scholarly journals Medium-term and peri-lockdown course of psychosocial burden during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study on patients with pre-existing mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Bartels ◽  
Philipp Hessmann ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Jonathan Vogelgsang ◽  
Mirjana Ruhleder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic continues, patients with pre-existing mental disorders are increasingly recognized as a risk group for adverse outcomes. However, data are conflicting and cover only short time spans so far. Here, we investigate the medium-term and peri-lockdown-related changes of mental health outcomes in such patients in a longitudinal study. A cohort of 159 patients comprising all major mental disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed twice with the Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) to evaluate psychosocial burden, psychiatric symptoms and resilience at the end of the first (April/May 2020) and the second lockdown in Germany (November/December 2020). For the primary outcome “psychosocial burden” ratings also comprised retrospective pre-pandemic (early 2020) and very early states during the pandemic (March 2020). For all diagnostic groups, psychosocial burden varied significantly over time (p < 0.001) with an increase from the pre-pandemic to the initial phase (p < 0.001), followed by a steady decrease across both lockdowns, normalizing in November/December 2020. Female gender, high adjustment disorder symptom load at baseline and psychiatric comorbidities were risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden. Most psychiatric symptoms changed minimally, while resilience decreased over time (p = 0.044 and p = 0.037). The longitudinal course of psychosocial burden indicates an initial stress response, followed by a return to pre-pandemic levels even under recurrent lockdown conditions, mimicking symptoms of an adjustment disorder. Strategies for proactive, specific and continuous treatment have to address resilience capacities before their depletion in the pandemic aftermath, especially for patients with additional risk factors.

scholarly journals Evolution of psychosocial burden and psychiatric symptoms in patients with psychiatric disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Belz ◽  
Philipp Hessmann ◽  
Jonathan Vogelgsang ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Mirjana Ruhleder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Psychosocial Burden

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic highly impacts mental health worldwide. Patients with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable risk population for worsening of their condition and relapse of symptoms. This study investigates the pandemic-related course of psychosocial burden in patients with pre-existing mental disorders. With the newly developed Goettingen psychosocial Burden and Symptom Inventory (Goe-BSI) psychosocial burden has been traced retrospectively (1) before the pandemic (beginning of 2020), (2) at its beginning under maximum lockdown conditions (March 2020), and (3) for the current state after maximum lockdown conditions (April/May 2020). The Goe-BSI also integrates the Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM-20), assesses general psychiatric symptoms, and resilience. A total of 213 patients covering all major psychiatric disorders (ICD-10 F0-F9) were interviewed once in the time range from April, 24th until May 11th, 2020. Across all diagnoses patients exhibited a distinct pattern with an initial rise followed by a decline of psychosocial burden (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.09; Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons between all three time-points: p < 0.05 to 0.001). Female gender and high ADNM-20 scores were identified as risk factors for higher levels and an unfavorable course of psychosocial burden over time. Most psychiatric symptoms remained unchanged. Trajectories of psychosocial burden vary in parallel to local lockdown restrictions and seem to reflect an adaptive stress response. For female patients with pre-existing mental disorders and patients with high-stress responses, timely and specific treatment should be scheduled. With the continuation of the pandemic, monitoring of long-term effects is of major importance, especially when long incubation times for the development of mental health issues are considered.

Longitudinal study of Salmonella shedding in naturally infected finishing pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
pp. 1928-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. A. PIRES ◽  
J. A. FUNK ◽  
C. A. BOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Production System ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Research Study Design ◽  
Over Time

SUMMARYA 3-year longitudinal study was conducted on a multi-site farrow-to-finish production system. For each of 18 cohorts at three finishing sites, 50 pigs were randomly selected. Faecal samples were collected every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Salmonella was cultured from 453 (6·6%) of 6836 faecal samples. The pig-level incidence of Salmonella was 20·8% (187/899 pigs). Salmonella prevalence varied between cohorts and within pigs. The adjusted Salmonella prevalence decreased over the finishing period from 6·4% to 0·8%. Intermittent detection of Salmonella was found in more than 50% of pigs that were positive at more than one collection. The finding that the majority of pigs shed intermittently has implications for surveillance and research study design when determining Salmonella status. The variability in shedding over time, as well as between and within cohorts and pigs suggests that there may be time-variant risk factors for Salmonella shedding in swine.

Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders in the Context of Military Deployment: a Longitudinal Study.

