Analysis of genes encoding laminin β2 and related proteins in patients with Galloway–Mowat syndrome

The retinoblastoma (RB) protein is present at low levels in early mouse embryos and in pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells; however, the levels of RB rise dramatically in neuroectoderm formed both in embryos and in differentiating cultures of P19 cells. To investigate the effect of inactivating RB and related proteins p107 and p130, we transfected P19 cells with genes encoding mutated versions of the adenovirus E1A protein that bind RB and related proteins. When these E1A-expressing P19 cells were induced to differentiate into neuroectoderm, there was a striking rise in the expression of c-fos and extensive cell death. The ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics of the dying cells were indicative of apoptosis. The dying cells were those committed to the neural lineages because neurons and astrocytes were lost from differentiating cultures. Cell death was dependent on the ability of the E1A protein to bind RB and related proteins. Our results suggest that proteins of the RB family are essential for the development of the neural lineages and that the absence of functional RB activity triggers apoptosis of differentiating neuroectodermal cells.

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Neuronal, stromal, and T-regulatory cell crosstalk in murine skeletal muscle

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1922559117 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (10) ◽

pp. 5402-5408 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kathy Wang ◽

Omar K. Yaghi ◽

Raul German Spallanzani ◽

Xin Chen ◽

David Zemmour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Treg Cells ◽

T Regulatory Cell ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Large Fiber ◽

Murine Skeletal Muscle ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Cell Crosstalk

A distinct population of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells promotes repair of acutely or chronically injured skeletal muscle. The accumulation of these cells depends critically on interleukin (IL)-33 produced by local mesenchymal stromal cells (mSCs). An intriguing physical association among muscle nerves, IL-33+ mSCs, and Tregs has been reported, and invites a deeper exploration of this cell triumvirate. Here we evidence a striking proximity between IL-33+ muscle mSCs and both large-fiber nerve bundles and small-fiber sensory neurons; report that muscle mSCs transcribe an array of genes encoding neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, and other nerve-related proteins; define muscle mSC subtypes that express both IL-33 and the receptor for the calcitonin-gene–related peptide (CGRP); and demonstrate that up- or down-tuning of CGRP signals augments or diminishes, respectively, IL-33 production by muscle mSCs and later accumulation of muscle Tregs. Indeed, a single injection of CGRP induced much of the genetic program elicited in mSCs early after acute skeletal muscle injury. These findings highlight neural/stromal/immune-cell crosstalk in tissue repair, suggesting future therapeutic approaches.

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Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051879 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1879 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shanshan He ◽

Gaopeng Yuan ◽

Shuxun Bian ◽

Xiaolei Han ◽

Kai Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Zinc Finger Protein ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Related Proteins

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.

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Multiple Rare Risk Coding Variants in Postsynaptic Density-Related Genes Associated With Schizophrenia Susceptibility

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.524258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Tsung-Ming Hu ◽

Ying-Chieh Wang ◽

Chia-Liang Wu ◽

Shih-Hsin Hsu ◽

Hsin-Yao Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Function ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Postsynaptic Density ◽

Psychiatric History ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Schizophrenic Patients ◽

Synaptic Receptors ◽

Related Proteins ◽

Coding Variants

ObjectiveSchizophrenia is a chronic debilitating neurobiological disorder of aberrant synaptic connectivity and synaptogenesis. Postsynaptic density (PSD)–related proteins in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor–postsynaptic signaling complexes are crucial to regulating the synaptic transmission and functions of various synaptic receptors. This study examined the role of PSD-related genes in susceptibility to schizophrenia.MethodsWe resequenced 18 genes encoding the disks large-associated protein (DLGAP), HOMER, neuroligin (NLGN), neurexin, and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) protein families in 98 schizophrenic patients with family psychiatric history using semiconductor sequencing. We analyzed the protein function of the identified rare schizophrenia-associated mutants via immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry.ResultsWe identified 50 missense heterozygous mutations in 98 schizophrenic patients with family psychiatric history, and in silico analysis revealed some as damaging or pathological to the protein function. Ten missense mutations were absent from the dbSNP database, the gnomAD (non-neuro) dataset, and 1,517 healthy controls from Taiwan BioBank. Immunoblotting revealed eight missense mutants with altered protein expressions in cultured cells compared with the wild type.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PSD-related genes, especially the NLGN, SHANK, and DLGAP families, harbor rare functional mutations that might alter protein expression in some patients with schizophrenia, supporting contributing rare coding variants into the genetic architecture of schizophrenia.

