The effect of contraceptive methods on reproductive tract infections risk: a cross-sectional study having a sample of 52,481 women

2016 ◽  
Vol 294 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ya Wang ◽  
Le OuYang ◽  
Fei Tong ◽  
Xiu-Jun Zhang ◽  
Xiu-De Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Menstrual hygiene practices in young girls of urban India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena V. Wagh ◽  
Aditi J. Upadhye ◽  
Jayshree J. Upadhye
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Girls ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Menstrual hygiene is an important aspect in the life of young girls.The present study aims at assessing the knowledge regarding menstruation and hygienic practices and perceptions during menstruation.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted among 100 young girls of 20-22 years age to assess the awareness of menstrual hygiene. Data was collected by pre-tested questionnaire. Statistics was calculated in percentages.Results: Out of 100 girls, 71 (71%) knew about menstruation before menarche while 29 (29%) did not have any knowledge. 71 (71%) girls knew the cause of menstruation as physiological, 18 (18%) girls didn’t know the cause, 11 (11%) girls still believe it as curse of God. 68 (68%) girls knew the source of bleeding during menstruation as uterus, 20 (20%) girls thought it as vagina while 12 (12%) thought it as urethra. 64% girls use sanitary pads during menstruation, 19% girls used old cloth while 17% girls used new cloth during menstruation as adsorbent material. 9% girls dispose pads or used cloth in dustbin, 19% girls flush them in toilet while 12% girls throw them roadside. 96% girls avoid going to temple, 68% girls restrict their daily activities, 56% girls avoid going to functions, 50% girls avoid going to kitchen, 50% girls avoid going to kitchen while 45% girls avoid touching things at home.Conclusions: It is very important that young girls should be educated about the importance of maintaining hygiene during menstruation to prevent the risk of reproductive tract infections.

scholarly journals Knowledge regarding Leucorrhoea among women residing in selected urban community of Ludhiana City

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 014-016
Author(s):  
Mamta Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Reproductive tract infections form one of the major burdens of disease in developing countries. Most of the women suffer from leucorrhoea and do not present themselves for seeking medical treatment in early stage as the women has poor understanding regarding leucorrhoea. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of females regarding leucorrhoea. Study Design: Cross- sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study involved collection of information regarding knowledge of females about leucorrhoeausingmultiple-choice questionnaire. Two hundred and fifty females residing in Model Town, Ludhiana were recruited in the study by using convenient sampling. Results: The result revealed that only 20% of subjects had good level of knowledge, and 80% subject had poor level of knowledge regarding leucorrhoea. The mean knowledge score regarding leucorrhoea among subjects was 19 with a standard deviation of 3.94. The highest mean knowledge score of 19.5 + 4.69 was in the age group of >35 years.

scholarly journals Menstrual hygiene practices of women in a rural area of Kancheepuram district, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Angeline Grace G. ◽  
ArunKumar M. ◽  
Umadevi R.
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Sanitary Pads ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Menstruation is a normal biological function in females and in the society, the practices followed are highly variable across different regions. This study aimed to determine the practices followed during menstruation by rural women in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was carried out between August and October 2018. Sample size of 400 was calculated by using formula 4pq/d2 and female respondents were selected from sampled households using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, which were analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and presented using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results: A total of 395 women were included in the study. About 54% of females belonged to the age group of 26-35 years and 82.5% were married. Use of sanitary pads during menstruation was reported by 28.6% of the females. Other absorbents used were disposable cloths (46.3%) and reusable cloths (25.1%). About 79% of females practiced some form of restriction during menstruation. Females aged <35 years (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.48-4.39) were more likely to use sanitary pad compared to older females. Females who used sanitary pad as absorbent were less likely to have symptoms of reproductive tract infections compared to those who didn’t (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94).Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene practices were found be unsatisfactory among the rural women and various restrictions during menstruation were also in practice. Women should be educated about the importance of use of sanitary pads and the harms of using cloths. Awareness also needs to be created to abolish the unnecessary restrictions that are imposed on women to be followed during menstruation.

Prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Maharlouei ◽  
Esmat Barooti ◽  
Farkhondeh Sharif ◽  
Hamed Hosseini ◽  
Kamran B. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Tract Infections

Background Reproductive tract infections are among the most prevalent gynaecological health concerns. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of reproductive tract infections among a defined population of Iranian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Shiraz, Southern Iran, from 2007 to 2009. The study subjects were 28 484 vulnerable household women who were covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation insurance scheme. All the participants underwent vaginal speculum examinations and swab sampling. Vaginal discharge was collected for Gram staining, potassium hydroxide mount, wet mount and in a transport medium for culture and sensitivity testing. The frequency of reproductive tract infections and their risk factors were determined. Results: The mean age of the 28 484 women who participated in the study was 48.7 ± 10.1 (range: 13–104) years. According to the results, 13 472 (47.3%) subjects had reproductive tract infections. Moreover, vulvovaginal candidiasis was the most common infection in our population, accounting for 4718 subjects (16.6%), followed by trichomoniasis (11.2%) and bacterial vaginosis (10.6%). Furthermore, the number of pregnancies, being married and low educational levels (illiterate and under diploma level) were the risk factors for these infections, whereas the use of oral contraceptives and being employed were the protective factors. Conclusion: Almost half of the vulnerable Iranian women suffer from reproductive tract infections, with candidiasis and trichomoniasis being the most prevalent types. Based on the high prevalence of these infections, appropriate and precise screening programs should be taken into consideration for this specific population.

scholarly journals Determinants of menstrual hygiene among school going adolescent girls in urban areas of Hyderabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 2211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Pal Singh Chajhlana ◽  
Sai Ram Amaravadhi ◽  
Sai Deepika Mazodi ◽  
Venkata Sravani Kolusu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The word adolescent is derived from the Latin word “adolescere”, which means to grow into maturity. The adolescent girls get debarred due to various social misconceptions, lack of privacy, illiteracy of parents, especially mother, low socioeconomic conditions, and lack of proper health awareness and education about this sensitive issue which ultimately results this age group into vulnerability to reproductive tract infections, which can be reduced by improving the knowledge about the menstrual hygiene.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among school going adolescent girls during the month of November 2018. Data was collected using a questionnaire which includes socio-demographic variables and menstrual hygiene practices. Sample size of the study was 69 students. The assessment of knowledge was done as good knowledge (score: >5/10) poor knowledge (score <5/10). The of data and the. All the data collected was entered and analysed with MS excel software 2007.Results: 28.1% girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche.. Major source of information about menstruation is mother (53.6%). More than 80% of adolescent girls are using sanitary pads as an absorbent. Lack of disposal facility and lack of water supply are reasons for school absenteeism.Conclusions: In this study the knowledge of menstruation hygiene among the study population is significantly associated with mother’s education and occupation. 

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in a rural private school

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Miti Dwijen Bhatt ◽  
Deepali Mohan Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Being a developing country, India is faced with many health problems which can be averted by education and implementation of basic guidelines. Menstrual hygiene is one such topics which is rarely brought to attention but forms an integral part of a women’s life. This topic has been neglected not only in rural areas but in the poor socioeconomic corners of metropolitan cities. This ignorance has taken a great toll on the quality of life of women. Poor hygiene predisposes them to reproductive tract infections which may lead to increased incidence of infertility and mortality. Misconceptions regarding this have also prevented women to seek out professional help. Keeping this in mind the study was undertaken to spread awareness and eliminate the taboo this topic is regarded with.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted amongst adolescent girls in a private school located in Angaon village, Bhiwandi Taluka, Mumbai. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the adolescent girls to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding menstrual cycle. Percentages were used for statistical analysis.Results: 83 girls (96.51%) were aware of menstrual cycle. 49 (56.98%) girls perceived that menstrual blood is dirty. 72 (83.72%) knew that it is a physiological process. 85 (98.84%) were also aware about menstrual hygiene. 85 (98.4%) felt that girls should be addressed regarding menstrual cycle, hygiene before achieving menarche. 50 (58.14%) girls followed restrictions during menstruation.Conclusions: The findings of the present study emphasize the need to address physiology about menstrual cycle as well as the myths and misconceptions associated with it.

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