Risky Sexual Behavior as a Factor in Spreading HIV Infection in Russia. Part II

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita E. Pozdnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Impact

This work continues an article on risky sexual behavior and the spread of HIV infection. In this part, based on the results of surveys of the working-age population, the youth and the target group of psychoactive substance users, the relationship between increase in drug use and sexual behavior is examined. It is shown that use of certain drugs is connected to increase in sexual activity. Injecting drug users play a special role in the spread of HIV infection. The survey of the target group of drug users allowed us to describe a modern portrait of an injecting drug user, as well as the peculiarities of drug use and common high-risk sexual practices in this group. The impact on the rate of infection from the Russian penitentiary system is considered. It was revealed that with an annual decrease in the number of prisoners, the proportion of HIV-infected people is constantly growing, while HIV infection is by far the most frequent cause of death for convicts in Russia. The factors that influence HIV incidence rate among the convicts are examined.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of COVID-19: A cohort comparison study of drug use and risky sexual behavior among sexual minority men in the U.S.A.

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 108260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyrel J. Starks ◽  
S. Scott Jones ◽  
Daniel Sauermilch ◽  
Matthew Benedict ◽  
Trinae Adebayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Cohort Comparison ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
The Impact

Trends of HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in Brazil in the 1990s: The Impact of Changes in Patterns of Drug Use

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302
Author(s):  
Fabio Mesquita ◽  
Alex Kral ◽  
Arthur Reingold ◽  
Regina Bueno ◽  
Daniela Trigueiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals HCV and HIV infection and co-infection: injecting drug use and sexual behavior, AjUDE-Brasil I Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keli Bahia Felicíssimo Zocratto ◽  
Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa ◽  
Fernando Augusto Proietti ◽  
Anna Bárbara Carneiro-Proietti ◽  
Sueli Aparecida Mingoti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study aimed to characterize sexual and drug-use behaviors in injecting drug users (IDUs) in relation to single hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HCV/HIV co-infection. The sample consisted of 272 IDUs enrolled in the AjUDE-Brasil I Project, a cross-sectional multi-center study conducted in five Brazilian cities in 1998. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire using self-reported risk behavior, and HCV and HIV serological status used ELISA on filter paper. IDUs were clustered in four distinct groups: HCV/HIV seronegative; HCV mono-infected; HIV mono-infected; and HCV/HIV co-infected. Active sharing of injecting equipment was associated with HCV infection (p = 0.001). Sexual behavior variables, especially male same-sex sexual relations, were consistently associated with HIV infection. HCV/HIV co-infection was associated with both sexual and drug use variables. It was possible to distinguish different behavioral indicators for HCV and HIV infection and co-infection in this population.

scholarly journals Harmful and hazardous alcohol consumption among individuals with high risk of HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Svyatoslav L. Plavinskii ◽  
Natalia N. Ladnaya ◽  
Elena E. Zaytseva ◽  
Anna N. Barinova
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Harmful Alcohol

Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was studied in high-risk groups for HIV infection acquisition using respondent-driven sampling and time-location sampling in 7 regions of Russian Federation. The prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was high with regional variations. Prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption was highest among injection drug users in Tomsk (89.96% (95 % CI 87.14–92.78%)) and lowest among men who have sex with men in St. Petersburg (43.31% (95% CI 37.03–49.59%)). In general about two thirds of the groups reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. As a marker of unsafe sexual behavior the answer to the question about non-use of condom was selected. There was heterogeneity among regions especially in female sex-workers reports. Use of meta-analytic summarization showed that people that reported hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption had tendency to more risky sexual behavior, though results were not statistically significant due to high prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption. These results show need to incorporate screening for hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption into prevention programs for high-risk individuals.

Trends of HIV Infection Among Injection Drug Users in Brazil in the 1990s: The Impact of Changes in Patterns of Drug Use

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Mesquita ◽  
Alex Kral ◽  
Arthur Reingold ◽  
Regina Bueno ◽  
Daniela Trigueiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
D. V. Antonova ◽  
V. V. Bocharov ◽  
N. S. Chrustaleva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Published Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
First Time ◽  
Effective Design