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Trautmann ◽  
S. Schönfeld ◽  
A. Heinrich ◽  
J. Schäfer ◽  
P. Zimmermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Military Deployment

Housing Trajectories, Risk Factors, and Resources among Individuals Who Are Homeless or Precariously Housed

2021 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-122
Author(s):  
Tim Aubry ◽  
Ayda Agha ◽  
Cilia Mejia-Lancheros ◽  
James Lachaud ◽  
Ri Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Subsidized Housing ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

This study identifies time-patterned trajectories of housing stability among homeless and vulnerably housed individuals who participated in a multisite four-year longitudinal study in Canada. Findings show four distinct trajectories for the homeless and vulnerably housed: high levels of sustained housing stability, improving levels over time leading to high levels of housing stability, decreasing levels of housing stability over time, and low levels of housing stability over time. The presence of resources rather than risk factors differentiated the trajectories of participants who achieved housing stability from those who had low levels of housing stability. Participants who had better housing stability were more likely to live in subsidized housing. Findings highlight the need for programs and policies directed at addressing the housing affordability problem through income support strategies and the creation of affordable housing.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of children’s dental anxiety in China: a longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e043647
Author(s):  
Shuo Gao ◽  
Jiaxuan Lu ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Dongsheng Yu ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Children’S Dental Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesDental anxiety remains widespread among children, may continue into adulthood and affect their oral health-related quality of life and clinical management. The aim of the study was to explore the trend of children’s dental anxiety over time and potential risk factors.DesignLongitudinal study.MethodsChildren aged between 5 and 12 years were investigated with the Chinese version of face version of Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Frankl Behavior Rating scale from 2008 to 2017, and influential factors were explored.ResultsClinical data were available from 1061 children, including 533 (50.2%) male participants and 528 (49.8%) female participants. The total CFSS-DS scores ranged from 16 to 66, with a mean of 24.8±10.3. The prevalence of dental anxiety is 11.59%. No significant differences in total CFSS-DS scores between girls and boys were found. According to the Frankl scale, 238 children were allocated to the uncooperative group and the remaining 823 children were allocated to the cooperative group. Scores of CFSS-DS were negatively correlated with the clinical behaviour level of Frankl. Children aged 11–12 years old had significantly decreased scores compared with other age groups, and there was a decline in the scores of the group aged 8–10 years old over time. The factor analysis divided 15 items of CFSS-DS into four factors, and the total scores of ‘less invasive oral procedures’ items belonging to factor III decreased significantly over time in the group aged 8–10 years old.ConclusionsAge is a significant determinant for children’s dental anxiety, and dental anxiety outcomes have improved for Chinese children aged 8–10 years. This study is one of the few reports on changes of children’s dental anxiety in a new era of information, but the results may be extrapolated to other populations with caution.

DSM-5 Overview and Goals

2013 ◽  
pp. 1067-1071
Author(s):  
David J. Kupfer ◽  
Susan K. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Over Time

The road to DSM-5 spanned a decade of planning, discussion and review of the considerable advances in psychiatric research and clinical practice. By bridging the strengths of DSM-IV with the opportunities brought by new discoveries in neuroscience, the DSM-5 offers a foundation for future growth as we fill in our gaps of knowledge regarding the underlying pathologies of mental disorders. New features in DSM-5 include an organizational structure that permits alignment of disorders with shared putative pathogenesis irrespective of whether the disorders typically emerge in childhood or later in life. Other features include a new emphasis on risk factors and the development and life course of illness. The goal of the DSM-5 is to create a “living document” that may evolve over time as we gradually build on our knowledge of the neurobiologic underpinnings that account for both the emergence and lifetime expression of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Delineating the trajectories of social and occupational functioning of young people attending early intervention mental health services in Australia: a longitudinal study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e020678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Iorfino ◽  
Daniel F Hermens ◽  
Shane, PM Cross ◽  
Natalia Zmicerevska ◽  
Alissa Nichles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesMental disorders typically emerge during adolescence and young adulthood and put young people at risk for prolonged socioeconomic difficulties. This study describes the longitudinal course of social and occupational functioning of young people attending primary care-based, early intervention services.DesignA longitudinal study of young people receiving mental healthcare.SettingData were collected between January 2005 and August 2017 from a designated primary care-based mental health service.Participants554 young people (54% women) aged 12–32 years.MeasuresA systematic medical file audit collected clinical and functional information at predetermined time intervals (ie, 3 months to 5+ years) using a clinical pro forma. Group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM) was used to identify distinct trajectories of social and occupational functioning over time (median number of observations per person=4; median follow-up time=23 months).ResultsBetween first clinical contact and time last seen, 15% of young people had reliably deteriorated, 23% improved and 62% did not demonstrate substantive change in function. Of the whole cohort, 69% had functional scores less than 70 at time last seen, indicative of ongoing and substantive impairment. GBTM identified six distinct functional trajectories whereby over 60% had moderate-to-serious functional impairment at entry and remained chronically impaired over time; 7% entered with serious impairment and deteriorated further; a quarter were mildly impaired at entry and functionally recovered and only a small minority (4%) presented with serious impairments and functionally improved over time. Not being in education, employment or training, previous hospitalisation and a younger age at baseline emerged as significant predictors of these functional trajectories.ConclusionYoung people with emerging mental disorders have significant functional impairment at presentation for care, and for the majority, it persists over the course of clinical care. In addition to providing clinical care earlier in the course of illness, these data suggest that more sophisticated and more intensive individual-level and organisational strategies may be required to achieve significant and sustained functional improvements.

Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Rabbitt ◽  
Mary Lunn ◽  
Danny Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Impending Death ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

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