scholarly journals Novel and flexible ultrasound simulation with smartphones and tablets in fetal echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Johannes Hartmann ◽  
Ulrike Friebe-Hoffmann ◽  
Nikolaus de Gregorio ◽  
Amelie de Gregorio ◽  
Christiane Lato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Effect ◽  
Fetal Echocardiography ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Ultrasound Simulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ultrasound Simulator ◽  
Remote Learning

Abstract Purpose Evaluation of a novel ultrasound-simulation-app for training fetal echocardiography as a possible useful addition for students, residents and specialist doctors. Furthermore, comparison to a conventional learning-method with special attention on orientation and recognition of physiological structures. Methods Prospective two-arm study with the participation of 226 clinical students. 108 students were given an extract from a textbook on fetal echocardiography (PDF-group, n = 108) for 30 min to study. 118 students were able to use the new ultrasound-simulator-app (Simulator-group, n = 118) to learn for 30 min. The knowledge of the students was examined both before and after the learning-period by having them identify sonographic structures in videos using single-choice selection. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age (p = 0.87), gender (p = 0.28), and the number of previously performed ultrasound-examinations (p = 0.45). In the Simulator-group, there was a significantly higher learning effect regarding the proportion of students with an increase of correct answers in the video test examination (p = 0.005). At the end of learning, the students in the Simulator-group needed significantly less time to display the structures in the app’s simulation (median initially 10.9 s vs. 6.8 s at the end; p < 0.001). Conclusions The novel ultrasound-simulation-app seems to be a useful addition and improvement to ultrasound training. Previous difficulties such as simultaneously having patients, ultrasound-machines, and professors at disposal can thus be avoided. This means that another important step towards remote learning can be taken, which has been proven increasingly essential lately, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Preschoolers benefit from a clear sound-referent mapping to acquire nonnative phonology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Núria Esteve-Gibert ◽  
Carmen Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phonological Contrasts ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information

Abstract Previous studies have shown that visual information is a crucial input in early language learning. In the present study we examine what type of visual input helps preschoolers in acquiring nonnative phonological contrasts. Catalan/Spanish-speaking children (4–5 years, N = 47) participated in a task to assess their phonological discrimination abilities before and after a training. Three training conditions were presented: one with clear oral/visual speech information, one with an ostensive object-sound mapping, and one with a rich social interaction. Children’s looking patterns were tracked to examine their focus of interest while being trained. Results revealed that preschoolers’ discrimination abilities increase in all trained conditions, but the condition where the speaker created an ostensive object–sound mapping led to higher long-term gains (especially for younger children). Eye-tracking results further showed that children looked to the object of reference while being exposed to the novel phonological input, which may explain the higher learning gains in this condition. Our results indicate that preschoolers’ learning of nonnative phonological contrasts is particularly boosted when the speech input is accompanied by an object of reference that is signaled ostensively and contingently in the visual space, compared to when the visual space only contains clear oral/visual speech information or social interactivity cues.

More Alike Than Unalike: Cross-language Similarity Influences Novel Word Lexicalization in Bilingual Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Palma ◽  
Marie-France Marin ◽  
k onishi ◽  
Debra Titone
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Novel Word Learning ◽  
Cross Language

Although several studies have focused on novel word learning and consolidation in native (presumably monolingual) speakers, less is know about how bilinguals add novel words to their mental lexicon. Here, we trained 33 English-French bilinguals on novel word-forms that were neighbors to “hermit” English words (i.e., words with no existing neighbors). Importantly, these English words varied in terms of orthographic overlap with their French translation equivalent (i.e., cognates vs. noncognates). We measured explicit recognition of the novel neighbors and the interaction between novel neighbors and English words through a lexical decision task, both before and after a sleep interval. In the lexical decision task, we found evidence of immediate facilitation for English words with novel neighbors, and evidence of competition after a sleep interval for cognate words only. These results suggest that higher quality of existing lexical representations predicts an earlier onset for novel word lexicalization.

A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NOVEL «ASSEMBLY HALL» BY HERMANN KANT IN THE REUNIFIED GERMANY (AFTER 1991)

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
Rimma Gurevich
Keyword(s):  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Party Position ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
Before And After

H. Kant’s novel received a high literary and aesthetic appreciation in criticism and wide recognition by readers. Criticism (before and after the unification of Germany) concerns mainly one aspect viz. authenticity of the events depicted in the novel and the charcters’ images. Opponents argue that Kant’s ideological views, his consistent socialist and party position have prompt him to embellish reality, create simulacra, and the idyllic world of socialist Biedermeyer. The article shows that these assessments ignore the nature of his talent, especially his creative personality peculiarities such as journalistic orientation of the motivated «political» person and writer.