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Structure of tobacco genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins from the PR-1 group

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/15.17.6799 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 15 (17) ◽

pp. 6799-6811 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Ben J.C. Cornelissen ◽

Jeannine Horowitz ◽

Jan A.L. van Kan ◽

Robert B. Goldberg ◽

John F. Bol

Keyword(s):

Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Related Proteins

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GABA Accumulation Causes Cell Elongation Defects and a Decrease in Expression of Genes Encoding Secreted and Cell Wall-Related Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcr041 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 894-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Hugues Renault ◽

Abdelhak El Amrani ◽

Ravishankar Palanivelu ◽

Emily P. Updegraff ◽

Agnès Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Elongation ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Gaba Accumulation ◽

Related Proteins

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Coordination of plastid and nuclear gene expression

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2002.1180 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 358 (1429) ◽

pp. 135-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 126

Author(s):

John C. Gray ◽

James A. Sullivan ◽

Jun-Hui Wang ◽

Cheryl A. Jerome ◽

Daniel MacLean

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Gene ◽

Nuclear Genes ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

Nuclear Gene Expression ◽

Plastid Genomes ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Coordinated Expression ◽

Plastid Protein ◽

Related Proteins

The coordinated expression of genes distributed between the nuclear and plastid genomes is essential for the assembly of functional chloroplasts. Although the nucleus has a pre–eminent role in controlling chloroplast biogenesis, there is considerable evidence that the expression of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins is regulated by signals from plastids. Perturbation of several plastid–located processes, by inhibitors or in mutants, leads to decreased transcription of a set of nuclear photosynthesis–related genes. Characterization of arabidopsis gun ( genomes uncoupled ) mutants, which express nuclear genes in the presence of norflurazon or lincomycin, has provided evidence for two separate signalling pathways, one involving tetrapyrrole biosynthesis intermediates and the other requiring plastid protein synthesis. In addition, perturbation of photosynthetic electron transfer produces at least two different redox signals, as part of the acclimation to altered light conditions. The recognition of multiple plastid signals requires a reconsideration of the mechanisms of regulation of transcription of nuclear genes encoding photosynthesis–related proteins.

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Genes Encoding Actin-related Proteins of Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Molecular Biology ◽

10.1006/jmbi.1994.1526 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 241 (3) ◽

pp. 498-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Christine Fyrberg ◽

Liza Ryan ◽

Maura Kenton ◽

Eric Fyrberg

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Related Proteins

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Effects of mutations in the rpoS gene on cell viability and global gene expression under nitrogen starvation in Escherichia coli

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.27012-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 150 (8) ◽

pp. 2543-2553 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Md. Shahinur Kabir ◽

Takehiro Sagara ◽

Taku Oshima ◽

Yuya Kawagoe ◽

Hirotada Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Dna Binding ◽

Nitrogen Starvation ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Global Gene Expression ◽

Dna Binding Protein ◽

Nucleotide Metabolism ◽

Outer Membrane Lipoprotein ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Related Proteins

Escherichia coli bearing an rpoS amber or disrupted mutation exhibited a significant decrease in the number of colony-forming units (c.f.u.) when exposed to nitrogen starvation, which was not observed in cells bearing a functional rpoS allele. The decrease in the number of c.f.u. that was observed about 25 h after initiation of nitrogen starvation was prevented by the addition of nitrogen within 3 h but not by the addition of nitrogen at more than 7 h after the initiation of nitrogen starvation, suggesting that a process leading to a decline in c.f.u. starts within this period. DNA microarray analysis of the rpoS mutant showed that a large number of genes including many functionally undefined genes were affected by nitrogen starvation. The expression levels of σ S and σ H regulon genes encoding acid-resistant proteins (hdeA, hdeB, gadA and gadB), DNA-binding protein (dps), chaperones (dnaK, ibpA, ibpB, dnaJ and htpG), chaperonins (mopB and mopA) and energy-metabolism-related proteins (hyaABCDF and gapA), and those of other genes encoding nucleotide-metabolism-related proteins (deoC and deoB), cell-division protein (ftsL), outer-membrane lipoprotein (slp) and DNA-binding protein (stpA) were significantly decreased by 10 h nitrogen starvation. The genes encoding transport/binding proteins (nac, amtB, argT, artJ, potF and hisJ) and amino acid-metabolism-related proteins (glnA, trpB, argG, asnB, argC, gdhA, cstC, ntrB, asd and lysC) were significantly up-regulated under the same condition, some of which are known Ntr genes expressed under nitrogen limitation. On the basis of these results, possible causes of the decrease in the number of c.f.u. under nitrogen starvation are discussed.

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