Relevance. There is a continuing growth of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the need for effective design of preventive measures.Intention. To explore features of risky sexual behavior in people living with HIV with and without substance abuse and in healthy respondents.Methodology. The study involved 136 individuals in the groups as follows: 1st (n = 50) – drug users with blood-borne HIV infection, 2nd (n = 50) – heterosexual HIV infection, 3rd (n = 36) – without HIV infection. A specially developed clinical map was used, as well as an original questionnaire recording the characteristics of risky behavior and the main characteristics of the life situation of the disease (“Infection risk and the disease situation”). Statistical data processing included the Fisher criterion (ϕ-criterion).Results and Discussion. The characteristics of respondents’ sexual behavior related to gender, the presence/absence of HIV and the transmission route were revealed in the study. It has been established that HIV-infected and healthy respondents do not differ in the frequency of barrier protection methods (condoms) use. Various variants of risky sexual behavior were noted in all groups, in particular, unjustified rejection of condoms. The results are partially confirmed in the published data. In the Russian sample, non-use of condoms and the prevalence of “trust in a partner” were studied for the first time.Conclusion. Important components of prevention programs include increasing sexual literacy and working with people who use psychostimulants and other drugs.

scholarly journals Mujeres con VIH-SIDA en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Lely SOLARI ZERPA ◽  
Luis Miguel VALDEZ ◽  
Juan ECHEVARRIA ZARATE ◽  
Eduardo GOTUZZO HERENCIA
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the women infected with the Human Inmunodefficiency Virus (HIV) who were seen at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia from January 1989 to December 1996. Material and Methods: We did a retrospective chart review of their demographic and medical registers. We used the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) classification for the HIV infection. (Stages I-IV). Results: We included 236 women, from 17 to 60 years old, with a mean age of 30.4 years. The number of diagnosed cases per year of infected women increased from 5 in 1989 to 63 in 1996. The probable means of acquisition of infection was heterosexual intercourse in 212 patients (90.2%). Only had one sexual partner in her life 113 (47.8%) of the patients seen. There were 4 (1.6%) sexual workers and there were no intravenous drug users. A percentage of 23.4% have had other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), and these were more prevalent in women who had risky sexual practices (p=0.005). Out of the 236, 69 women had diagnosis of Acquired Inmunodefficiency Syndrome (AIDS) The most frequent AIDS-defining condition was the Wasting Syndrome in 23 women (33.3%). There were 19 deaths within the study period. The mean survival time after the AIDS diagnosis was 10.6 months and the most frequent death cause was Tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia. Conclusion: The fact of having a predominantly heterosexual transmission and that there is a high percentage of monogamous women and women with few sexual partners make us suppose that it is probably their partners risk sexual behavior what exposes women to HIV infection. We must underline the importance of an adequate information to women who start their sexual life and of the risks these bring, and the diffusion of the use of condoms to prevent this infection.

scholarly journals HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN MOSCOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Mikhail Valerevich Sinitsyn ◽  
S. E. Borisov ◽  
E. M. Belilovskiy ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.

Unsafe injecting practices, sexual risk behaviours and determinants of HIV among men who inject drugs: Results from Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Bhavna Sangal ◽  
Shreena Ramanathan ◽  
Savina Ammassari ◽  
Srinivasa Raghavan Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Behavioural Surveillance ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviours

In India, while an overall reduction in HIV is achieved among most key populations, the continued higher prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) is an area of concern. This paper analyses unsafe injecting and sexual risk behaviours in male PWIDs according to HIV status and also examines the determinants of HIV infection in this high-risk group. Data from India’s Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance, conducted across 29 Indian states and Union Territories among 19,902 male PWIDs, were used. Informed consent was obtained and men aged 15 years or more, who used psychotropic substances or drugs in the past three months for non-medical reasons were recruited for the survey. Results from the multivariable analysis suggest that drug use debut at age 25 years or above (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.41, confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.88), engagement in drug use for a longer duration (AOR: 1.81, CI: 1.32–2.48), injecting three times or more per day (AOR: 1.53, CI: 1.1–2.12), sharing of needle/syringes (AOR: 1.34, CI: 1.02–1.76), self-reported sexually transmitted infections (AOR: 1.55, CI: 1.12–2.14) and higher self-risk perception for exposure to HIV (AOR: 2.08, CI: 1.58–2.75) increase the likelihood of HIV infection. Sustained higher prevalence, unsafe injecting and risky sexual practices are major challenges which may prevent India from reaching the ‘end of AIDS’ by 2030. This underscores the need for adoption of a tailored, evidence-driven HIV prevention approach that adequately addresses local needs to limit the spread of HIV within this population, and thereby prevents the onward transmission of HIV to the general population.

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