Genetic factor common to schizophrenia and HIV infection is associated with risky sexual behavior: antagonistic vs. synergistic pleiotropic SNPs enriched for distinctly different biological functions

Abstract After 40 years of intense study on HIV/AIDS, scientists have identified, among other things, at risk populations, stages of disease progression and treatment strategies. What has received less attention is the possibility that infection might elicit an increase in sexual behavior in humans. In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. Individuals with acute—versus nonacute—stage infections report more sexual partners and more frequent risky sex. Additionally, male sexual behavior increases nonlinearly with HIV viral load, and data suggest a potential threshold viral level above which individuals are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Taken together, these data suggest that HIV infection influences male sexual behavior in a manner beneficial to the virus. Here, we present these findings, highlight their limitations and discuss alternative perspectives. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior. Lay Summary In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior.

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Current Sexual Activity and Risky Sexual Behavior in Older Men With or At Risk for HIV Infection

AIDS Education and Prevention ◽

10.1521/aeap.2007.19.4.321 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 321-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Nina A. Cooperman ◽

Julia H. Arnsten ◽

Robert S. Klein

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexual Activity ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Older Men

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Harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption among individuals with high risk of HIV infection

Russian Family Doctor ◽

10.17816/rfd2018437-48 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 37-48

Author(s):

Svyatoslav L. Plavinskii ◽

Natalia N. Ladnaya ◽

Elena E. Zaytseva ◽

Anna N. Barinova

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

High Risk ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Injection Drug Users ◽

Drug Users ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Harmful Alcohol

Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was studied in high-risk groups for HIV infection acquisition using respondent-driven sampling and time-location sampling in 7 regions of Russian Federation. The prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was high with regional variations. Prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was highest among injection drug users in Tomsk (89.96% (95 % CI 87.14–92.78%)) and lowest among men who have sex with men in St. Petersburg (43.31% (95% CI 37.03–49.59%)). In general about two thirds of the groups reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. As a marker of unsafe sexual behavior the answer to the question about non-use of condom was selected. There was heterogeneity among regions especially in female sex-workers reports. Use of meta-analytic summarization showed that people that reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption had tendency to more risky sexual behavior, though results were not statistically significant due to high prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. These results show need to incorporate screening for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption into prevention programs for high-risk individuals.

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Risky Sexual Behavior as a Factor in Spreading HIV Infection in Russia. Part 1

Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika ◽

10.19181/snsp.2018.6.3.6005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 99-113

Author(s):

Margarita E. Pozdnyakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior

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Assessment of knowledge of Novosibirsk students in the prevention of HIV infection and other STIs

Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii ◽

10.25208/vdv1142 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Aleksey A. Khryanin ◽

Tatyana A. Shpiks ◽

Maria V. Russkih ◽

Valentina K. Bocharova

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Young People ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Specialized Institutions ◽

Medical University ◽

High Degree ◽

Prevention Of Hiv

The article presents information about a survey of 394 students from medical university and non-specialized institutions in Novosibirsk, in order to analyze the level of awareness about risky sexual behavior and prevention of HIV infection and STIs. The obtained information indicates a lack of awareness among young people about HIV/STIs. Students showed low alertness about their own safety. There was revealed a high degree of communicative tolerance among students. It was established, that students have a sense of tolerance for the uncomfortable feelings of the partner during communication, and the lack of ability to hide their negative emotions about non-communicative qualities of the partner.