Syntax Stimulation Revisited

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B. Fink ◽  
Myrna F. Schwartz ◽  
Elizabeth Rochon ◽  
Jessica L. Myers ◽  
Gail Simon Socolof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Structure Modeling ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Picture Description

A multiple-probes variant of the multiple-baseline across-behaviors design was used to study the extent of generalization associated with syntax stimulation (SS) training. To assess whether acquisition of specific structures generalized across tasks, we used a specially designed sentence elicitation probe, Picture Description with Structure Modeling (PDSM; Fink et al., 1994). To assess whether training enhanced morphosyntactic production in connected speech, we used the coding scheme developed by Saffran, Berndt, and Schwartz (1989). Four subjects with chronic nonfluent aphasia were trained to produce active, passive, and embedded sentences using materials and procedures from the Helm Elicited Language Program for Syntax Stimulation (Helm-Estabrooks, 1981). These sentence structures were trained in successive phases with generalization probes administered before and after each phase. Three subjects with aphasia served as controls. Strong within-task generalization was observed and, in contrast to previous studies, generalization to the novel sentence elicitation task (PDSM). SS training did not yield measurable gains in narrative production.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS MELALUI OUTDOOR ACTIVITY DI SMP NEGERI 1 KALIGONDANG KABUPATEN PURBALINGGA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Amtorunajah Amtorunajah ◽  
Muhsinatun Siasah Masruri
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Social Skill ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS melalui outdoor activity sebagai metode pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas VIIA SMP Negeri 1 Kaligondang Kabupaten Purbalingga. Penelitian ini terfokus pada peningkatan keterampilan sosial siswa. Data peningkatan keterampilan sosial diperoleh melalui pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, yang selanjutnya dianalisis untuk dibandingkan: (1) hasil pengamatan sebelum tindakan dan sesudah tindakan, dan (2) hasil pengamatan keterampilan sosial tiap siklus yang didukung oleh tanggapan berbagai pihak. Sebelum dilakukan tindakan, peneliti melakukan pengamatan keterampilan sosial dengan hasil rerata 2,79. Pada penerapan outdoor activitiy siklus I diperoleh skor rerata sebesar 3,12 (kategori cukup). Pada penerapan outdoor activity siklus II diperoleh skor rerata sebesar 3,69 (kategori baik). Pada penerapan outdoor activity siklus III mengalami peningkatan dengan skor rerata 4,16 (kategori baik). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan keterampilan sosial siswa pada prasiklus, siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan metode outdoor activity dalam pembelajaran IPS dapat meningkatkan keterampilan sosial pada siswa. Dengan demikian metode pembelajaran dengan outdoor activity layak diterapkan dalam pembelajaran IPS sebagai salah satu kegiatan pembelajaran, khususnya untuk meningkatkan keterampilan sosial siswa. Kata kunci: keterampilan sosial, outdoor activity, pembelajaran IPS SMP______________________________________________________________ IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SOCIAL SKILLS IN SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING THROUGH OUTDOOR ACTIVITY IN SMP NEGERI 1 KALIGONDANG PURBLINGGA REGENCY Abstract This study aims to improve the social skills of students in social studies learning through outdoor activity as a learning method. This was a classrooms action research study involving grade VIIA students of SMP Negeri 1 Kaligondang Purbalingga regency. This study focused on improving the social skill. The data of improvement of social skills were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, which is then analyzed for comparison: (1) the result of observations before and after the actions, and (2) the result of observation of social skills of each cycle supported by responses from different  parties. Before the actions, the researchers conducted observations of social skills and the mean score was 2.79 (in the moderate category). Through the application of the outdoor activitiy in cycle I obtained mean score of 3.12 (in the moderate category). Through the application of the outdoor activity in cycle II obtained mean score of 3.69 (in the good category). Through the application of outdoor activity in cycle III, the student’ social skill improved, with a mean score of 4.16 (in the good category). Based on the result of the observations of students' social skills on precycle, cycle I, cycle II, and  cycle III, it can be concluded that the application of the learning method of outdoor activity in Social Studies can improve social skills in students. Thus the method of learning with outdoor activity feasible in learning social studies as one of the learning activities, in particular to improve the students’ social skills. Keywords: social skills, outdoor activity, social studies learning at junior high school.

scholarly journals Using Think-Pair-Share for writing descriptive texts

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rosnani Sahardin ◽  
Cut Salwa Hanum ◽  
Sofyan A. Gani
Keyword(s):  
Test Scores ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Cooperative Teaching ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Right ◽  
Banda Aceh

