break. In addition, SEM also revealed that the porous granules were homogeneously distributed in the polymer matrix with no appearance of gaps.

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Starch structure and degree of starch hydrolysis of small and large starch granules from barley varieties with varying amylose content

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 130 (1-2) ◽

pp. 23-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

A. Stevnebø ◽

S. Sahlström ◽

B. Svihus

Keyword(s):

Amylose Content ◽

Starch Hydrolysis ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Starch Structure ◽

Hydrolysis Of

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The Collagenic Molecular Structural Unit of Solid State Complexes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100066449 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 478-479

Author(s):

Kenneth M. Richter ◽

John A. Schilling

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Solid State ◽

Structural Unit ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Naoh Treatment

The structural unit of solid state collagen complexes has been reported by Porter and Vanamee via EM and by Cowan, North and Randall via x-ray diffraction to be an ellipsoidal unit of 210-270 A. length by 50-100 A. diameter. It subsequently was independently demonstrated by us in dog tendon, dermis, and induced complexes. Its detailed morphologic, dimensional and molecular weight (MW) aspects have now been determined. It is pear-shaped in long profile with m diameters of 57 and 108 A. and m length of 263 A. (Fig. 1, tendon, KMnO4 fixation, Na-tungstate; Fig. 2a, schematic of unit in long, C, and x-sectional profiles of its thin, xB, and bulbous, xA portions; Fig. 2b, tendon essentially unmodified by ether and 0.4 N NaOH treatment, Na-tungstate). The unit consists of a uniquely coild cable, c, of ṁ 22.9 A. diameter and length of 2580-3316 A. The cable consists of three 2nd-strands, s, each of m 10.6 A.

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An Electron Diffraction Study on Litnerized Potato Starch

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010018166x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 580-581

Author(s):

Jean-Claude Jésior ◽

Roger Vuong ◽

Henri Chanzy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Potato Starch ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Electron Diffraction Study ◽

Starch Granules ◽

X Ray ◽

Individual Grains ◽

Diamond Knife

Starch is arranged in a crystalline manner within its storage granules and should thus give sharp X-ray diagrams. Unfortunately most of the common starch granules have sizes between 1 and 100μm, making them too small for an X-ray study on individual grains. There is only one instance where an oriented X-ray diagram could be obtained on one sector of an individual giant starch granule. Despite their small size, starch granules are still too thick to be studied by electron diffraction with a transmission electron microscope. The only reported study on starch ultrastructure using electron diffraction on frozen hydrated material was made on small fragments. The present study has been realized on thin sectioned granules previously litnerized to improve the signal to noise ratio.Potato starch was hydrolyzed for 10 days in 2.2N HCl at 35°C, dialyzed against water until neutrality and embedded in Nanoplast. Sectioning was achieved with a commercially available low-angle “35°” diamond knife (Diatome) after a very carefull trimming and a pre-sectioning with a classical “45°” diamond knife. Sections obtained at a final sectioning angle of 42.2° (compared with the usual 55-60°) and at a nominal thickness of 900Å were collected on a Formvar-carbon coated grid. The exact location of the starch granules in their sections was recorded by optical microscopy on a Zeiss Universal polarizing microscope (Fig. 1a). After rehydration at a relative humidity of 95% for 24 hours they were mounted on a Philips cryoholder and quench frozen in liquid nitrogen before being inserted under frozen conditions in a Philips EM 400T electron microscope equipped with a Gatan anticontaminator and a Lhesa image intensifier.

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Pengoptimalan Air Leri dalam Pembuatan Sabun Pembersih Wajah Alami yang Ekonomis

JST (Jurnal Sains Terapan) ◽

10.32487/jst.v3i1.223 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽

Trimayasari Trimayasari ◽

Ghozali Akhmad Mustaqim ◽

Wening Dwi Prastiwi ◽

Emas Agus Prastyo Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Hard Water ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Ultraviolet Rays ◽

Starch Granules ◽

Facial Skin ◽

Skin Cells ◽

The Face ◽

Made In

AbstractSoap facial cleanser is needed to keep the facial skin to keep them clean and healthy. The purpose of this study to make soap cleanser with natural materials such as hard water deposits leri. This is because the use of leri water starch or starch granules of fine particles contained in water leri dansel dust can shed the dead skin on the face because of the essential amino acids contained can regenerate skin cells. In addition, water leri can brighten the face because the leri water oryzanol contain substances that can update the development and formation of the pigment melanin, which is effectively to ward off ultraviolet rays. The process of making soap using the principle of saponification reaction, namely the reaction between the oil and the KOH/NaOH. Facial cleansing soap made in this study is solid soap. Based on the results of quality test, soap solid leri water has a pH of 11.1, saponification number is 33, the water content of 46% as well as respondents to the test aspects of aroma and foam shows good results so this water leri treatment can be an alternative solution to prevent the use of soap facial cleansers that contain harmful chemicals. Keywords: air leri, soap cleanser, saponification AbstrakSabun pembersih wajah sangat diperlukan untuk menjaga kulit wajah agar tetap bersih dan sehat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuat sabun pembersih wajah dengan bahan alami berupa endapan air leri. Penggunaan air leri ini dikarenakan butiran partikel starch atau pati halus yang terdapat dalam air leri dapat merontokkan debu dansel kulit mati pada wajah karena asam amino esensial yang terkandung dapat meregenerasi sel-sel kulit. Selain itu, air leri dapat mencerahkan wajah karena air leri mengandung zat oryzanol yang dapat memperbarui perkembangan dan pembentukan pigmen melanin, yang efektif guna menangkal sinar ultraviolet. Proses pembuatan sabun menggunakan prinsip reaksi saponifikasi, yaitu reaksi antara minyak dan KOH/NaOH. Sabun pembersih wajah yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini ialah sabun padat. Berdasarkan hasil uji mutu, sabun air leri padat memiliki pH 11,1, angka penyabunan sebesar 33 kadar air 46 kadar air 46 % serta uji responden terhadap aspek aroma dan busa yang menunjukkan hasil cukup baik sehingga pengolahan air leri ini dapat menjadi solusi alternative untuk mencegah penggunaan sabun pembersih wajah yang mengandung bahan kimia berbahaya. Kata kunci: air leri, sabun pembersih wajah, saponifikasi

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Starch hydrolysis products. Determination of reducing power and dextrose equivalent. Lane and Eynon constant titre method

10.3403/00345797u ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reducing Power ◽

Starch Hydrolysis ◽

Dextrose Equivalent ◽

Hydrolysis Products

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