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Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Integrated HIV Prevention Program in Reducing Risky Sexual Behavior and Increasing Safe Sex Practice among Minority Young Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Model Approach

Journal of HIV and AIDS ◽

10.16966/2380-5536.179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lucas N ◽

Mongkuo MYB ◽

Mongkuo MY

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sexual Behavior ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Prevention Program ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

The United States ◽

Health Concern

Aim: Since the early 1980s, sexual risk behaviors have become a severe public health concern in preventing the prevalence of HIV infection, especially among minority young adults. In the United States, minority young adults have higher than expected HIV infection than other racial groups. The spread of HIV infection among this vulnerable population has created a need to identify risk and protective factors, disease, and evidence-based prevention strategies to reduce disease transmission. The Comprehensive, Integrated HIV Prevention Program (CIHPP), is based on a derivative of the ecological epistemology framework that views risk factors as a multilevel concentric, including the individual, family, community, and societal levels. The framework asserts that any meaningful prevention strategy should examine these different levels and the effects on the population of interest. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CIHPP in increasing sexual risk practice and reducing risky sexual behavior among minority young adults.

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HIV antibody screening and ways to improve it to address the problem of containing the spread of HIV infection

HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders ◽

10.22328/2077-9828-2020-12-3-95-103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 95-103

Author(s):

Ye. I. Sisin ◽

A. A. Golubkova ◽

A. V. Alimov ◽

Ye. V. Lelenkova ◽

T. V. Mahorina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Research Result ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Commercial Sex ◽

Commercial Sex Workers ◽

High Detection ◽

Hiv Antibodies

The purpose of the study is to determine the current trends in the development of the HIV epidemic process for individual subjects of the Ural Federal district (UFD) and the possibility of corrective measures to update the practice based on the results of screening tests for HIV antibodies.Materials and methods. The study used information from form 4 of the Federal statistical observation «Information on the results of blood tests for HIV antibodies» in the amount of 26,1 million studies for 2009–2018, information from 2,488 questionnaires from two biopsychological studies among commercial sex workers (CSR) and persons in prison. Research result. It was found that, despite the increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the period 2009–2018, the estimated Hurst indicator for the studied time period characterized the long-term dynamics of the incidence as antipersistent. Among MSM and patients with STIs, there is a marked tendency to increase the detection of HIV infection. Among commercial sex workers (CSR) and people in prison, the results of a sentinel bio-behavioral study found high detection of HIV antibodies against the background of risky sexual behavior.According to the indicators of the frequency of detection of antibodies to HIV in screening studies, the territories of the greatest potential risk of HIV infection were determined. In dynamics, there was an increase in the number of studies and the detection of HIV infection among those examined for clinical and epidemic indications (codes 113, 120) and stabilization of the detection of HIV infection among injecting drug users (code 102).Conclusion. In the period 2016–2018, the sexual route of infection became predominant among HIV-infected people. The greatest intensity of HIV infection was observed among such categories of the population covered by official statistics and who are representatives of groups with a predominant HIV infection, such as MSM and patients with STIs. At the same time, there was a decrease in HIV surveys among these populations with an increase in detection.The results of behavioral studies among DCS and persons in prison demonstrate high detection of HIV antibodies among them, as well as the presence of risky sexual behavior. Screening for HIV infection requires additional optimization.

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Risky Sexual Behavior as a Factor in Spreading HIV Infection in Russia. Part II

Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika ◽

10.19181/snsp.2018.6.4.6088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 105-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margarita E. Pozdnyakova

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Drug Use ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Risky Sexual Behavior ◽

Drug Users ◽

Target Group ◽

Sexual Practices ◽

Special Role ◽

Infected People ◽

The Impact

This work continues an article on risky sexual behavior and the spread of HIV infection. In this part, based on the results of surveys of the working-age population, the youth and the target group of psychoactive substance users, the relationship between increase in drug use and sexual behavior is examined. It is shown that use of certain drugs is connected to increase in sexual activity. Injecting drug users play a special role in the spread of HIV infection. The survey of the target group of drug users allowed us to describe a modern portrait of an injecting drug user, as well as the peculiarities of drug use and common high-risk sexual practices in this group. The impact on the rate of infection from the Russian penitentiary system is considered. It was revealed that with an annual decrease in the number of prisoners, the proportion of HIV-infected people is constantly growing, while HIV infection is by far the most frequent cause of death for convicts in Russia. The factors that influence HIV incidence rate among the convicts are examined.

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