Using the right technique to teach writing is very important to help students overcome problems in writing. Think Pair Share (TPS) is a cooperative teaching-learning method that it is believed to help students improve their writing ability. Thus, the writers conducted an experimental study to tenth grade students at a senior high school in Banda Aceh to find out whether or not this technique could facilitate and improve the students’ writing of descriptive texts in English. The results showed that the TPS technique successfully improved the ability of students’ in writing, reflected by the post-test scores covering five aspects of writing. The progress before and after the technique was implemented can be seen in these average scores for the five aspects: content increased from 12 to 16, organization from 11 to 15, vocabulary from 9 to13, grammar from 8 to 10, and mechanics from 8 to 11 where the improvement for each aspect was 4, 4, 4, 2 and 3. Despite the results showed that the TPS technique was effective for improving the students’ mastery of organization, vocabulary and content, but less so for improving mechanics and grammar. This is probably because it is generally much easier to make improvements in organization, vocabulary and content but it requires a much longer effort with much more practice to significantly improve mechanics and grammar. Nevertheless, the writers suggest that English teachers and others can use the TPS technique to teach writing, hence some of the problems faced by students in writing can be helped and, more importantly, they can improve their ability to write English.

scholarly journals Sex in Stencil Novels Case Study: Readers' Reception of Enny Arrow's Stencil Novel in Surakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariska Puspita Anggraini ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Erotic Literature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Perspective

The phenomenon of sex has always been novel in every era. In Indonesia, for example, Enny Arrow’s stencil novel has been circulating, which has been named as a legend of Indonesian erotic literature. Along with the development of technology, the existence of stencil novels was replaced by DVDs or VCDs, which then continued with the emergence of various sites providing access to pornography. This difference in phenomena certainly makes the meaning of sex for each individual different. This research will analyze the meaning of sex in the stencil novel by Enny Arrow in the eyes of millennial men. The data analysis will focus on social psychological factors using Normand Holland’s literary reception theory. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that there are different views on sexual relations before and after reading the novel. This research is expected to provide a new perspective on the picture of sexuality for modern humans.

Calocybe indicia extract modifies GABA and Serotonin levels to Alleviate anxiety in experimental adult Zebrafish models

2021 ◽  
pp. 4789-4794
Author(s):  
Sarah Andrea Wilson ◽  
Anushree Nagaraj ◽  
Lalitha Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Tissue Weight ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Gaba Content ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model to study anxiety due to its physiological homology to humans. The pathophysiology of anxiety, even though still unclear, has been extensively studied in Zebrafish. Anxiety was induced by withdrawal after exposure to 0.5% ethanol, which proved to be anxiogenic, validated through the novel tank test. The light/dark test revealed that exposure to 0.5% ethanol had anxiolytic effects. The milky mushroom, Calocybe indica was used to treat anxiety since its anti-hypertensive effects have already been reported. Biochemical parameters such as GABA and MAO (A&B) were measured before and after treatment with different concentrations of C. indica and standard anxiolytic drug, Fluoxetine to compare and confirm the anxiolytic effect. The GABA content was found to be 119.9±1.99 mmoles/g tissue weight after treatment with 50 µg C. indica which was comparable to the normal group values (100±4.12). MAO (A&B) activity decreased which in turn increased serotonin levels with 25µg of C. indica. 25µg and 100µg concentration of the extract of C. indica was found to be optimum in reducing the level of anxiety.

“Murder, Robbery, Rape, Adultery, and Incest”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Faherty
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
True Source ◽  
Cultural Mores ◽  
The Haitian Revolution ◽  
The Revolution

This essay considers how and why Federalist writers turned to the medium of fiction after the Revolution of 1800 in order to continue to express their concerns about the dangers of a Jeffersonian ascendency and the future of national development. By exploring the connections between rhetorical practices before and after Jefferson’s election, I argue that Federalist writers deployed the same tropes and metaphors to reflect on the loss of their authority despite the shift in genre from newspaper editorial to the novel form. Central to this practice was the use of reflections on the Haitian Revolution which served to represent the instabilities of plantation culture and its capacity to erode cultural mores. The essay focuses on Martha Meredith Read’s Margaretta (1807) as an emblematic example of the ways in which Federalist writers sought to deploy representations of planter decadence as a means of critiquing Jeffersonian power. Yet more than simply critiquing Jeffersonianism, Read also seeks to reframe the tenets of Federalism by advocating that properly ordered domestic spheres are the true source of cultural stability.

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